Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

PERKIN-ELMER MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Perkin-Elmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Copyright Information

Reproduction or publication of this document in any form or format is prohibited without written permission of The Perkin-Elmer Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.

Copyright ? 1996 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

Release Information

Manual Part No.

Release

0303-0152

A

B

C

D

Release Date

March 1964 November 1981

August 1994 September 1996

Trademarks Perkin-Elmer is a registered trademark of The Perkin-Elmer Corporation.

Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are protected by law.

Safety Information

The Analytical Methods section describes methodologies using a wide variety of potentially hazardous chemicals (acids, bases, organic solvents, etc.) Acid digestions, either at atmospheric pressure or at increased pressure, may require special care.

Before using any chemicals, acids, etc., you should be thoroughly familiar with all hazards and safe handling practices. Observe the manufacturer's recommendations for use, storage, and disposal. These recommendations are normally provided in a safety data sheet supplied with the chemical.

Information about laboratory safety and the handling of potentially hazardous chemicals can be found in the following: ? Furr, K., ed., CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 3rd ed., The

Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Florida, USA, 1990. ? Bretherick, L., Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 3rd ed., Royal

Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1981.

Contents

General Information ........................................................................... 1 Emission vs. Absorption ................................................................. 3 Light Sources for Atomic Absorption.............................................. 6 Burner System .............................................................................. 10 Flames .......................................................................................... 13 Gas Controls ................................................................................. 14 Emission....................................................................................... 16 Instrument Calibration .................................................................. 16 Characteristic Concentration vs. Detection Limit .......................... 23 Interferences ................................................................................. 25 Standard Conditions Pages............................................................ 34 General Operating Guidelines ....................................................... 37 Accessory Sampling Techniques................................................... 39 Reagents and Suppliers ................................................................. 40 Calculations.................................................................................. 46

Standard Conditions ......................................................................... 51 The standard conditions for the determination of individual elements are listed alphabetically by elemental symbol in this section.

Analytical Methods..........................................................................127 AY-1 - Analysis of Soils: Extractable Cations..............................132 AY-2 - Analysis of Soils: Exchangeable Cations..........................134 AY-3 - Analysis of Soils and Sediments: Total Cations................136 AY-4 - Analysis of Plant Tissue: Dry Ashing...............................138 AY-5 - Analysis of Plant Tissue: Wet Digestion ..........................141

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