Magistra Snyder's Latin Website
Term 1, Unit 8: Indirect speechSTATIMIn your own words, what is the difference between the words ‘direct’ versus ‘indirect’?Direct vs. INDIRECT SPEECH: What does it look like in English?When people speak and we quote them directly, using their words verbatim and without paraphrasing what they have said we call it DIRECT speech. DIRECT speech is marked by including as punctuation.When we paraphrase, summarize, re-word, or re-iterate someone’s thoughts, ideas, or words, we call it INDIRECT speech. INDIRECT speech in English is introduced by the word ‘‘.INDIRECT SPEECH: What does it look like in Latin?????DIRECT SPEECHPygmalion dīxit: “nātura multa vitiā fēmineae animae dat.”??Pygmalion said: “Nature gives many vices to the feminine mind.”??INDIRECT SPEECH Pygmalion dīxit nātūram multa vitiīa fēmineae animae dare.?bPygmalion said that nature gives many vices to the feminine mind.In Latin, when we transition from DIRECT to INDIRECT speech:?What happens to the quotation marks? 1bUnlike in English, indirect speech in Latin has no word for ; we ADD it in2The nominative subject in direct speech becomes the in indirect speech (even though it is still a subject).3The finite/conjugated verb inside the quotations becomes anin indirect speech, even though we do NOT use the word “to” in its translation.4in order to know that indirect speech is about to begin, or has just happened, Latin uses a verb whose definition involves sensing, perceiving, or understanding. These are called head verbs.Head Verbs- verbs whose definitions involve sensing, perceiving or understanding (or actions, accomplished with one’s head- mind, eyes, ears, mouth) after which the word ‘that’ naturally follows. Some examples are listed as follows:arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum: to thinkaudiō, audīre, audīvī, auditus: to hearcōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātus: to think, considercognoscō, cognoscere, cognovī, cognitus: to understand, recognizedicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus: to sayintellegō, intellegere, intellexī, intellectus: to understandnuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiāvī, nuntiātus: to announcepolliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum: to promisesciō, scīre, scīvī, scītus: to knowsentiō, sentīre, sensī, sensus: to feel, perceive, sensevideō, vidēre, vīdī, visus: to seeDirections: List as many Latin ‘head verbs’ as you can come up with below next to the part of the head they are performed with.MEDITATIODirections: Annotate and translate the sentences below. Use vocabulary from “Pygmalion” as an aid.omnēs sciēbant hunc caelibem sine amore vīvere. omnēs optābant Pygmalion laetiōrem esse.Pygmalion audit ebur niveum in tectum ferrī.formam dans, is subitō vidēbat virginem pulchram nascī.credēre potes animam statuam habēre.scribit avidissimē Pygmalion Amōrem in corde volārePENSUMComplete the organizer on “Pygmalion I.4-7. Use the text and vocabulary gloss as reference.Line 4dansTranslate this participle: ____________It is in the ____________ case.What other words belong in the participial phrase? ____________quāWhat is this pronoun’s case? ____________Translate it, according to case. ____________eburIts TWO possible GNC combinations are ____________ OR ____________Line 6potesTranslate this verb: ____________Find the head verb in this line: ____________Line 7hauritWhat is the subject of this verb? ____________What is the direct object of this verb? ____________PYGMALION PART I or “Rock Steady” or “Ivory Sap” On the island of Cyprus, where the goddess Venus was born and worshipped, lived Pygmalion, a highly skilled sculptor. Pygmalion sibi dīcēbat: ‘fēminās aevum per crīmen agere videō.’ offensus vitiīs crēdēbat haec fēmineae mentī dedisse nātūram. itaque sine coniuge caelebs vīvēbat thalamīque diū consorte carēbat. intereā mīra arte feliciter ebur niveum sculpsit formam dans, quā fēmina nulla nascī potest operisque suī concēpit amōrem. virginis est vērae faciēs et eam vīvere crēdere potes et velle movērī. eam Pygmalion mirātur et pectore haurit simulātī corporis ignēs. saepe manūs operī temptantēs admovet nec adhuc id ebur esse fatētur. oscula dat eaque reddī putat loquiturque tenetque et crēdit digitōs insidere tactīs membrīs et metuit in artūs livōrem premere.He pays the statue compliments and brings gifts of flowers and pets and jewelry, dressing it in fine clothes and laying out a soft bed as well.adhuc stillaevum, -ī, n. eternity; life, lifetime; generationagō, agere, ēgī, actus do, lead, drivears, artis, f. skill, craftartus, -ūs, m. limbcaelebs, caelibis unmarried, singleconcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus receive; see; conceive, imagineconiunx, coniugis, m./f. spouseconsors, consortis, m./f. sharer, partner; brother or sister; crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditus believe, trust crīmen, crīminis, n. charge, blame, crimedigitus, -ī, m. digit (finger or toe)diū for a long timeebur, eboris, n. ivoryfaciēs, -ēi, f. shape, form; facefēlix, fēlīcis fruitful, productive; fortunate, happyforma, -ae, f. shape, form;beautyhauriō, -īre, -sī, -sus draw (water, etc.), drain, drink up, drink inignis, -is, m. fireinsideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessus sit on; be stamped inintereā meanwhilelivor, livoris, m. bruisemetuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus fearmīrus, -a, -um wonderful, marvellousmoveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus move, stirnascor, nascī, natus sum be bornniveus, -a, -um snowy; snow-whitenullus, -a, -um [nullius (gen) nullī (dat)] nooffendō, -ere, -dī, -sus hit, strike; meet; commit an offense; take offense at; displeaseopus, operis, n. workosculum, -ī, n. kissreddō, -ere, -didī, -ditus return, give backsaepe oftensimulō -āre, -āvī, -ātus imitate, copy, make liketemptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus handle, touch; try (out); testthalamus, -ī, m. chamber, bridal chamber; marriagevērus, -a, -um true, realvirgō, virginis, f. maiden, young womanvitium, -ī, n. fault, defect, vice, crimevīvō, -ere, vīxī, victus live, be alivevolō, velle, voluī want, wishTRANSLATION: CHECK: _______NOTES:PART II of “Altar’d States” or “Ivory Sop”On the festival of Venus, celebrated throughout Cyprus, Pygmalion made his offering and stood at the altar, shyly praying to the goddess: ‘sī, dī, dare cuncta potestis, volō coniugem similem eburneae virginī.’ Venus, quae aderat festīs suīs, eum sensīt velle ipsam virginem eburneam. ut ille rediit, simulacra suae puellae petit incumbensque toro dedit oscula: vīsa tepere est; admovet ōs iterum, manibus quoque bracchium temptat: temptatum ebur mollescit positō rigōre subsīdit digitīs cēditque. corpus erat! temptatae pollice vēnae saliunt.Then, he was overjoyed and full of gratitude to Venus. The girl felt his kisses, blushed, and opened her eyes to Pygmalion and the sky above. Venus attended their marriage, and the woman bore a son, Paphos, after whom the city is named. cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessus yield; movecunctus, -a, -um all, entiredī = deīfestum, -ī, n. holiday, festivalincumbō, -ere, -buī, -bitus lean or recline uponmollescō, -ere become soft, softenpollex, pollicis, m. thumbpōnō, -ere, posuī, positus put, place; set down or asideredeō, -īre, -iī, -itus return, go backrigor, rigōris, m. rigidity, hardnesssaliō, -īre, saluī, saltus leap, spring, jump sentiō, -īre, sensī, sensum feel, hear, see; perceivesī ifsimilis, -is, -e similar, likesimlacrum, -ī, n. likeness; figure, statuesubsīdō, -ere, -sēdī, -sessus settle down, sink downtepeō, -ēre be warmtorus, -ī, m. swelling; knot; cushion; couch; marriageut asvēna, -ae, f. veinTRANSLATION: CHECK: _______INDIRECT SPEECH: PERFECT INFINITIVESSTATIM: Complete the following organizers to translate the following sentences (use your Pygmalion text and translation).offensus vitiīs crēdēbat haec fēmineae mentī dedisse nātūram. Latin TextEnglish TranslationParticipial Phraseoffensus vitiīsHead Verbhe was believing thatIndirect StatementFinal Translation: offensus vitiīs crēdēbat haec fēmineae mentī dare nātūram. Latin TextEnglish TranslationParticipial Phraseoffensus vitiīsHead Verbhe was believing thatIndirect StatementFinal Translation: The Perfect Active Infinitivedare is an infinitive in the tense and active voice (to give); Inside Indirect Statement, present infinitives can be translated in the tense, or in the tense as the head verb (depending on context).dedisse is an infinitive in the tense and active voice (to have given); Inside Indirect Statement, perfect infinitives can be translated in the tense, or in a tense that indicates time the head verb (depending on context). Use dedisse to figure out how the perfect infinitive is formed (dō, dare dedī, datus):PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE FORMULA = ____________ + ____________ MEDITATIOfēminās aevum per crīmen agere videō.Tense of the head verb: Tense of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: fēminās aevum per crīmen egisse videō.Tense of the head verb: Tense of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: scribit avidissimē Pygmalion Amōrem in corde volāre.Tense of the head verb: Tense of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: scribit avidissimē Pygmalion Amōrem in corde volāvisse.Tense of the head verb: Tense of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: STATIMComplete the infinitive synopsis and review sentences below.dō, dare dedī, datus: to giveTenseACTIVEPASSIVEPRESENT____________________________________________________PERFECT____________________________________________________***An infinitive in the tense indicates the SAME time as that of the head verbAn infinitive in the tense indicates time BEFORE that of the head verb***We have not yet learned this form. Make an educated guess- which principal part does Latin normally use to express perfect passive verbs? The Perfect Passive InfinitivePERFECT PASSIVE INFINITIVE FORMULA = *+ *Remember: the 4th Principal Part agrees with its subject in GNC. In indirect statement, the subject will always be accusative. Inside Indirect Statement, perfect infinitives can be translated in the tense, or in a tense that indicates time the head verb (depending on context).MEDITATIOComplete the following infinitive synopses and translations.agō, -ere egī, actus do, drive, leadTenseACTIVEPASSIVEPRESENT____________________________________________________PERFECT____________________________________________________is crēdēbat vitia fēmineae mentī nātūrā data esse.Tense of the head verb: Tense and voice of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: omnēs visērunt formam ā Pygmalione datam esse.Tense of the head verb: Tense and voice of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: ille canit operis suī amōrem conceptum esse.Tense of the head verb: Tense and voice of the infinitive in indirect speech: Translation: PensumDirections: Complete the verb synopses.crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditus believe, trustTenseACTIVEPASSIVEPRESENT____________________________________________________PERFECT____________________________________________________ferrō, ferre, tulī, latus carry, bringTenseACTIVEPASSIVEPRESENT____________________________________________________PERFECT____________________________________________________simulō, simulāre, simulāvī, simulātus pretend, feign TenseACTIVEPASSIVEPRESENT____________________________________________________PERFECT____________________________________________________ ................
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