Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Disc-space narrowing (more than 2-mm loss of posterior disc height); Spur formation; Spondylolisthesis (anterior or posterior slip of the vertebra by more than 2 mm); Vacuum phenomenon. Clinical evidence of adjacent segment morbidity determined by: Rate of salvage operation for adjacent segment lesions. Kauppila (1997/1998)76,77 ................
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