MFL resources – GCSE + A level ideas and resources



Name: 36862251689000LISTENING, READING + WRITINGESSENTIAL THINGS TO KNOW?Qué hiciste? = What did you do?Hice / No hice= I did / I didn’tHicimos / No hicimos= we did / we didn’tTuve (varios problemas con …) = I had (a few problems with …)Tuvimos = we had25500081202000QUESTION WORDS una pregunta = a questionpreguntar = to ask a questionuna respuesta = an answerresponder = to answer?Cómo? = How??Cuándo? = When??Quién? = Who??Qué? = What? ?Dónde? = Where??De dónde? = Where from??Por dónde? = Through where??Cuál? / ?Cuáles?= Which??Por qué? = Why??Cuánto? = How much? How many??A qué hora? = At what time??Cuánto cuesta? = How much does it cost??Cuánto vale? = How much does it cost??Qué hora es?= What time is it??Qué fecha? = What date?ESSENTIAL PHRASESes = (she/he/it) isson = (they) arefue = (she/he/it) wasfueron = (they) werehay = there is / there arehabía = there wasserá = (she/he/it) will beserán = (they) will beESSENTIAL WORDS – WRITING EXAMir = to govoy = I govas = you go (singular)va = she/he/it goesvamos = we go váis = you go (plural)van = they gome gusta ir … = I like to go …suelo ir … = I usually go …fui = I wentfuiste = you went (singular)fue = she/he/it went fuimos = we wentfuistéis = you went (plural)fueron = they wentiré = I will goiremos = we will gosoy = I am (permanent)eres = you are (singular)es = she/he/it issomos = we aresois = you are (plural)son = they areSeré = I will be (permanent) Era = I was, I used to beSería = I would beestoy = I am (temporary)estás = you are (singular)está = she/he/it isestamos = we areestáis = you are (plural)están = they areEstaré = I will be (temporary)Estaba = I was, used to beEstaría = I would behacer = to dohago = I dohaces = you do (singular)hace = she/he/it doeshacemos = we dohacéis = you do (plural)hacen = they dome encanta hacer … = I love to do …suelo hacer … = I usually do …acabar de + infinitive = to have just ….acabo de …. = I have just …acabo de hacer = I have just done …hice = I didhacía = I used to dohicimos = we didharé = I will doharía = I would dotengo = I have tienes = you have (singular)tiene = she/he/it hastemenos = we havetenéis = you have (plural)tienen = they have he = I have (for talking about the past)has = you have (for talking about the past)ha = she/he/it has (for talking about the past)hemos = we have (for talking about the past)habéis = you have (for talking about the past)han = they have (for talking about the past)he terminado = I have finishedhe visitado = I have visited hay = there is / there arehabía = there was / there werehabrá = there will be debo = I mustdebería = I shouldhay que + infinitive = You have to ….voy a = I am going to me gustaría = I would likequisiera = I would like doy = I give veo = I can see, I watch quiero = I wantpuedo = I candi = I gavevi = I saw, I watched quise = I wantedpude = I could (past tense)Intensifiersmuydemasiadocompletamenteun pocoverytoo (much)completelya bitOPINIONSMe gusta = I likeValoro = I think highly of, I valuePrefiero = I preferLo paso genial = I have a great timeLo pasé genial = I had a great timeRecomendaría = I would recommendNo me gusta = I don’t likeNo aguanto = I can’t stand Tampoco me gusta = nor do I likeNo estoy de acuerdo = I don’t agreeMe decepciona = disappoints me41531965425200ESSENTIAL OPINION PHRASES por un lado = on the one handpor otro lado = on the other handMi padre dice que ….. pero no estoy de acuerdo= My dad says that …. but I don’t agree.Mis padres dicen que ….. pero no estoy de acuerdo= My parents say that …. but I don’t agree.Creo que… = I think thatDiría que = I would say that Supongo que = I suppose thatDesde mi punto de visita = from my point of viewLo mejor es (fue)= the best thing is (was)Lo peor es (fue) = the worst thing is (was)3250663-330900CONNECTIVESaunque = althougho = orpero = buttambién = also además =furthermoresin embargo = howeverluego = thenpor ejemplo = for examplesi = ifincluso = evenpor eso = thereforea pesar de = despite, inspite ofantes = beforedespués = aftertodavía = stillpara emperzar = to startpara concluir = to finish offpara resumir = to sum uppor fin = finallymientras = while, whilstdado que = given thatmás = more menos = lessmás que = more thanmuy = verybastante = quiteafortunadamente = fortunately desafortunadamente = unfortunatelyclaro = of coursepor supuesto = of courseESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS mi = mytu = yournuestro = ourTIMES REFERENCES - PRESENTahora = nowpor la ma?ana = in the morning25950936440ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last time00ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last timepor la tarde = in the afternoonpor la noche = in the eveningtodos los días = every daysiempre = alwaysnormalmente = usually, normallya menudo = oftende vez en cuando = from time to timeTIMES REFERENCES - PAST ayer = yesterdayanteayer = the day before yesterdayla semana pasada = last weekel mes pasado = last monthel a?o pasado = last yearantes = beforeTIMES REFERENCES - FUTUREma?ana = tomorrowla semana que viene = next weekel a?o que viene = next yearen invierno = in the winteren verano = in the summer en oto?o = in the autumnen primavera =in the springde… a… = from…to…ESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS tengo = I havetiene = (it/she/he) hastuve = I hadtuvo = she/he hadLOCATIONcerca de = close tolejos de = far fromal lado de = next todetrás de = behinddelante de = oppositedentro de = insideESSENTIAL EXPRESSIONS me hace falta = I neednecesito = I needsolo = only OR alonenada = nothingnadie = no one nunca = neverjamás = neverninguno/a = none, not anyseguir = to continue, carry onsiguiente = following, nextel día siguiente = the following dayCOMMON ADVERBSotra vezagain(por) mucho tiempo(for a) long timecasialmostyaalreadysiemprealwaysmalbadlyabajobelow (down)especialmentesobre todoespeciallyafortunadamentepor suertefortunatelyaquíhereinmediatamenteimmediatelymásmoreno obstante, sin embargoneverthelessa menudooftenahíover therequizás/quizáperhapstal vezperhapsrápidamente, de prisaquicklybastanterather/ quiterealmentereallyrecientementerecentlya vecessometimestodavíastill (yet)en seguidastraight away, at onceallítheredemasiadotoodesgraciadamentedesafortunadamenteunfortunatelyarribaup theremuy-ísimoverybienwell3090000744100FALSE FRIENDSlibrería = book shop éxito = successuna carpeta = a folder, filelos servicios = toiletsasistir = to attendlisto = intelligent, brightla red = the internet / the networkla dirección = addressemocionante = excitinguna falta = a lack, shortage OR an erroruna firma = a signaturefirmar = to signla jubilación = retirementla diversión = entertainmentrealizar = to carry out, do381813944369600COMMON WORDS comoas, liketodo el mundo, todoseverybodycifra (f)figurepor ejemplofor examplesiifmedio (m), mitad (f)middle/halfse?oritaMissse?orMrse?oraMrsnononúmero (m)numberforma (f)shapealguiensomeonealgosomethingeso/a/os/asthat/thosecosa (f)thingesto/a/os/asthis/thesevez (f)timegénero, tipo (m)type/kind/sortforma, manera (f)waysíyesESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS alrededor de/aproximadamenteaboutencima deabovesegúnaccording todespuésaftercontraagainstentreamongen (casa de)at (someone’s house)al final deat the end ofaat, toa causa debecause ofantesbeforedetrásbehindentrebetweenduranteduringpor todas parteseverywheresalvo, exceptoexceptlejos (de)far (from)parafor, in order tode, desdefromen, dentro deindelante dein front ofdentro (de)insidecerca denearal lado denext tosobre, enonen la esquina deon the corner ofenfrente deoppositefuera deoutside/out ofpor, a través dethroughhaciatowardsbajo, debajo deunderhastauntilconwithsinwithoutHIGH FREQUENCY EXAM PHRASES (these appear very often)aumentar= to increaseun aumento= an increasesubir= to go upuna subida= a riseun ascenso= an increase, a risemejorar= to improveuna mejora= an improvementalcanzar= to reachmayor= bigger, greatermás= morealto/a= high, tallla altura= heightdescender= to decrease, go downun descenso= a decrease, a dropbajar= to go downuna bajada= a dropuna caída= a fall caer= to fallempeorar= to sorsen, get worsemenor= smaller, lessermenos= lessbajo/a= low, smallno cambiar= to not changeseguir= to continueigual= the same, equalseguir igual= to carry on the sametanto …. como ..= as much …. as ….tan … como …= as …. as ….ni … ni …= neither … nor ningún cambio= no changeTIMES REFERENCES - PRESENTla fecha = the dateun día = a dayuna semana = a weekquince días = a fortnightuna quincena = a fortnightun a?o = a yearuna década = a decadeun siglo = a centuryahora = nowtemprano = earlypronto = soona tiempo = on timehoy = todaypor la ma?ana = in the morningpor la tarde = in the afternoonpor la noche = in the eveningtodos los días = every daycada día = each daytodas las semanas = every weekuna vez a la semana = once a weekcinco veces al mes = five times a monthtodos los meses = every monthlunes = Monday martes = Tuesday miércoles = Wednesday jueves = Thursday viernes = Friday sábado = Saturday domingo = Sunday siempre = alwaysnormalmente = usually, normallyesta semana = this weekeste a?o = this yeara menudo = oftenmuchas veces = many timesde vez en cuando = from time to timeTIMES REFERENCES - PAST ayer = yesterdayanteayer = the day before yesterdayanoche = last nightayer por la ma?ana =yesterday morning2826913-6439ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last time00ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last timeayer por la tarde = yesterday afternoonayer por la noche =yesterday eveningla semana pasada = last weekel mes pasado = last monthel a?o pasado = last yearel lunes pasado = last Mondayhace una semana = a week agohace un mes = a month agohace un a?o = a year agoantes = beforeTIMES REFERENCES - FUTUREma?ana = tomorrowpasado ma?ana = the day after tomorrowma?ana por la ma?ana = tomorrow morningma?ana por la tarde = tomorrow afternoonma?ana por la noche = tomorrow eveningal día siguiente = on the following daysiguiente = following próximo = next, following… que viene = next, comingla semana que viene = next weekel mes que viene = next monthel a?o que viene = next yearel lunes próximo = next Mondayen el futuro =in the futureel porvenir = the futuredespués = afterwardsde… a… = from…to…a partir de = from hasta = untilen invierno = in the winteren verano = in the summer en oto?o = in the autumnen primavera =in the springel principo = the start, beginningel fin = the endGREETINGS + EXCLAMATIONSsaludosbest wishes?que te diviertas!?que lo pases bien!enjoy yourself/selves; have a good timeadiósgoodbye?Basta ya!That’s enough!claroof course?De versa?Really??Qué va!Come on! No way! Rubbish!?diga?hello (on the telephone)holahello?Ojo!Look out!?Cuidado!Careful!?Cómo estás? / ?Qué tal?How are you??Qué pasa?What’s happening? ?Socorro!help!holahipor favorplease hasta luegosee you laterhasta prontosee you soonhasta ma?anasee you tomorrowhasta el (lunes)see you (Monday)graciasthank youMuchas graciasthank you very muchDe nadaDon’t mention it / You’re welcomeMucho gustoPleased to meet youEncantado/aPleased to meet youPerdón / PerdoneSorryLo sientoI’m sorryValeOK?Bienvenido!= Welcome!dar la bienvenida= to welcome?Buen viaje!= Have a good trip! Bon voyage!?Buena suerte!= Good luck!?Cuidado!= Careful! Look out!cuidadoso/a= cautious?Enhorabuena!= Congratulations!?Felicidades!= Congratulations!?Feliz A?o Nuevo!= Happy New Year!?Feliz cumplea?os!= Happy birthday!?Feliz Navidad!= Merry Christmas!ow hOWM ow are you?Buenas noches= Good evening / night! (When it is dark)Buenas tardes= Good evening / night! Buenos días= Good day! Good morning!ESSENTIAL VERBSabandonarto abandonabrirto openacabar, terminarto finish, endacamparto camp (in a tent)aceptarto acceptacompa?arto accompanyaconsejarto adviseacordarse de, recordarto rememberacostarseto go to bedactuarto performadelantarto overtakeadjuntar, incluirto encloseadvertirto warnafeitarseto shaveagradecerto thankahorrarto save (money)almorzarto have lunchalojar; hospedarto put someone up; to accommodatealojarseto stay (for a holiday)alquilarto hire, to rentamarto loveamenazarto threatenampliarto widena?adirto addandar, caminar, pasearto walkapagarto turn offaparcarto parkapetecerto fancy, feel likeapreciarto appreciateaprenderto learnaprobar (un examen)to pass (an exam)aprovecharto take advantage ofapuntarto note downarchivarto filearreglarto tidy uparreglarto fix, repairarrepentirse, lamentarto regret, be sorryascender, cambiarto move up (to the next form/year)asistir ato attend (match etc)asistir a colegioto attend schoolatender una mesa, servir a la mesato wait at table, to serveaterrizarto landaumentarto increaseaveriguar, verificarto checkayudarto helpbailarto dancebajarto go down, to get off (bus, train)ba?arseto bath, to bathebeberto drinkbeberto drinkbrillarto shinebuscarto look for, to fetchcaerto fallcalcularto calculatecambiarto changecancelarto cancelcantarto singcargarto load, to chargecasarseto get marriedcelebrar, festejarto celebratecenarto have dinner, suppercepillarse to brush (teeth,hair)cerrarto closechatearto chat (on line)chocarto collide/to crashcircular, viajar (en coche)to go along (in a car)cliquear, hacer clicto clickcoger, tomarto takecolgarto hang up (phone)colgar ento upload onto (internet)combatirto combat, fightcomenzarto start/to begincomerto eatcompararto comparecompartirto sharecomprarto buycomprenderto understandconducirto driveconfiarto trustconfirmarto confirmconfirmar un billeteto validate a ticketconocerto know (be familiar with)conocer a alguiento meet someoneconseguirto get hold ofcontactarto contactcontaminarto pollute; to contaminatecontarto countcontarto tell, to recountcontestarto answercontestar/responderto answer/to replycontinuarto continuecontinuar con, seguirto carry onconvertirse ento becomecopiarto copycopiarto copycorregirto correctcorrerto runcortar/para cortar (teléfono)to cut off (phone)cortarse el peloto have one’s hair cutcostarto costcrearto createcrecerto growcreerto believecruzar, atravesarto crosscuidarto care for, to look aftercultivarto grow, cultivatedarto givedar de comerto feeddar un paseoto go for a walk/strolldar una vueltato go for a walk/strollpasearto go for a walk/strolldarse cuenta deto realisedarse prisato hurrydeber/tener queto have to; mustdecepcionarto disappointdecidirto decidedecirto say; to telldejarto leave (an object), to allowdejarto drop a subjectdejar de hacer algoto stop doing somethingdescansarto relaxdesayunarto have breakfastdescargar (música)to download (music)descolgar (el teléfono)to lift the receiverdescribirto describedesearto wishdespedirto dismissdespedirseto say goodbyedespegarto take off (plane)despejarse, mejorarto brighten updibujarto drawdise?arto designdirigirto manage, to run, to directdirigirse a, solicitar, aplicarto applydiscutirto arguediscutir, re?ir, pelearseto argue, to quarreldisfrutarto enjoydispararto shootdivertirse, pasarlo biento enjoy oneselfdivorciarseto get divorceddolerto hurtdonarto donatedormirto sleepducharseto showerdudarto doubtdurarto lastecharto throwechar de menos, faltarto miss, be missingelegirto chooseembarcarto board, embark (on plane, boat)empezar/comenzarto start/to beginempujarto pushencenderto light, turn onencontrar(se)to find, to meetencontrarse, estar situado/situarseto be locatedenfadarseto get angryense?arto teachentenderto understandentrarto enterentregarto hand overentregar/hacer reparto(s)to deliverentrenarto trainentretenerto entertainenviar, mandarto sendequivocarseto make a mistakeestar equivocado/ato be wrongescalar monta?asto climb mountainsescapar(se)to escapeescogerto choose, selectescribirto writeescribir a máquinato typeescribir, deletrearto spellescucharto listenesperarto hopeesperarto wait forespero queI hope thatesquiarto skiestar a punto de (hacer)to be about to (do)estar a favor deto be in favour ofestar en contra deto be againstestar de acuerdoto agreeestar agradecidoto be gratefulestar cancelado/ato be cancelled (lessons)estar castigadoto have a detentioncastigarto punishestar de acuerdo (con algo)to agree (with something)estar de buen/mal humorto be in a good / bad moodestar harto deto be fed up ofestar resfriado/constipadoto have a coldestar situado/ato be situatedestudiarto studyevitarto avoidexperimentarto experienceexplicarto explainfabricarto make, producefallar, fracasarto go wrong/to failfaltarto lackfelicitarto congratulatefirmarto signfregar (los platos)to do the washing upfrenarto braketo failfracasarfumarto smokefuncionarto work (i.e. to function)funcionarto function, to workganarto win / to earnganarse la vidato earn a livinggarantizarto guaranteegastarto spend (money)granizarto hailgustar (a)to please; be pleasing togustar (a), encantar (a)to like/to love (to be pleasing to)haberto have (auxiliary verb)hablarto speak, to talkhablar deto talk abouthacerto make / to dohacer de canguroto babysithacer deporteto do sporthacer ejercicioto exercisehacer faltato needhacer gimnasiato do gymnasticshacer novillosto skive/to skip/bunk lessonshacer transbordoto change (trains etc)hacer un cursoto do a coursehacer un examento sit an examhacer una preguntato ask a questionhacer velato sailhacer/deshacer la maletato pack/unpack (cases)helarto freezeimaginar(se)to imagineimpactarto impact informarto informintentar, tratar de to tryintercambiarto swapinteresarse ento be interested inintroducirto introduceinvestigarto researchinvitarto inviteinvitarto inviteirto goir a la bolerato go bowling (tenpin)ir de caminata/hacer excursionismoto hike, rambleir de comprasto go shoppingir de paseoto go for a walk/strolljugarto play (game, sport)juntarse, encontrar, conocerto meetlavar(se)to wash (oneself)leerto readlevantarseto get uplimpiar?llamarto callllamar (a la puerta), golpearto knock, hitllamar (por teléfono)/sonarto ringllamarseto be calledllegarto arrivellenarto fillllenar, rellenarto fill outllevarto carry/to wearllevarse bien conto get on well withllevarse mal conto get on badly withllorarto crylloverto rainlloverto rainlograr, triunfarto succeedluchar contrato fight againstmaltratarto mistreat, abuseel maltratoabusemandarto order, instructmandar, enviarto sendmantener el contactoto stay in contactmaquillarseto put on make upmaquillarse, pintarseto put on makeupmarcar un golto score a goalmarcar un número (para mensajes)to dial the number (to messages)marcharseto leave/go awaymedirto measuremirarto watch, lookmejorarto improvemerecerto deservemolestar, irritar, fastidiarto annoymonopatinarto skateboardmontarto set up, create / to ridemontar a caballoto ride a horsemorirto diemorirto diemostrar/ense?arto shownacerto be bornnadarto swimnavegar en Internetto surf the internetnecesitarto neednevarto snownotar, darse cuentato noteodiar/detestarto hateofrecerto offerofrecer/dar (regalos)/regalarto give (presents)oírto hearolerto smellolvidarto forgetopinarto think, to give an opinionorganizarto organisepagarto paypagarto payparar(se)to stopparecerto seemparecerto look (e.g. angry/happy etc)parecerse ato look like, to resemblepasarto pass by/to gopasarto spend (time)pasar la aspiradorato do the vacuum cleaningpasearse, ir de paseo, dar un paseoto go for a walkpatinarto skatepatinar sobre ruedasto roller-skatepedirto ask forpedir (comida en el restaurante)to orderpedir prestadoto borrowpegarto stickpeinarseto have one's hair donepensar, creerto think, believeperderto loseperderto miss (train, bus etc)perdonarto forgivepermitirto allowpesarto weightpescar/ir de pescato fish/go fishingplancharto ironpoder, ser capaz deto be able toponerto putponer la mesato lay the tableponerse de acuerdoto agreepracticarto practisepreferirto preferpreguntarto ask (a question)preocuparseto worrypresentarto present/to introduce (someone)presentarse uno mismoto introduce oneselfprestarto lendprestar atención, tener cuidadoto pay attention, to be carefulprevenirto prevent, to warnprohibirto banprometerto promiseprometerseto get engagedpronunciarto pronounceprotegerto protectprotegerto protectquedarto remain / to stayquedarseto stay/to remainquejarseto complainquemarto burnquererto wantquerer, amarto lovequerer decirto meanquitar la mesato clear the tablerecaudarto gather, collectrecibir, acogerto receive, to be host toreciclarto recyclerecomendarto recommendreembolsarto refundreemplazarto replacereflejarto reflectreírto laughrellenar (una ficha)to fill out (a form)rellenar un formularioto fill in a formrepararto repairrepasarto reviserepetirto repeatrepetir (un a?o)to repeat a yearreponerto put backreservarto reserve/ to bookrespetarto respectresponderto reply, to answerrobarto stealromperto breakromper conto break up withsaberto know (a fact)sacarto getsacar (buenas) notasto get (good) markssacar a pasear (el perro)to take out for a walk (dog)sacar buenas notasto get good gradessacar entradasto buy tickets (for a show)sacar fotosto take photographssacar malas notasto get bad gradessalirto leave, to depart; go outsaltarto jumpsalvarto saveseguirto follow; carry onsentarseto sit downsentir(se)to feelsentir, lamentarto be sorrysepararto sort/separate (e.g. rubbish)ser (permanent), estar (temporary)to beser miembro deto be a member ofservirto servesobrevivirto survivesolicitar un puesto de trabajoto apply for a jobsonreírto smilesubirto climb/ to go upsubirto go up; get onto (bus,train)sufrirto suffersuspender (un examen)to fail (an exam)telefonearto phonetenerto havetener calor/fríoto be hot/coldtener cuidadoto be carefultener éxitoto be successfultener ganas deto be keen totener hambreto be hungrytener hijosto have kidstener lugarto take placetener prisato be in a hurrytener que + infinitiveto have to + verbtener razónto be righttener sedto be thirstytener sue?oto be sleepy, tiredtener suerteto be luckyterminarto endtirarto pull / to throwtocarto play (musical instrument) / to touchtomarto taketomar el solto sunbathebroncearseto sunbathetomar parte/participar (en algo)to take part (in)torcerto twist, to turntrabajarto worktrabajar duro/muchoto work hardtraducirto translatetraerto bringtratarto treattratar de to try to usar, utilizarto usevalerto be worth / to costvaler la penato be worth the effortvalorarto valuevenderto sellvenirto comeverto seevestirseto get dressedviajarto travelvisitarto visitvivirto livevolverto returnvolverseto becomeHigher level verbsFollowing is a list of some of the verbs that most commonly are followed directly by an infinitive.acabar de + infinitive (to have just + verb…..)Acabo de volver de mis vacaciones. (I have just returned from my holidays.)aceptar (to accept)Nunca aceptará ir a los Estados Unidos. (He will never accept going to the United States.)acordar (to agree) Acordamos darle cincuenta euros. (We agreed to give him fifty euros.)amenazar (to threaten)Amenaza destruir la casa. (He threats to destroy the house.)anhelar (to yearn, to long for)Anhela comprar el coche. (She yearns to buy the car.)asegurar (to assure, to affirm)Aseguro no saber nada. (I affirm I know nothing.)buscar (to seek, to look for)Busco ganar experiencia en este campo. (I am looking to gain experience in this field.)deber (ought to, should)Para aprender, debes salir de tu zona de comodidad. (In order to learn, you ought to leave your comfort zone.)decidir (to decide)Decidió nadar hasta la otra orilla. (She decided to swim to the other shore.)demostrar (to demonstrate, to show)Roberto demuestra saber conducir. (Roberto shows he knows how to drive.)desear, querer (to want, to desire)Quiero/deseo escribir un libro. (I want to write a book.)esperar (to wait for / to hope for, to expect)Yo no esperaba tener el coche. (I was not expecting to have the car.)intentar (to try)Siempre intento jugar lo mejor posible. (I always try to play my best possible.)lograr (to succeed in)No logra estudiar bien. (He does not succeed in studying well.)negar (to deny)No niego haber tenido suerte. (I do not deny having been lucky.)olvidar (to forget)He olvidado traer el dinero. (I have forgotten to bring the money.)pensar (to think / to plan)Pienso hacerlo. (I plan to do it.)poder (to be able, can)No puedo dormir. (I can't sleep.)reconocer (to acknowledge)Reconozco haber mentido. (I admit having lied.)recordar (to remember)No recuerda haber bebido. (He doesn't remember having drunk.)soler (to normally do something)Pedro suele mentir. (Pedro normally lies.)temer (to fear)Teme nadar. (She is afraid of swimming.)volver a + infinitive (to + verb again)Volvemos a ver la película porque nos gustó tanto. (We are seeing the film again because we liked it so much.)ESSENTIAL TENSE FORMATION PRESENTPASTFUTUREVisito = I visitVisité = I visitedVisitaré = I will visitGano = I earnGané = I earnedGanaré = I will earnOlvido = I forgetOlvidé = I forgotOlvidaré = I will forgetESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS tiempo libre = free timelibre = free, unoccupiedgratuito = free (no money)ESSENTIAL ADJECTIVESactivo/aactivetodo/aallsolo/aalone/lonelyenfadado/aangryhorribleawfulprecioso/a, hermoso/abeautifulgrandebigaburrido/aboringvalientebravebrevebriefbrillantebrilliantroto/abrokencasta?ochestnut brownlimpio/acleancercano/aclosecerrado/aclosedcómodo/acomfortableguaycool, greatdelicioso/a, rico/adeliciousdifícildifficultdistintodifferentdiferentedifferentdecepcionantedisappointingsucio/adirtyasqueroso/adisgustingdinámico/adynamicfácileasyentusiasmado/aexcitedemocionanteexcitingfalso/afalsementiraa liementiroso/afalsementirto lierápido/afast/quickgordo/afatfavorito/a, preferido/afavouriteflexibleflexibleantiguo/aformer, antique, oldgratis, gratuito/afree (no cost)librefreelleno/afulldivertido/afunny/entertaining/ amusingentretenido/afunny/entertaining/ amusingbueno/agoodagradecido/agratefulestupendo/a, fantástico/agreatgrangreatformidablegreat, marvellousguapo/ahandsome/pretty/charmingalegrehappy/cheerfulduro/ahardtrabajador/ahardworkingsano/ahealthypesado/aheavyalto/ahigh/ tallcalientehotaislado/aisolatedde buen humorin a good moodsimpático/akindúltimo/alast/ latestperezoso/alazyligero/alightanimado/alivelylocallocalcerrado/a con llavelockedlargo/alongperdido/alostmagnífico/amagnificentmaravilloso/amarvellousmaduro/amaturetravieso/anaughtynecesario/anecessarynuevo/anewpróximo/anextruidoso/anoisynumeroso/anumerousviejo/aoldúnico/aonlyabierto/aopencerrado/aclosedotro/aotherlos demásthe otherspropio/aownperfecto/aperfectlisto/areadyverdadero/arealresponsableresponsiblerico/arichredondo/aroundpodrido/arottenmismo/asamesatisfecho/asatisfiedsensacionalsensationalserio/aseriouscorto/ashorttímido/ashysilencioso/asilenttonto/a, estúpido/asilly, stupid peque?o/asmallbuscado/asought aftercuadrado/asquared, squareestricto/a, severo/astrict, severefuertestrongdulcesweetdelgado/athingruesothick (i.e. not thin)cansado/atiredcansado/atiringcasado/amarriedjunto/atogethertradicionaltraditionalfeo/auglyincreíbleunbelievableantipático/aunpleasantútilusefulválido/avalidvalioso/a, de (gran) valorvaluabledébilweakancho/awidesabio/awisejovenyoungSCHOOLense?ar= to educateel colegio= schoolel instituto= schoolun colegio mixto= a mixed school (i.e. boys + girls)una escuela= a (primary) schoolun parvulario= a nursery schoolun internado= a boarding schooluna academia= an academy, post-16 school una universidad= a universityun título= a degree AND titleuna licenciatura= a degreelas perspectivas= prospectsbuenas prospectivas= good prospectsla primaria y la secundaria= primary and secondaryel profesor / la profesora= the teacherel director / la directora= the headteacherel (la) alumno(a)= the pupilel (la)estudiante= the studentel orientador / la orientadora= the careers advisor el / la conserje= the caretaker SUBJECTSlas asignaturas= subjectsuna asignatura obligatoira= a compulsory subjectel comercio= businesslas empresariales= business studiesuna empresa= a businesslas ciencias= the sciencesla biología= biologyla física= physicsla química= chemistryel dibujo = artel alemán= Germanel espa?ol= Spanishel castellano= Spanishel francés= Frenchel inglés= Englishel bengalí= Bengalilos idiomas= languageslas lenguas= languagesla cocina= food technologyel comercio= businessla educación física= physical educationla geografía= geographyla gimnasia= PEla historia= historyla informática= ICTla literatura= litteraturelas matemáticas= mathsla religión= REla tecnología de dise?o= D&Tel dise?o= designel teatro= dramael arte dramático= dramalos trabajos manuales= D&Tel coro= the choiruna asignatura obligatoria= a compulsory subjectuna asignatura optativa= an optionuna materia= a school subjectoptar= to optel bachillerato= equivalent of an A-level courseel curso= course / school yearla ayuda= helpayudar= to helpleer= to readla lectura= reading3873517841700OPINIONSMi asignatura preferida es...= My favourite subject is ….porque es.../son= because it is …… / they areSoy flojo en= I’m weak inSoy fuerte en= I’m good atMe aburre(n)= it/he/she (they) bores(s) meMe molesta(n)= it/he/she (they) irritate(s) meMe chifla(n)= I likeMe da(n) igual= I don’t mindMe interesa(n)= It (They) interest(s) meMe molesta(n)= it (they) annoy meEstoy de acuerdo= I agreeNo estoy de acuerdo con= I do not agree withcreo que = I think thates/son = is / areaburrido= boring, dullagradable= nice, pleasantalegre= happyantiguo= oldbarato= cheapbello= beautifulla belleza= beautybonito= prettybueno = nice, goodbuenísimo = very goodcaro= expensivecomún= commondesagradable= unpleasantdifícil= difficultdivertido= funduro= hardeconómico= cheapemocionante= excitingencantador= delightfulentretenido= entertainingespléndido= splendidestresado= stressedestresante= stressfulestupendo= great, brilliantestúpido= stupidextraordinario= extraordinaryfácil= easyfamoso= famousfascinante= fascinatingfatal= awfulfenomenal= great, phenomenalfeo= uglyfavorito = favouritefuerte= stronggenial= greatgratis= free (of charge)guapo/a= handsome, good-lookingguay= brillianthermoso= beautiful, handsomeimpresionante= impressiveincreíble= incredibleincómodo= uncomfortableinteresante= interesting inútil= uselessmal= bad / badlymalo= badmaravilloso= marvellous, greatmejor = better / bestnuevo= newobligatorio= compulsoryorgulloso= proudpeor= worsepesado= annoyingprecioso= lovelypronto= soonraro= strangeregular= averageridículo= ridiculousseguro= safe / suresencillo= simple, easysobresaliente= excellent (for school work)típico= typicaltonto= stupidtrabajador= hard-workingtriste= sadtranquilo= quietúnico= uniqueútil= usefulviejo= old-ísimo= on the end of an adjective this means “very”buenísimo= very goodmalísimo= very badmuy= verybastante= quitemás= moremenos= lesspoco= un-, notpoco gracioso= not funnypoco interesante= uninteresting, not interestingun poco= a bitun poco más= a bit moretan ….. como …..= as ….. as ….tanto ….. como …..= as much ……. as ……..NEGATIVESnunca= neverjamás= nevertampoco (they use this one a lot in the exams)= neither, norya no= no longernadie= no one, nobodynada= nothingni …. ni ….= neither ….. nor …..ningún(o)/a/os/as= none, not anyno tengo ningún dinero= I do not have any moneysino= but, exceptSchool equipmentuna agenda= a diarylos apuntes= notesel bolígrafo= the penel estuche= pencil casela calculadora= the calculatorel cuaderno= the exercise bookel diccionario= the dictionary una palabra= a worduna goma= a rubberel lápiz= the pencil sharpenerun libro= a bookuna mesa= a table, deskuna mochila= a rucksack, baguna cartera= school bagel ordenador= the computerel papel= the paperel pegamento= gluelas tijeras= scissorsel portátil= the laptopla pizarra= the boarduna regla= the ruleruna silla= a chairlos deberes= homeworkExpressions of timemi horario= my timetableel día escolar= the school dayun día festivo = a bank holiday, day offel recreo= breaklas vacaciones de Semana Santa= the Easter holidayslas vacaciones de Navidad= the Christmas holidayslas vacaciones de verano= the summer holidayslas vacaciones de invierno= the winter holidaysel trimestre= the termla ma?ana= THE morningma?ana= tomorrowla tarde= the afternoon / eveningtarde= latela noche= the nightde momento= at the momentoTimela hora= the time / the hourmedia hora= half an hourmedianoche= midnightmediodía= middayes la una= it’s one o’clockson las dos= it’s two o’clockson las tres= it’s three o’clocka la una = at one c’clocka las dos= at two o’clockmenos cuarto= quarter tomenos diez / y diez= ten to / ten pastson las dos menos cinco= it is five to twoson las dos y cinco= it is five past twoun minuto= a minuteun segundo= a secondy cuarto= quarter pasty media= half pastde la tarde= in the afternoon / eveningde la ma?ana= in the morningausente= absentpresente= presentestá enfermo/a= he / she is illlas clases empiezan a= lessons start atlas clases terminan a= lessons end atel recreo= breakThe seasonsuna estación= a season (also means “station”)la primavera= the springel verano= the summerel oto?o= the autumnel invierno= the winterMonths of the yearlos meses del a?o= the months of the yearTime of dayla ma?ana= THE morningma?ana= tomorrowla tarde= the afternoon / eveningtarde= latela noche= the nightSCHOOL FACILITIES + othersel aula= the classroomla biblioteca= the libraryel campo de deportes= the sports fieldel comedor= the canteen, cafeteriala cantina= the canteen, cafeteriahay una variedad de platos= there is a varierty of meals / disheshay poca variedad de platos= there is little varierty of meals / dishesuna clase= a class, lessonuna clase de apoyo= a support lessonapoyar= to supportel edificio= the buildingel edificio es de tres plantas= it is a three-floor buildingel despacho= the officela oficina= the officeel gimnasio= the gymla piscina= the swimming pooluna pizarra interactiva= an interactive whiteboardla pizarra= the boardel polideportivo= the sports halllas instalaciones= the facilitiesinstalaciones nuevas= new facilitiesel laboratorio= the label ordenador= the computerla informática = ICT el patio= the playgroundla pizarra= the boardel recreo= breakel descanso= breakel pupitre= the deskel pasillo= the corridorel corredor= the corridorel vestíbulo= the entrance hall, lobby, foyerlas pistas de tenis= the tennis courtsla pista de patinaje= the iceskating rinkla pista de esquí= the ski slope, the ski pistela sala de informática= the ICT roomla sala de profesores= the staffroomel salón de actos= the halllos vestuarios= the changing roomsun ambiente feliz= a happy atmospherela calma= calmla paz= peaceel comportamiento= the behaviour comportarse= to behaveregular= averagesobresaliente= excellentla vuelta al cole= the return to school, back to schoolel regreso al cole= the return to school, back to schoolel a?o escolar= the school yearel a?o siete= Year 7el a?o ocho= Year 8el a?o nueve= Year 9el a?o diez= Year 10el a?o once= Year 11TEACHERS/STUDENTSme llevo bien con= I get on well withme llevo mal con= I ge ton badly withdar malas notas= to give bad gradessacar buenas notas= to get good gradesel castigo= punishmentcastigar= to punishuna pérdida de tiempo= a waste of timeperder= to lose OR to miss (a bus, etc.)un equipo= a teamel consejo= adviceel estrés= stressel éxito= successla libertad= freedomlibre= free (i.e. not occupied)gratis OR gratuito= free (i.e. no cost)el fracaso= failureresponder= to answercontestar= to answeruna respuesta= an answerentender= to understandcomprender= to understandpreguntar= to ask a questionuna pregunta= a questioncorregir= to correctense?ar= to teachla ense?anza= teaching, educationasistir al colegio= to attend schoolseguir con los estudios= to continue with studiesel esfuerzo= effortesforzarse= to make an effortatento= attentivedesobediente= naughty, badly behavedestricto/a= strictinsolente= rude, cheekysevero/a= strictserio= seriousfuerte= strong AND good at (subject)flojo/a= weakfatal= awful, terriblejusto/a= fairunjusto/a= unfairtrabajador/a= hardworkingexitoso= successfuldotado/a= giftedEXAMSel bachillerato= Spanish A levels el bachillerato elemental= Spanish GCSEs aprobar un exámen= to pass an examsuspender un exámen= to fail an exampasar un exámen= to take an exam (NOT pass an exam)repasar= to reviserepetir un a?o= to repeat a yearuna prueba= a testuna evaluación= a testun reportaje= a reportel fracaso= failurela presión= pressureel estrés= stressedestar estresado/a= to be stressedsacar buenas notas= to get good gradessacar malas notas= to get bad gradestener éxito= to have success, be successfulla ambición= ambitionambicioso/a= ambitiousun sue?o= a dreamlas notas= gradeslos resultados= the resultscontestar= to answerayudar= to helpllenar= to fill outoptativo= optonalobligatorio= compulsoryriguroso= rigorousRULESlas reglas del colegio= the school rulesel comportamiento= behaviourno se permite ….= you are not allowed …(no) es obligatorio ….= it is (not) compulsory ….la libertad= freedomlos derechos= rightsel silencio= silencecopiar= to copydejar= to drop, give updeletrear= to spellsubrayar= to underlinetraducir= to translateuna traducción= a translation explicar= to explainseguir= to continue, carry onmejorar= to improveempeorar= to get worsecambiar= to changeascender= to move upsubir= to go uphacer novillos= to bunk lessons, skip lessonsgolpear= to hitNo se permite el chicle= Chewing gum is not allowedNo se permite el acoso escolar= Bullying is not allowedla intimidación= bullyingEstá prohibido llevar maquillaje.= It is prohibited to wear makeupEstá prohibido llevar joyas= It is prohibited to wear jewellery No se permite usar el móvil = It is not permitted to use your mobileNo se permite comer chicle= It is not permitted to eat gum Se debe llegar a tiempo = You must arrive on timegritar en la biblioteca= to shout in the libraryright1016000ESSENTIAL WORDSapellido = surname nombre = namenúmero = numberedad = agedirección = addresscasado = marriedsoltero = singleestado civil = marital statusJOBSun empleo / un trabajo= a joba tiempo completo= full-timea tiempo parcial= part-timepor hora= per hourel paro= unemploymentun/a parado/a= an unemplyed personel desempleo= unemploymentun/a desempleado/a= an unemplyed personun/a colega (ends in -a for masc+ fem)= a colleaguela caridad= charityuna empresa= a businessganar un sueldo= to earn a salaryahorrar= to saveperder el trabajo= to lose workestar en huelga= to be on strikeprobar= to try, have a gorellenar= to fill in, completesolicitar un puesto de trabajo= to apply for a jobentrevistar= to interviewuna entrevista= an interviewel actor / la actriz= actor/actressel alba?il / la alba?ila= the builderel abogado / la abogada= lawyerel agricultor / la agricultora= fameramo de casa / ama de casa= househusband/wifeel / la aprendiz= apprenticeun aprendizaje= an apprenticeshipel azafato / la azafata= air steward, flight attendantel bombero / la bombera= fire fighterel / la cajero/a= cashierel camarero / la camarera= waiter/waitressel camionero / la camionera= lorry driverel cajero / la cajera= cashierla caja= the cash deskel carpintero / la carpintera= carpenterel carnicero / la carnicera= butcherel cartero / la cartera= post office workerel cocinero / la cocinera= cookel comerciante / la comerciante= shopkeeperel conductor / la conductora= driverel contable / la contable= accountantel dependiente / la dependienta= shop assistantel director / la directora= managerel gerente / la gerente= managerel dise?ador / la dise?adora= designerel ejecutivo / la ejecutiva= executiveel empleado / la empleada= employeeel enfermero / la enfermera= nurseel escritor / la escritora= writerel farmaceútico / la farmaceútica= pharmacist el fontanero / la fontanera= plumberel funcionario / la funcionaria= a civil servantel granjero / la granjera= farmer el informático / la informática= computer scientistel ingeniero / la ingeniera= engineerel investigador / la investigadora= researcherel jardinero / la jardinera= gardenerel jefe / la jefa= the bossel juez / la juez= judgeel mecánico / la mecánica= mechanicel militar / la militar= the soldier, army employeeel músico / la música= musicianel obrero la obrera= laborerel panadero / la panadera= bakerel peluquero / la peluquera= hairdresser / barberel pintor / la pintora= painterel profesor / la profesora= teacherel médico / la médica= doctorel hombre de negocios= business manla mujer de negocios= business womanel periodista / la periodista= journalistel periodismo= journalismel pintor / la pintora= painterel recepcionista / la recepcionista= receptionistel / la representante de ventas= sales representativeel soldado / la soldada= soldierel ejército= the armyel torero / la torera= bullfighterel traje de luces= bullfighter’s suit (suit of lights)el traductor / la traductora= translatorel veterinario / la veterinaria= vetbuscar trabajo= to look for workencontrar trabajo= to find workun empleo variado= a varied jobbien pagado= well paidmal pagado= badly paiduna entrevista= an interviewentrevistar= to interviewun contrato = a contractun sello= a stamp (to send a letter)un sobre= an envelope una solicitud de trabajo= a job applicationla formación (professional)= trainingganar dinero= to earn moneyel sueldo= wageel salario= wage, salaryuna ventaja= an advantageuna desventaja= a disadvantageel encargado= person in chargeencargarse (de)= to be in charge (of)AFTER THE EXAMSVoy a = I am goingQuiero = I want Quisiera = I would likeMe gustaría = I would likeEspero = I hope tocasarse= to get marrieduna boda= a weddingel matrimonio= marriageuna madre soltera= a single mothercriar a mis hijos= to bring up my childrenbuscar un empleo= to look for a jobcomenzar = to startdescansar= to relaxdormir = to sleepencontrar = to findestudiar = to studyir a la universidad= to go to universityestudiar derecho= to study lawjubilar(se)= to retiremaquillarse = to put make up on (yourself)no hacer nada= to do nothingtomar(se) un a?o libre= to take a year offver = to seeviajar = to travelvisitar = to visitComparisonmás ….. que ….= more … than ….menos…. que ….= less ….. than ….tan ….. como …..= as …… as …..tanto/a(s) ….. como ….= as much / many …. as ……mejor= betterpeor= worsebastante= quitedemasiado= too / too muchFrequencycada día= each daya menudo = oftena veces = sometimesahora = nowanoche = last nightantes = beforeayer = yesterdayanteayer= the day before yesterdaycada (x) días/ horas = every (x) dayscasi= almostde vez en cuando = from time to timedespués = afterel día siguiente= the following dayla semana siguiente= the following weekel a?o siguiente= the following yeardurante = duringesta noche = tonightel fin de semana = the weekendhace (+ time)= (time) agohoy = todaylento= slowdespacio= slowlyma?ana= tomorrownormalmente = normallynunca = nevercasi nunca= almost neverotra vez = againde nuevo= againde repente= suddenlyde momento= at the momento, nowpocas veces = few times, not oftenraramente = rarely, not oftenel pasado= the pastpasado= lastel a?o pasado = last yearpasado ma?ana= the day after tomorrowpor a?o, etc.= per year, etcpor lo general = generallygeneralmente= generallypronto = soonrápido = fastrápidamente= quicklylento= slowlentamente= slowlydespacio= slowlyun rato= a whilereciente(mente) = recent(ly)siempre = alwayssiguiente= next, comingel mes siguiente= next month, the coming monthpróximo= nextel mes próximo= next monthsolamente = onlysólo = onlytiempo= timemucho tiempo= a lot of timetarde= lateLA tarde= THE afternoon / eveningtemprano= earlytodas las (semanas)= every (week)todavía = stilltodos los (días) = every (day)últimamente = recentlyuna vez = once (one time)dos veces … etc= twice (two times, etc)Prepositionsalrededor deaproximadamenteaboutencima deabovesegúnaccording todespuésaftercontraagainstentreamongen (casa de)at (someone’s house)al final deat the end ofaat, toa causa debecause ofantesbeforedetrásbehindentrebetweenduranteduringpor todas parteseverywheresalvo, exceptoexceptlejos (de)far (from)parafor, in order todedesdefromdesdesincedesde hacefordesde hace muchos a?osfor many yearsendentro deindelante dein front ofdentro (de)insideduranteduringcerca denearal lado denext tosobreenonen la esquina deon the corner ofenfrente deoppositefuera deoutside/out ofpora través dethroughhaciatowardsbajodebajo deunderhastauntilconwithsinwithoutFood, drink + daily lifea punto (un filete) medium (steak)aceite (m)oilagua (m)wateragua mineral (f)mineral waterahumado/asmokedajo (m)garlicalbaricoque (m)apricotalbóndiga (f)meatballalcachofa (f)artichokeali?o para ensalada (m)salad dressingalmuerzo (m)lunchalubia (f), judía (f)beanamargo/abitteraperitivo (m)drink before mealapetito (m)appetiteapetitoso/aappetizingarroz (m)riceasado/aroast (meat)atender una mesa, servir a la mesato wait at table, to serveatún (m)tunaautoservicio (m)self-serviceazúcar (m)sugarbandeja (f)traybar (m), cafetería (f)snack barbarra (de pan) (f)loafbeberto drinkbebida (f)drinkbien cocido/a, muy hechowell-cookedbistec (m), filete (m)steakbotella (f)bottlebrocheta (f), pincho (m)kebabbuen provecho!enjoy your meal!cacao (m)cocoacafé (m)coffeecafetería (f)cafécamarero (m), camarera (f)waiter/waitresscaramelo (m)sweet (noun)carne (f)meatcarne de vaca (f)beefcarne fría cortada en lonchas (f)cold sliced meat (e.g. salami)carne picada (f)mincecebolla (f)onioncena (f)evening meal, dinner, suppercerdo (m)porkcereales (mpl)cerealscereza (f)cherrycerrado/a (los lunes)closed (on Mondays)cerveza (f)beercerveza de barril (f)beer (from the pump)champán (m)champagnechocolate (m)chocolatechocolate caliente (m)hot chocolatechuleta (f)chop (e.g. pork/lamb)ciruela (f)plumcliente (m)customercocido/a, hervido/acooked, boiledcocinado/a, cido/a al vaporsteamed (boiled)col (f)cabbagecoles de Bruselas (fpl)brussels sproutscoliflor (f)cauliflowercomedor (m)dining roomcomerto eatcomida (f)foodcomida (f)mealcomida precocinada/ya hecha (f)prepared food/ready mealcompra de comestibles (f)food shoppingcordero (m)lambcrudo/arawcubierto (m)place setting (sometimes charged)cuchara (f)spooncucharita (f), cucharadita (f)teaspooncuchillo (m)knifecuenta (f)billdelicioso/adeliciousdesayuno (m)breakfastdía de descanso (m)rest day, day offdinero (m)moneydulcesweetelección (f), opción (f)choiceentrada (f)starterespaguetis (mpl)spaghettiespecialidad (f)specialityespinacas (fpl)spinacheuro (m)eurofideos (mpl)noodlesfilete (m), bistec (m)steakframbuesa (f)raspberryfresa (f)strawberryfruta (f)fruitgalleta (f)biscuitganso (m)gooseguisantes (mpl)peashamburguesa (f)hamburgerhecho/a en casahomemadeheladería (f)ice cream parlourhelado (m)ice creamhipermercado (m)hypermarkethuevo (m)egghuevo frito (m)fried egghuevo pasado por agua (m)boiled egg; hard-boiled egghuevos revueltos (mpl)scrambled eggjamón (m)hamjudías verdes (fpl)green beansleche (f)milkleche (semi)desnatada (f)(semi-)skimmed milkleche entera (f)full fat milklechuga (f)lettucelechuga (f), ensalada (f)lettuce, saladlimón (m)lemonlimonada (f)lemonadelleno/afullvacío/aemptymantel (m)table clothmantequilla (m)buttermanzana (f)applemargarina (f)margarinemariscos (m, pl)sea foodmelocotón (m)peachmelón (m)melonmenú (m), carta (f)menumenú a precio fijo (m)fixed price menumenú del día (m)menu of the daymenú del día (m)set mealmerienda (f)snackmerienda (f)snackmermelada (f)jammesa (f)tablemiel (f)honeymixto/amixedmostaza (f)mustardnaranja (f)orangenata (f), crema (f)creamnuez (f)nut, walnutpagarto paypan (m)breadpanecillo (m)roll (bread)paquete (m)packetpasta (f)pastapasta (f)pastapastel (m)cakepastelitos (mpl)pastriespatata (f)potatopatatas fritas (fpl)chipspatatas fritas (fpl)crispspaté (m)p?tépaté (m)p?tépato (m)duckpavo (m)turkeypedirto orderpedir, preguntarto askpepino (m)cucumberpepino (m)cucumberpera (f)pearpescado (m)fishpicantespicypimienta (f)pepperpimiento (m)pepper (vegetable)pi?a (f)pineapplepistacho (m)pistachiopizza (f)pizzapizzería (f)pizzeria, pizza restaurantplátano (m)bananaplatillo (m)saucerplato (m)plateplato del día (m)dish of the dayplato principal (m)main coursepoco hechorare (steak)pollo (m)chickenpomelo (m)grapefruitporción (f), ración (f)portionposada (f)Inn (traditional)postre (m)dessertpropina (f)tip (money)puerros (m, pl)leeksqueso (m)cheesequeso de cabra (m)goat’s cheeserábano (m)radishrebanada (f), loncha (f)slicerefrescos (m, pl)refreshmentsrestaurante (m)restaurantsabroso/atastysal (f)saltsalado/asalty/savourysalchicha (f)sausagesalmón (m)salmonsalón de té (m)tea roomsalsa (f)gravy, saucesándwich (m), bocadillo (m)sandwichservicio (m)serviceservilleta (f)napkinservirto serveseta (f), champi?on (m)mushroomsidra (f)cidersopa (f)souptarro (m)jartarta (f)tarttarta de frutas (f)fruit pietaza (f)cupté (m)teatenedor (m)forkternera (f)vealtisana (f)fruit/herbal teatomate (m)tomatotortilla (f)omelettetrucha (f)troutuvas (fpl)grapesvainilla (f)vanillavaso (m)glassvegetariano/avegetarianverdura (f)vegetablevinagre (m)vinegarvino (m)wineyogur (m)yoghurtzanahoria (f)carrotzumo (m)juicezumo de fruta (m)fruit juicebeber = to drinkcomer = to eatcenar = to have dinnercocinar = to cookdesayunar = to have breakfastpreparar = to prepare, maketener hambre = to be hungry (to have hunger)tener sed = to be thirsty (to have thirst)tomar = to have / to take (food/drink)el aceite = oilel aceite de oliva = olive oiluna aceituna= an oliveel agua mineral = mineral wateragua mineral con gas= sparkling mineral wáteragua mineral sin gas = still mineral waterel ajo = garlicel arroz = ricearroz con leche =rice puddingasado = roastel pollo asado= roast chickenel atún= tunael azúcar= sugarel bacalao = cod (type of fish)una barra de pan = a loaf of breaduna bebida = a drinkel bistec = steakel bocadillo = sandwichun bombón = a sweetun café= a coffeeuna taza de café= a cup of coffeelos calamares = squidun caramelo = a sweetla carne = meatcarne de cerdo =porkcarne de cordero = lambcarne de ternera = vealcarne de vaca = beefuna cebolla = an onionlos cereales = cerealuna cerveza = a beerlos champi?ones = mushroomsel chocolate = chocolate / hot chocolateel chorizo = spicy sausage, salamiuna chuleta = a choplos churros = fritters (popular Spanish breakfast)la cocina = cooking, cuisinela cocina italiana = Italian cooking / cuisineuna col = cabbageuna coliflor = a cauliflowerla comida = foodla comida basura = junk foodla comida rápida = fast foodla comida italiana= Italian foodla comida china= Chinese foodla comida india= Indian foodel cordero= lambel desayuno = breakfastla ensalada = saladlos espaguetis = spaghettiun filete = a steakun flan = a crème caramella fresa = strawberryfrito = friedpatatas fritas = fries, chipsla fruta = fruituna galleta= a biscuitlas gambas = prawnsel gazpacho = gazpacho (Spanish cold soup)la grasa = greaselos guisantes = peasla hamburguesa = hamburgerel helado = ice creamhelado de fresa = strawberry ice cream un huevo = an eggel jamón = hamlas judías verdes = green beans, runner beansla fruta = fruitla galleta= biscuitla grasa= fatla hamburguesa = hamburgerel helado = ice creamla leche = milkuna lechuga = a lettucelas legumbres = vegetables (root vegetables e.g carrot, potato)un limón = a lemonla limonada = lemonadelos mariscos= seafoodla mermelada = jamla mantequilla = butteruna manzana = an appleun melocotón = a peachla merluza= hake (type of fish popular in Spain)una naranja= orangeuna naranjada = an orangeade la nata = creamla paella = paella (Spanish rice dish)el pan = breadla pasta= pastaun pastel = a cakeuna patata= a potatolas patatas fritas = chipsuna pera = a pearel perrito caliente = hot dogel pescado = fish (dead fish)un pez = fish (alive – e.g. a pet fish)la pimienta = pepper (i.e. like salt and pepper)un pimiento = a pepper (as in green or red peppers)una pi?a = a pineappleun plátano = a bananael pollo = chickenel pollo asado= roast chickenpicante = spicyel plato = dish, mealun plato vegetariano = a vegetarian dishel queso = cheeseun refresco= a soft drinkla sopa = soupla sal= saltsalado = saltyuna salchicha = sausageuna salsa= sauceuna sardina = a sardinelas tapas = “tapas”– small snacks you can ahce in Spanish barsla tarta = cake / tartuna taza de té = a cup of teatomar = to have (breakfast / food / drink)un tomate = a tomatola tortilla = omelette la tostada = toastuna uva = a grapeuna vaca= a cowcarne de vaca= beefla vainilla = vanillael vinagre = vinagrevino blanco = white winevino tinto = red winevegetariano/a = vegetarianlas verduras = green vegetablesel yogur = yoghurtel zumo (de naranja) = orange juiceuna zanahoria = a carrotMeals el desayuno = breakfastel almuerzo = lunchla comida = food / lunchla merienda = snackla cena = dinnercenar = to have dinnercomer = to eat / to have lunchla comida rápida = fast foodla comida basura= junk foodESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS me llamo = I’m calledse llama = she/he is called Illness / BodyTengo dolor de (pierna).= I have a pain in my (leg).Me duele= It hurtsuna enfermedad= an illnessenfermo/a= illla boca= mouthel brazo= armla cabeza= headuna calavera= a skullel corazón= the heartel cuello= necklos dientes= teeth(front)la espalda= backlas muelas= teeth (back)los músculos= the musclesla espalda= the backel estómago= stomachlos huesos= the bonesla garganta= throatuna lesión= an injuryla mano= handla nariz= noseel ojo= eyela oreja= (outer) earel oído= (inner) earla pierna= legel pie= footla piel= skinlos pulmones= the lungsel riesgo de lesiones= the risk of injuriesdeporte de riesgo= adventure sportla rodilla= kneela sangre= the bloodel tobillo= ankleMe siento mal= I feel bad.No me siento bien.= I don’t feel well.Estoy mejor.= I am better.Estoy bien.= I am well.Estoy muy enfermo/a.= I am very ill.estar en forma= to be fitmantenerse en forma= to keep fitencontrarse bien= to feel wellencontrarse mal= to feel badsano = healthypoco sano= unhealthysaludable= healthypoco saludable= unhealthymalsano = unhealthyuna vida = a lifeuna vida sana = a healthy life Tengo tos.= I have a cough.Tengo gripe.= I have flu.Tengo una insolación.= I have sunstroke.Tengo calor.= I am hot.Tengo frío.= I am cold.Tengo sue?o.= I am sleepy.Tengo hambre.= I am hungry.Tengo sed.= I am thirsty.Tengo diarrea.= I have diarrhoea.Tengo vómitos.= I feel sick.Tengo catarro.= I have a cold.Tengo fiebre.= I have a temperature.Me he cortado el dedo.= I have cut my finger.Me he torcido el tobillo.= I have twisted my ankle.Me he quemado la boca.= I have burnt my mouth.Me he roto la pierna.= I have broken my leg.alcohol and drugsel alcoholismo = alcoholismalcohólico/a = alcoholicun aviso= a warningavisar= to warnla ayuda = helpborracho/a = drunkun botellón= drinking party in the Street (popular amongst Spanish youth)la calle = streetcansado/a = tiredel cerebro= the brainla cerveza= beercomprar = to buylos consejos= adviceel crimen = crimeun testigo= a witnessel da?o= damage, harmda?ar= to damage, harmel dinero = moneyefectivo= cashen efectivo= in cashun esfuerzo= an effortesforzarse= to make an effortdistinto/a = differentel dolor = the painla droga = drugdrogarse= to take drugslas drogas blandas = soft drugslas drogas duras = hard drugsel/la drogadicto/a = drug addictel porro= joint, marijhuana emborracharse = to get drunkfuera de control= out of controlfumar= to smokeel tabaquismo= addiction to tobaccoel hígado= the liveroler a humo= to smell of smokeel humo= smokeevitar= to avoidrespirar= to breatheun problema respiratorio= a breathing problemla ley de tabaco= the smoking lawenfermo/a= ill, unwellla inyección = injectionlos jóvenes = young peoplela manera = waymejorar = to improvemorir= to diemuerto/a = deadmatar= to killvivo/a= alivela vida= lifevivir= to livenacer= to be bornobtener = to get / to obtainolvidar = to forgetpeor = worsela pérdida del apetito= loss of appetitela pérdida de la memoria= loss of memorypreocupar = to worryinquietar = to worryprovocar = to cause / to provokelos primeros auxilios= first aidla rehabilitación = rehabilitationseropositivo/a = HIV positiveel SIDA= AIDSsin techo = homelesssíndrome de abstinencia= withdrawal symptoms el sobrepeso= obesityla sociedad = societytener miedo = to be afraidtomar droga= to take drugsun tratamiento= a treatmentel vino = wineel vino blanco= white wine el vino tinto= red wine (you cannot say “vino rojo”)la violencia = violenceFree time (hacer) equitación (f)(to go) horse riding(marcar un) gol (m)(score a) goal(novela/película) de misterio/suspensothriller(película) del Oeste (f)Western (film)(película) dobladadubbed (film)(pelo) liso (m)straight (hair)?Feliz A?o Nuevo!Happy New Year!?Feliz cumplea?os!Happy birthday!actividad (f)activityajedrez (m)chessA?o Nuevo (m)New Yearárbitro/arefereeartes marciales (fpl)martial artsartículos deportivos (mpl)sports equipmentatletismo (m)athleticsaudencia (f), telespectador/a viewer/audienceauriculares (mpl)earphonesbádminton (m)badmintonbaile (m)dance/dancingbalón (m), pelota (f)ballbaloncesto (mbasketballbalonmano (m)handballbanda(f), grupo (m)band/groupbarco de vela (m), velero (m)sailing boatbatería (f)drumsbesar(to) kissbicicleta de monta?a (f)mountain bikeboda (f)weddingboda (f)marriage ceremony; weddingboxeo (m)boxingbricolaje (m)do it yourself; DIYcama elástica(f)/trampolín(m)trampoliningcámara(f), máquina fotográfica (f)cameracampeonato (m)championshipcampo de deportes (m)sports groundca?a de pescar (f)fishing rodcanal (m)TV channelcanción (f)songcantante (mf)singercarrera/s (f/fpl)race/racingcasamiento (m), matrimonio (m)marriageCD (m), disco compacto (m)CD (compact disc)celebración (f), fiesta (f)celebration, partyciclismo (m)cyclingclarinete (m)clarinetclásico/aclassical, classicclub (m)clubclub juvenil, de jóvenes (m)youth club (activity; place)club nocturno (m)nightclubcódigo postal (m)postcodecolección (f)collectioncoleccionarcollectcomedia (f)sitcomcomedia musical (m)musical comedy (a musical)compromiso (m), noviazgo(m)engagement (to be married)concierto (m)concertconcurso (m)competitionconocimiento (m)knowledgeconsola de juegos (f)games consoleCuaresma (f)Lent (period leading up to Easter)cuento de espías/de espionaje (m)spy storyculturismo (m), fisiculturismo (m)body buildingdeporte (m)sportdeportes extremos/de alto riesgo (mpl)extreme sportsdeportistasportydescanso (m), medio tiempo (m)half-timedía de la Madre (m)mothers’ daydibujo animado (m)cartoondinero de bolsillo (m)pocket moneydirección (f)addressdiscoteca (f)disco (place)documental (m)documentarydrama (m)drama (TV)entretenimiento (m)entertainmentEpifanía (f)twelfth night/Epiphany/6th Januaryequipo (m)equipmentequipo (m)teaméquipo de música (m)stereo system/music centreescalada (en roca) (f)(rock-)climbingescenario (m)stageesgrima (m)fencingespectáculo (m), programa (m)show (theatre etc); TV showesquí (m)skiingesquí acuático (m)water skiingfanático defanatical aboutflaco/a, delgado/athin (slim)flauta (f)fluteflauta dulce (f)recorder (instrument)fútbol (m)footballfunción (f)show, performancegato (m)catgimnasia (f)gymnasticsguitarra (f)guitarhockey (m)hockeyjudo (m)judojuego (m)gamejuego electrónico (m)electronic gamejuego de mesa (m)board gamejugador/aplayerjuguete (m)toykárate (m)karatelectura (f)readinglibro (m)bookliga (f), división (f)league; division (sports)lunes de Pascua (m)Easter Mondaymando a distancia (m)remote controlmediano/a, de talla mediamedium sizedmelodía (f)melody/tunemonopatinaje (m)skate boardingmonta?ismo (m), alpinismo (m)mountaineeringmóvil (m)mobile phoneMP3MP3 (file)música (f)musicmúsica folklórica(f)folk musicmúsica pop (f)pop musicmúsica rap (m)rapnatación (f)swimmingNavidad (f) ChristmasNochebuena (f)Christmas Evenoticias (fpl)newsnovela policíaca (f)detective/police (story)novio (m)bridegroomobra de teatro (f)play (theatre)una actuación (f)a performanceocio (m)leisureorquesta (f)orchestraparapente (m)paraglidingpasatiempo (m), afición (f)hobbypasatiempo (m), afición (f)leisure activity/hobbyPascua (f)Easterpatinaje (m)ice skatingpatinaje en línea (m)roller bladingpelícula de aventura (f)adventure filmpelícula de ciencia ficción (f)science fiction filmpelícula de fantasía (f)fantasy filmpelícula de horror (f)horror filmpelícula de misterio/policíaca (f)detective/mystery/police (film)película romántica/de amor (f)romantic film/love filmpetanca (f)petanque (game similar to bowls)piano (m)pianoping-pong (m), tenis de mesa (m)table tennispiragüismo (m)canoeingplacer (m)pleasure/amusementpremio (m)prizeprograma (de televisión) (m)(television) programmeprograma concurso (m)quiz showremo (m)rowingrevista (f)magazinerock (m)rock (musical)romántico/aromanticrugby (m)rugbysacar a pasear (el perro)to take out for a walk (dog)salón (m)hallsalto en paracaídas (m)parachutingsaxofón (m)saxophoneserie (f)seriessocio (m)membersquash (m)squash (sport)submarinismo (m)scuba divingsubtítulos (mpl)subtitlessurf (m), surfing (m)surfingtebeo (m)comic (magazine)teclado (m)keyboardtelenovela (f), culebrón (m)soap (opera)televisión por cable (f)cable TVtelevisión por satélite (f)satellite TVtenis (m)tennistiempo libre (m), ocio (m)free timetiro con arco (m)archerytorneo (m)tournamenttrama (f)plot (of film, etc)trompeta (f)trumpetvela (f)sailingversión original (f)original versionvestuarios (mpl)changing roomsvida (f)lifevideocámara (f)camcorder/video cameravideojuego (m)computer gameViernes Santo (m)Good Fridayviolín (m)violinvóleibol (m)volleyballwindsurf (m)windsurfingFree time - VERBSasistir ato attend (match etc)ser miembro deto be a member offelicitarto congratulatecasarseto get marriedir a la bolerato go bowling (tenpin)bailarto dancehacer deporteto do sporthacer gimnasiato do gymnasticshacer ejercicioto exercisepescar/ir de pescato fish/go fishingir de paseoto go for a walk/strollir de caminata/hacer excursionismoto hike, ramblepatinar sobre ruedasto roller-skatehacer velato sailmarcar un golto score a goaldispararto shootmonopatinarto skateboardnadarto swimtomar parte/participar (en algo)to take part (in)entrenarto trainel ambiente = atmosphereel alpinismo = climbing, mountaineering un atleta = an athleteel atletismo = athleticsun baile = a dancebailar = to danceel baloncesto = basketballbarato/a= cheapuna bicicleta / una bici = a bikelos bolos= bowlinguna bolera= a bowling alleyel boxeo = boxingun campeón = a championun campeonato = a championshipun campo de fútbol= a football pitchel campeonato = championshipla carrera = racecaro/a= expensivecazar= to huntel ciclismo = cyclingel concurso = the competitionuna copa = a cup, trophycorrer = to runel críquet = cricketel deporte = sportdeportista = sportyuna persona deportista= a sporty personel descanso = break / half-time / intervaldescansar= to relaxdisfrutar = to enjoyla diversión= fun, enjoyment (noun)divertido= fun, entertaining (adjective)una siesta= a snooze / sleepel ejercicio (físico) = (physical) exerciseencontrar = to find / to meetel entrenamiento = trainingel equipo = teamla equitación = horse ridingla escalada = climbingescuchar música = to listen to musicel esquí= skiingel estadio = stadiumel fin de semana = weekendel footing = joggingel fútbol = footballla gimnasia = gymnasticsel gimnasio = the gymun gol = a goalhacer vela= to do sailinguna herramienta= a toolir a los toros= to go to the bullfightir al pueblo= to go to the towninalámbrico= wirelessel juego = the gamelos Juegos Olímpicos = the Olympic Gamesun jugador = a playerjugar a los bolos = to bowl, go bowlingjugar = to playun juguete= a toyla mayoría = majorityuna medalla = a medalmejorar = to improveuna meta= a goalel monopatín = skateboardla monta?a rusa = roller coastermontar = to ride / to go on a rideel motociclismo= motorbike racingla natación = swimmingnavegar por Internet = to surf the Internetnavegar la red= to surf the netel navegador= browserla red= the netun usurario= userel partido = the matchel patinaje = skatingpatinar= to skateun pasatiempo= a hobby, pastimepasear al perro= to walk the dogel parque temático = theme parkpasar (tiempo) = to spend (time)gastar (dinero)= to spend (money)la pesca = fishingir de pesca = to go fishingpescar = to fishperezoso/a= lazyel partido= game / matchel ping-pong = table tennisel piragüismo = canoeinguna raqueta= a racketsalir = to go outsoy aficionado/a = I am a fan el tiempo libre = free timetocar la bactería= to play the drumstocar la guitarra= to play the guitarun torneo = a tournament, competitionla vela = sailingel voleibol = volley balllas zapatillas de deporte = trainerstechnologyacceder= to accessun archivo= a filearchivar= to filearroba= @adjunto= attachedla banda ancha = broadbandel buzón= mail boxborrar= to eraseuna cámara digital = digital camerachatear = to chat (online)el ciberespacio= cyberspace conectarse = to go on lineuna contrase?a = passwordel correo basura = junk mailun correo= an emaildescargar música= to download musicun enlace= a link (internet)el juego= gameuna llamada = a callel móvil = mobile navegar en la red = to surf the Internetuna página web= a web page/sitela pantalla= the screenpunto= dot, full stoppuntocom(one word)= .comel ratón= the mouseuna sala de chat= a chat roomun sitio web= a websiteel teclado= the keyboardla videoconsola = games consoleprefijo (m)area codemarcar el númerodial the number en líneaon the linehablando, al aparato, en la líneaon the line/speakingteléfono (m)telephoneguía de telefónos (f)telephone booktexto (m)textmensaje (de texto)text messagemensaje en el contestador (m)voice mailnúmero equivocado (m)wrong numberblog (m)blogchat (m)chatroomcharlar en línea(to) chat on lineordenador (m)computerconexión (f)connectionacoso cibernético (m)cyber bullyingdigitaldigitaldisco (m)diskcorreo electrónico (m)e-mailbarra (f)forward slashpágina frontal/inicial (f)homepageInternet (m)Internetpágina de Internet (f)internet pagetecla (f)key (of keyboard)teclado (m)keyboardratón (m)mousecontrase?a (f)passwordimpresora (f)printerimprimirto printprogramador/a (mf)programmerriesgo (m) riskpantalla (f)screenseguridad (f)securityred social (f)social networkgrabarto burnuna grabacióna recordingdescargarto downloadborrarto erase, deletecargarto loadimprimirto printguardar, almacenarto save, to storeescribir a máquinato typecargar, subirto uploadvirus (m)viruscámara web (f)webcampágina web (f)webpagemúsicaescuchar= to listentocar un instrumento= to play an instrumenttocar la batería= to play the drumstocar la trompeta= to play the trumpetla música de baile= dance musicun lector de MP3 = a MP3 playerlos auriculares= headphonesmedialos documentales= documentarieslos programas de cocina= cookery programmeslos deportes= sportlos concursos= game showslos programas infantiles= kids programmeslos programas de telerealidad= reality tvlos dibujos animados= cartoonslas tertulias= chat showslas series de policías= police series, crime serieslas películas= filmslas película de acción = action film / thrillerlas películas de guerra= war filmslas película románticas= romantic filmslos anuncios= publicity, advertslas noticias= newslos telediarios= newslos diarios= newspaperslos periódicos= newspaperslas telenovelas= soapslos pronósticos del tiempo= weather forecastslas comedias= comediesla banda sonora= the soundtrackdaily routineMe despierto= I wake upMe levanto= I get upMe ducho= I showerMe visto= I get dressedDesayuno= I have breakfastMe lavo los dientes= I clean my teethMe lavo el pelo= I wash my hairMe afeito= I shaveLlego= I arriveSalgo de casa= I leave the houseEmpiezo a trabajar= I start to work Almuerzo= I have lunchVuelvo a casa= I return homeCeno= I have dinnerHago mis deberes= I do my homeworkHago las tareas de la casa= I do the household choresDescanso= I relaxVeo la tele= I watch TVLeo unas revistas= I read some magazinesNavego la red= I surf the netMe acuesto= I go to bedDuermo= I sleepCHORESlas tareas de la casa= household choreshago la cama = I make the bedhago las compras= I do the shoppingplancho la ropa = I iron the clotheslavo la ropa = I wash the clothesvoy de compras = I go shoppinglimpio mi habitación= I clean my roomtrabajo en el jardín = I work in the gardenlavo los platos = I wash the dishespaso la aspiradora = I hooverpreparo la comida= I prepare the foodsaco la basura = I take out the rubbishpongo la mesa = I lay the tablequito la mesa = I clear the tablelavo el coche = I wash the carpaseo al perro = I walk the dogvoy a comprar el pan = I go to buy the breadhago de canguro = I do babysittingdoy de comer al gato / perro= I feed the cat / dogalimentar= to feedla alimentación= food, nourishmentPOCKET MONEYrecibo= I receivegano= I earngasto= I spendla paga= pocket moneyun billete de diez euros= a 10 euro noteMEMBERS OF THE FAMILY(fecha de (f)) nacimiento (m)(date of) birthabuela (f)grandmotherabuela (f), abuelita (f)grandma, grannyabuelo (m)grandfatherabuelo (m), abuelito (m)grandadabuelos (mpl)grandparentsaconsejarto adviseacordarto agreeacción buena (f)a good deedacosar, intimidarto pick on, to harass, to bullyacuerdo (m); comprensivo/aunderstanding adolescente (mf)adolescentadoptado/aadoptedadulto/a (mf), persona mayor (f)adult, grown-upaguantarto tolerate, bear, put up withagradecerto thankamigo/afriendamigo/a por correspondencia (mf)penfriendamistad (f)friendshipamueblado/afurnishedanimado/alivelyanimal doméstico (m), mascota (f)petanticuado/a, pasado/a de modaold fashionedantiguo/a, viejo/aoldapellido (m)surnameapodo (m)nicknameapoyarto supportasilo de ancianos(m)old people’s homeancianooldun ancianoan old person, OAPático (m), desván (m)loftasco (m)disgustasqueroso/adisgustingatrevido/aadventurous, daringatrevido/a, fresco/acheekyautoritario/a, mandón/mandonabossyavaro/amean, miserlybarba (f), barbudobeard; beardedbebé (m), ni?o/a (mf)babybeso (m)kissbigote (m)moustachebloque (de pisos) (m)block (of flats)boca (f)mouthbonito/a, guapo/a, mono/aprettybutaca (f), sillón (m)armchaircallado/aquietcalvobaldcara (f)facecarácter (m)charactercaracterística (f)character traitcarrera (f)career OR racecasa (f)housecasa (f), hogar (m)homedomicilio (m)address, homecasa adosada (f)semi-detached housecasa adosada (f)terraced housecasado/amarriedcelebrar, festejarto celebratecelebridad (f), famoso/a celebrity (person)celoso/ajealouscharlarto chat, chatterchatearto chat (on line)chica (f), ni?a (f)girlchico (m), ni?o (m)boymuchacho (m)boymuchacha (f)girlcobardecowardcobayo/a (m/f), conejillo de Indias (m)guinea pigcocina (f)kitchencódigo postal (m)post codecomedor (m)dining roomcómodo/acomfortable (house, furniture) cómodo/a, a gustocomfortable, at easeconejo (m)rabbitconocido/a (mf), compa?ero/a (mf)acquaintance, friendcuadro (m), pintura (f)picturecuarto de ba?o (m)bathroomcuidarto care for, to look aftercuidarto look after (e.g. children) cumplea?os (m)birthdaycu?ado (m)/cu?ada (f)brother-in-law/sister-in-lawdar las gracias, agradecerto thankde buen/mal humorin a good / bad mooddeprimido/adepresseddesempleado/a, parado/a, en parounemployeddesordenado/auntidydiscriminación (f)discriminationdiscusión (f), pelea (f), ri?a (f)argumentdiscutir, re?ir, pelearseto argue, to quarreldivorciado/adivorceddivorciarseto get divorceddormitorio (m)bedroomedad (f)ageeducado/apolitemaleducado/aimpoliteegoístaselfishel mayor, la mayoroldest (brother/sister)en (mi/nuestra) casa at home; at my/our houseenamorado/ain loveencantador/acharmingencuesta (f), sondeo (m)surveyengreído/aconceitedequilibrado/awell-balancedesposa (f), mujer (f)wifeesposo (m), marido (m)husbandestar de buen/mal humorto be in a good / bad moodestar en desventajato be disadvantagedestudio (m)study (room)estudio (m)study; home officeexperimentarto experiencefamilia (f)familyfamoso/afamousfe (f)faith (religious)feo/auglyfiesta (f)partyflaco/a, delgado/athin/slimgafas (fpl)glassesgaraje (m)garagegato (m)catgemelo/a (mf)twingemelos idénticos (mpl)identical twinsgénero (m), sexo (m)gender, sexgeneroso/agenerousgente (f)peopleglotóngreedygrano (m)spot, pimplehablador/achattyhacer de canguroto babysithámster (m)hamsterhermana (f)sisterhermanastra (f)half sisterhermanastro (m)half brotherhermano (m)brotherhermanos (mpl)brothers and sisters, siblingshija (f)daughterhijo (m)sonhijo/a único/a (mf)only childhombre (m)manhonrado/a, honesto/ahonesthuérfano/aorphanhumor (m)moodhumor (m)humouridealidealindependienteindependentinsoportable, inaguantableunbearableinteligenteintelligentinvitación (f)invitationinvitarto inviteirritanteannoyingjardín (m)gardenjuventud (f)youth (i.e the time of life)lacio, lisostraight (hair)ladrón (m)thiefleal, fielloyal, faithfulllamarseto be calledllevarse bien conto get on (well) withllorarto cryloco/amad, crazylugar de nacimiento (m)birthplacelugar de residencia (m)place of residencemadre (f)mothermadre soltera (f)/padre soltero (m)single parentmalo/a, travieso/anaughtymamá (f)mummayoroldermenor de edadunderagemiembro de la familia (m)member of the familymimado/aspoiltmodelo de conducta (m)role modelmolestar, irritar, fastidiarto annoymuebles (mpl)furnituremuerto/adeadmujer (f)womanmulticulturalmulticulturalnacido/abornlos necesitadosneedy peoplenieto/a (mf)grandchildni?o (m), ni?a (f)childnombre de pila (m)first namenormalnormalnovia (f)girlfriendnovio (m)boyfriendnovio (m), novia (f)fiancé(e)número de teléfono (m)telephone numberojos (mpl)eyesoptimistaoptimisticordenado/a, arreglado/atidy; neatpadre (m)fatherpadre (m), papá (m)dadpadres (mpl)parentspájaro (m)birdpandilla (f)gangparecerto look (e.g. angry/happy etc)parecer(se a)to resemble/look likepariente (mf), familiar (m)relative, relationpeca (f)frecklepeces de colores (mpl)goldfishpelo (m), cabello (m)hairpensionista (mf)pensioner, senior citizenperezoso/alazyperro (m)dogpersona (f)personpersona soltera (mf), soltero/asingle person; singlepersonalidad (f)character, personalitypesimistapessimisticpez tropical (m)tropical fishpiercing (m)body piercingpiso (m), apartamento (m)flat, appartmentprecioso/a, hermoso/abeautifulpretencioso/a, pedantepretentiousprimo/a (mf)cousinprometerseto get engagedprometido/aengagedque se porta bien, obedientewell behavedracista (mf)racistrazonablereasonableregalo (m)present; giftrelación (f)relationshiprelación (f)relationshipreligión (f)religionrespetarto respectresponsible, de confianzareliablereunión (f)meetingrizado/acurlyropa (f)clothessacerdote (m), cura (m)priestsala (de estar) (f), salón (m)living room/front room/loungeseguro/a de sí mismo/aself-confidentsensiblesensitivesentido del humor (m)sense of humoursentimiento (m), sensibilidad (f)feelingseparado/aseparatedsepararto separate, to split upserio/aserioussexista (mf)sexistsilla (f)chairsimilar, parecido/asimilarsimpático/afriendlysimpático/a, amablenice, kindsimpático/a, amablenice, likeablesin sentido del humorno sense of humoursobrina (f)niecesobrino (m)nephewsofá (m)sofa; setteesolo/aalonesoltero/asinglesufrirto suffertaca?o/a, desagradablemean, nastyterco/a, tenazstubborntía (f)aunttímido/ashytío (m)uncletipo (m), tío (m)guy, dude, bloketonto/afoolish, sillytortuga (f)tortoisevago/aidle, lazyvecino/a (mf)neighbourvejez (f), tercera edad (f)old age/third agevida (f)lifeviudo (m)widower visita (f)visityerno (m), nuera (f)son-in-law / daughter-in-lawColoursnegro/ablackazulbluemarrónbrowncasta?o/achestnut browncolor (m)colouroscuro/adarkmoreno/adark (hair, skin)rubio/afair (hair,skin)verdegreengrisgreyclaro/alightnaranjaorangerosa rosado/apinkrojo/aredvioletavioletblanco/awhiteamarillo/ayellowmorado/apurpleclaro= lightoscuro= darkpálido = palevivo= vivid, brightCLOTHES AND STYLE(de) algodóncotton (made of cotton)(de) cueroleather (made of leather)(de) lanawool (made of wool)(de) sedasilk (made of silk)(de) terciopelovelvet (made of velvet)(de) maderawood (made of wood)(de) orogold (made of gold)(de) platasilver (made of silver)(de) vidrioglass (made of glass)(de) cristalglass, crystal (made of glass/crystal)(de) pielleather (made of leather)(de) cueroleather (made of leather)(de) telafabric (made of fabric)(de) cermámicapottery (made of pottery)a la moda/de moda/estar en la ondafashionableabrigo (m)coatajustado/a, apretado/a, ce?ido/atightanillo (m)ringanticuado/a, pasado/a de modaold fashionedbata (f)dressing gownbolso (m)handbagbota (f)bootbragas (fpl)pants, briefsbufanda (f)scarfcalcetín (m)sockcalzoncillos (mpl)boxer shortscamisa (f)shirtcamisa/camiseta (f) de deportesports shirtcamisón (m)nightdresscazadora (f)(leather) jacketchandal (m)tracksuitchaqueta (f)jacketchaqueta de punto (f), rebeca (f)cardigancinturón (m)beltcollar (m)necklacecorbata (f)tiecortarse el peloto have one’s hair cutde estilo retro/antiguoold fashioned (vintage, retro style)de/a lunaresspottedde/a rayas, rayado/astripedelegantesmartestilo (m)stylefalda (f)skirtgorra (f)capguante (m)glovehilo (m), lino (m)linen (made of linen)holgado/a, amplio/a, /suelto/aloose (i.e. too big)jersey (m), suéter (m), pulóver (m)sweater, jumperjoyas (fpl)jewelsjoyería (f), joyas (fpl)jeweller’s (shop); jewellery (craft) lápiz (m)/barra (f) de labioslipstickmaquillaje (m)makeupmaquillarse, pintarseto put on makeupmarca (f)make, brandmediano/de talla mediamedium (size)medias (fpl)tightsmoda (f)fashionmodelo (m)modelpantálon (m), pantalones (mpl)trouserspantalón corto (m)shortsparaguas (m)umbrellapeinarseto have one's hair donependiente (m)earringpeque?o/asmallperfume (m)perfumepijamas (mpl)pyjamaspolo (m)poloshirtprobador (m)changing roomprobador (m)fitting roompulsera (f), brazalete (m) braceletreloj (m)watchropa (f)clothesropa de deporte (f)sports kitsombrero (m)hatsombrero de paja (m)straw hatsudadera (f)sweatshirtsujetador (m), sostén (m)bratalla (f), número de zapata (m)size (general); shoe sizetatuaje (m)tattoote va bien/te queda bienit fits/suits youte?ido/adyedtienda de modas/ropa (f)clothes shoptienda benéfica (f)charity shopuna organización benéficaa charityuna obra benéficaa charitytraje (m)suittraje de ba?o (m), ba?ador (m)swimming costume/ trunksvaqueros (mpl)jeansvestido (m)dressvestido/a dedressed inzapatería (f)shoe shopzapatillas (f)slipperszapatillas (fpl)slipperszapatillas de deporte (fpl)trainerszapato (m)shoeBuying clothesQuiero cambiar ... = I want to change …un reembolso= a refundNo funciona= It doesn’t workEs demasiado caro= It’s too expensiveShopsuna tienda = a shop / a tentuna carnicería=a butcher’sun estanco= a tobacconist’s (also sells stamps)la droguería = the drug store (sells cosmetics)la joyería = the jeweller’sla farmacia = the chemist (sells medicine)la floristería= a floristsla frutería = the fruit shopuna heladería= the ice cream parlouruna juguetería= the toy shopla librería = the book shopuna pastelería= a cake shopuna panadería= a bakeryla pescadería = the fishmongersuna perfumería= a perfume shopuna papelería= the stationers, stationery shopuna peluquería= the hairdresser’sla zapatería = the shoe shopuna tienda de comestibles= a grocery storeuna tienda de mascotas= a pet shopun quiosco de periódicos= newspaper standel supermercado = the supermarketIn the department storelos grandes almacenes= department storela caja= the cash deskun estante= a shelfel cambio= the bureau de changejuguetes= toysimagen y sonido= image and sound (audiovisual department)muebles y decoración= furniture and decorelectrodomésticos= white goods (fridges/ washing machines, etc)moda= fashionla costura= sewingcoser= to sewagencia de viajes= travel agencypeluquería= hairdresser’srelojería= watch sectionpapelería= stationeryel aparcamiento= the car parkel dependiente= the shop assistantbodas= weddingsflores y regalos = flowers and presents3555005-635000las rebajas= the salesuna oferta= an offerun descuento= a discountel precio= the price un reembolso= a refundprecios locos= mad pricesel recibo= the receiptla publicidad= advertisinghacer cola= to queueuna cola= a queueel surtido= the range, stock, supplyFloorsel sótano= basementla planta baja= ground floorla primera planta= the first floorsegunda= secondtercera= thirdcuarta= fourthquinta= fifthsexta = sixthséptima= seventhoctava= eighthnovena= ninthdécima planta= tenth floorPRICE?Cuánto cuesta?= How much does it cost??Cuánto es?= How much is it?barato= cheapcaro= expensivecarísimo= very expensive(límite de) velocidad (m)speed (limit)(oficina de) información (f)information (office)(primer) piso , (segundo) piso (m)floor (1st, 2nd)?que lo pases bien!enjoy your staya pieon footabierto/aopenacamparto camp (in a tent)acera (f)pavementacontecimiento (m) suceso (m)eventadelantarto overtakeaduana (f)customs (i.e. at border crossing)adulto/aadultaeropuerto (m)airportafueras (fpl)outskirts (of town/city)agua potable (m)drinking wateraire acondicionado (m)air conditioningal aire librein the open airal extranjeroabroadalbergue juvenil (m)youth hostelaldea (f), pueblo (m)villagealmacenes (mpl)department storealmohada (f)pillowalojamiento (m)accommodationalojar; hospedarto put someone up; to accommodatealojarseto stay (for a holiday)alquilar(to) rent/hirealquilarto hire, to rentalquiler (m)rentalquiler de bicicletas (m)bike hirealquiler de coches (m)car hirealrededores (mpl)surrounding area, vicinityandén (m)platformanuncio (m)advertisement; advertapagar(to) turn/switch offaparcamiento (m)car parkaparcarto parkapartamento (m) piso (m)flatárea (m)areaárea de recreo (m)playgroundárea de servicios (m)motorway servicesarmario (m)wardrobeascensor (m)liftasiento (m)seat (train, plane)atasco (m)traffic jamatropellar conrun over (traffic accident)autobús (m)busautocar (m)coachautopista (f)motorwayautovía (f); carretera (f)main roadavería (f)breakdown, faultaveriadobroken downavión (m)planeayuntamiento (m)town hallbalcón (m)balconybanco (m)bankbanco (m)seat; benchba?era (f)bath tubba?o (m)bathba?o (m), servicio (m), aseo (m) toiletbarco (m)boatbarrio (m)district, part of townbiblioteca (f)librarybicicleta (f); bici (f)bicyclebienvenido/awelcomebillete (m)ticketbillete de ida (m)single ticketbillete de ida y vuelta (m)return ticketbloque (de pisos) (m)tower blockbolera (f)bowling alley (tenpin)bosque (m), selva (f)wood, forestcafé (m); cafetería (f)cafécafetería (f)snack bar, buffetcaja (f)till (cashier’s desk)caja de ahorros (f)savings bankcajero automático (m)ATM; cashpointcalefacción (f)heatingcalle (f)road/streetcama (f)bedcamino (m)way (or road)camión (m)lorrycamping (m)camp sitecampo (m)country (i.e. countryside)campo (m)fieldcanal (m)canalcancha de tenís (f)tennis courtcapital (f)capital citycaravana (f)caravancarné (m)book (of tickets)carné/carnet de identidad (m)identity cardcarnicería (f)butcher’s shopcarretera (f)road (main road)castillo (m)castlecatedral (f)cathedralcentro ciudad (m)town centrecentro comercial (m)shopping centrecentro de ocio; polideportivo (m)leisure centrecentro turístico costero (m)seaside resortcentro urbano (m), centro ciudad (m) town centrecepillo de dientes (m)toothbrushcerrado/aclosedciclomotor (m)mopedcine (m)cinemacinturón de seguridad (f)seatbeltcirculación (f)trafficcita (f)appointmentciudad (f)cityciudad (f) pueblo (m)towncliente (mf)guest (in a hotel)club nocturno (m)night clubcoche (m)carcoche-cama (m)sleeping car (on train)colina (f)hillcolonia de vacaciones/de verano (f)summer campcomercio (m)business/tradecomisaría de policía (f)police stationcompartimento (m)compartmentcomunidad autónoma (f)autonomous communityconcurrido/abusy, crowdedconcierto (m)concertconductor(m) conductora(f)driverconexión (f)/ enlace (m)connection (transport)confirmarto confirmconfirmar un billeteto validate a ticketconsigna (automática) (f)left luggage lockercontrol de pasaportes (m)passport controlcorreos (m); oficina de correos (f)post officecorrida (f)bull fightcosta (f)coastcruce (m)crossroadscruzar, atravesarto crosscuarto de ba?o (m)bathroomcubo de basura (m)litter/rubbish bincubo de la basura (m)dustbindesfile (m)processiondespegarto take off (plane)desvío (m)diversion, detourdía de fiesta (m), fiesta nacional (f)public holidaydirección (f) , sentido (m)directiondirección única (f); sentido único (m)one way street/systemdirectodirectdiscoteca (f)discodroguería (f)household goods shop (cleaning etc)ducha (f)showerdue?o/aowneredificio (m)buildingembarcarto board, embark (on plane, boat)encender(to) turn/switch onentrada (f)admission/entry ticketentrada (f)entranceentrada (f)entry, admission (to place/event)entretenimiento (m)entertainment, things to doequipaje (m)luggageescalera (f)staircaseescaparate (m)(shop) windowesquina (f)corner (of street)estación de autobuses (f)bus/coach stationestación de metro (f)underground stationestación de servicio (f)service stationestación de trenes/de ferrocarril (f)station (railway)estadio (m)stadiumestancia (f)stayestar situado/ato be situatedeste (m)eastexcursión (f)outingexcursión (f), recorrido (m)tour (on transport)excursión a pie (f)tour (walking)experiencia (f)experienceexposición (f)exhibitionextranjero/aforeignerfábrica (f)factoryfarmacia (f)chemist’sferretería (f)irongmonger’s; hardware shopferry (m)ferryficha (f)formfiesta (f)holiday, fair, fête; festivalfolleto (m)brochure/leafletfrenarto brakefrutería (f)fruit shopfuegos artificiales (m pl)fireworksfuego (m)firefuente (f)fountainfueraoutsidefuncionarto function, to workgalería de arte (f)art gallerygaraje (m)garagegasoil (m)diesel (fuel)gasolina (f)petrolgasolinera (f); estación de servicio(f)petrol stationgira (f) recorrido (m)tourglorieta (f)roundabout (traffic)grado (m)degree (temperature)granja (f)farmhabitación (f)room (e.g. hotel room)habitación de dos camas (f)twin roomhabitación doble (f)double roomhabitación individual (f) single roomhabitante (m,f)inhabitanthacer/deshacer la maletato pack/unpack (cases)helicóptero (m)helicopterhipermercado (m)hypermarkethistórico/ahistorichora punta (f)rush hourhorario (m)timetablehoras de apertura (fpl)/ horario (m)opening hours/timeshospital (m); clínica (f)hospitalhospitalidad (f)hospitalityhotel (m)hoteliglesia (f)churchincluido/aincluded, inclusive ofindustria (f)industryindustrialindustrialinscripción (f)registration/booking inintercambio (m)exchange visitisla (f)islandjabón (m)soaplago (m)lakelavabo (m)wash basinlavandería automática (f)launderettelibrefree, available, vacantlibrería (f)book shoplimpieza en seco (f)dry cleaninglínea (f)line/routelista de precios (f)price listlitera (f)berth/bunk (on boat or train)llave (f)keyllegada (f)arrivallugar de encuentro/reunión (m)meeting placelugar de interés (m)sight, place of interestmaleta (f)suitcasemapa (m)mapmapa de carreteras (m)road mapmar (m)seamarca (f)brand/makemedia pensión (f)half board (in hotel)medios de comunicación (mpl)mediamemoria (f)memorymercado (m)marketmetro (m)metro/ underground (train)metro (m)metro/underground railwaymonta?a (f)mountainsierra (f)mountain rangemonumento (m)monumentmonumento (m)memorial, monumentventanilla de billetes (f)ticket office (station etc)moto (f)bike (motorbike)moto (f)motorbikemuseo (m)museumnaturaleza (f)naturenegocio(m), tienda (f)business, shopocupado/aoccupied; taken (seat etc)oeste (m)westoficina (f)officeoficina de turismo (f)tourist information officepaís (m)country (i.e. nation)paisaje (m)countryside, scenerypalacio (m)palacepanadería (f)baker’spapel higiénico (m)toilet paperparada de autobús (f)bus stopparque (m)parkparque (m), zona verde (f)park, green spaceparque de atracciones (temático) (m)theme park, amusement parkparte (f), zona (f)part of townpasaje a nivel (m)level crossingpasajero/apassengerpaso de peatones (m)pedestrian crossingpasta de dientes (f)toothpastepeaje (m)tollpeatón (m)/ peatona (f)pedestrianpensión (f)bed and breakfast placepensión completa (f)full board (in hotel)perderto miss (train, bus etc)periódico (m)newspaperpermiso de conducir (m)driving licencepescadería (f)fishmonger'spintorescopicturesquepiscina (f)swimming poolpiscina cubierta (f)indoor swimming poolpiso (m) planta (f)floor; storeypista de patinaje (f)ice rinkplano (de la ciudad) (m)map (of the town)planta baja (f)ground floorplaya (f)beachplaza (f)square (in a town)plaza de toros (f)bull ringplaza del mercado (f)market square, marketplacepolicía (f); guardia civil (f)policepolicía (m/f); guardia civil (m/f)policeman/womanpolideportivo (m)sports centrepor adelantado/anticipadoin advancepostal (f), tarjeta postal (f) postcardpóster (m), cartel (m)poster/noticeprecio de entrada (m)admission/entry feeprensa (f)pressprioridad (a la derecha) (f)priority (to the right)problema (m)problemprohibidoforbidden toprohibido aparcarno parkingprovincia (f)provincepúblico, municipalpublic/municipalpuente (m)bridgepuerto (m)portquiosco de periódicos (m)newspaper stall; kioskrastro (m)flea marketrecepción (f)receptionrecepcionista (m/f)receptionistrecuerdo (m)souvenirreducción (f), rebaja (f)reductionregión (f), zona (f)region, areareserva (f)reservationretraso (m)delayrevisor/a (mf)ticket inspectorrío (m)riverropa de cama (f)bedlinenropa de cama (f)bedlinenruido (m)noisesábana (f)sheetsaco de dormir (m)sleeping bagsala de espera (f)waiting roomsala de juegos (f)games roomsalida (f)departuresalida (f)exitsalida de autopista (f)motorway junctionsalida de emergencia (f)emergency exitseguirto follow; carry onsemáforo (m)traffic lightsse?al (f)sign (road sign)siga todo recto/derecho(carry) straight onsin plomounleaded petrolsin plomounleaded (fuel)sitio (m), lugar (m)placesótano (m)basementsuburbio (m), zona residencial (f)suburbsuplemento (m)supplementtaquilla (f)ticket officetarjeta telefónica (f)telephone cardtaxi (m)taxiteatro (m)theatretelevisión (f) , televisor (m)television (set)tener lugarto take placetienda (f)shoptienda (f)tenttienda de comestibles (f)grocer’s shoptintorería (f)dry cleaner’stoalla de ba?o (f)bath toweltorre (f)towertranquilo/acalm/peacefultranvía (m)tramtren (m)trainel AVEthe name of the Spanish high-speed trainRENFEthe name of the Spanish railway company turista (m,f)touristvacaciones de invierno/ de esquí (fpl)winter/ski-ing holidayvagón (m)carriage (train)vale/merece la pena verwell worth seeingvehículo (m)vehiclevehículo de gran tonelaje (m)heavy goods vehicleventana (f)windowvía (f); andén (m)track; platform (railway)vía para bicicletas (f)cycle pathviaje (m)journeyviaje organizado (m)package holidayvida nocturna (f)nightlifevisita (f)visitvista (a) (f)view (over, of)zona peatonal (f)pedestrian areazoo (m) , parque zoológico (m)zooHome - TYPESlas afueras= the outskirtsuna ciudad= a cityun pueblo= a townun barrio= an areael centro= the centrela costa= the coastel campo= the countrysideel monte / las monta?as= the mountainsun apartamento= a flat, apartment un bloque moderno= a modern blockun bloque antiguo= an old blockel castillo= the castlela dirección= addressun edificio= a buildingun palacio= a palaceuna granja = a farmun piso= a flat / a flooruna planta= a floor / a plantla planta baja= the ground flooruna habitación= a roomla vivienda= housing, accommodationmudarse de casa= to move houseHome - ROOMSmi propio dormitorio= my own roomel aparcamiento= the car park / parkingel ascensor= the liftel ático= the atticuna cancha de tenis= a tennis courtel césped= the lawnuna cocina = kitchenel comedor= dining roomcómodo= comfortableel cuarto de ba?o= the bathroomun cuarto de estar= a living roomel dormitorio= bedroomla ducha= showerla entrada= entrancela escalera= stairsel espacio= spaceuna habitación= a roomel jardín= the gardenla llave= the keyel patio= the patio, yarduna piscina= a swimming poolla puerta= the doorel puerto= the portel salón= the living roomel sótano= the basement, cellarel suelo= the floor, grounduna terraza= terrace (outside area for sitting)una ventana= a window372681510731500Home - FURNITUREuna alfombra= a rugel árbol= the treeel armario= the wardrobeel aseo= the toiletla ba?era= the bath tubel ba?o= the bathroom / the bathla butaca= armchairla calefacción= the heatingla cama= the bedel césped= the lawnla cocina eléctrica= the electric cookerla cortina= the curtainel espejo= the mirrorel estéreo= the stereola flor= the flowerel frigorífico= the fridgeel horno= the ovenla lámpara= the lampel lavabo= the washing basinla lavadora= the washing machineel lavaplatos= the dishwasherla librería= bookcase / book shopla llave= the keyla luz= the lightuna manta= a blanketuna máquina= a machineuna mesa= a tableel microondas= microwavelos muebles= furnitureuna nevera= a fridgela papelera= a waste paper binla piscina= the swimming pooluna planta = plantla silla= the chairel sillón= the arm chairel sofá= the sofael teléfono (móvil)= (mobile) phoneLocation and distanceabajo = downstairsal final (de)= at the end ofal lado de= next to, to the side ofaquí= hereallí= thereahí= therearriba= upstairsen el centro de = in the centre ofcerca (de)= nearlejos (de)= far (from)contra= againstdebajo (de)= underneath, underdelante (de)= oppositedentro (de)= in, insidea la derecha= to the rightdetrás (de)= behinden las afueras= in the outskirtsencima (de)= above, overenfrente (de)= infront ofentre= betweenel este= the eastel sur= the southel norte= the northel oeste= the westen el fondo= in the backgroundfuera (de)= outsideDIRECTIONS?por dónde se va a...?how do I get to...??vas a pie?/?vas en coche? are you going on foot/ in a car?calle principal/mayor (f)high street/main streetcruza cross (over)dobla a la derechaturn rightdobla a la izquierdaturn leftestá a 100 metrosit is 100 metres awayestá muy cercait is very closehastaas far assiguecontinuesigue todo rectogo straight onsube la callebaja la callego up the streetgo down the streettoma/coge la primera calle a la izquierdatake the first road on the leftDEALING WITH PROBLEMSaccidente (m)accidentarreglo (m)/ reparación (f)repairasegurarto insureavería (f)breakdownbilletero (m)/ cartera (f)walletcambiarto exchangecantidad (f)quantitycliente (m)customercollisión (f)crash/collisioncolor (m)colourcuenta (f)billda?o (m)damageda?arto damagedescuento (m)/rebaja (f)reductiondevolvertake back (to shop)dirección (f)addressdirección de email/correo electrónico (f)email addressentrega (f)deliveryentregar/hacer reparto(s)to delivererror (m)mistakeerror/defecto (m)mistake/faultfactura (f)bill (invoice)formulario (m)formgarantía (f)guaranteegarantizarto guaranteeinformación y reclamaciones customer serviceinstrucciones (fpl)/ modo de empleo (m)instructions for usemonedero (m)pursenúmero correcto (m)correct numbernúmero de teléfono (m)telephone numbernúmero equivocado (m)wrong numberpagarto payperíodo de espera (m)waiting timepiezas de recambio (fpl)replacement (part)progreso (m)/ mejora (f)progress, improvementqueja (f)complaintquejarse/reclamarto complainrecibo (m)receiptreemplazar/cambiarto replacerepararto repairrobo (m)theft; robberyrobo (m)robbery/theftroto/abrokenseguro (m)insuranceservicio (m)servicetalla (f)/ tama?o (m)sizetrabajar, funcionarto work, functionvolverto returnFESTIVALSUn día festivo= a public holidayuna tradición rara= a strange traditionuna tradición extra?a= a strange traditionLa Navidad= ChristmasLa Nochebuena= Christmas Eveuna misa= a mass (in church)la Nochevieja = New Year’s Eveel Día de Reyes= Epithany, 6th January (when Spanish children receive presents)un desfile= a parade, procession el Día de los Inocentes= 28th December (Spanish April Fool’s Day)los Reyes Magos= the three kingsPapá Noel= Father Christmasun villancico= a carolel Día de Muertos= All Soul’s Day, Day of the DeadSemana Santa= EasterPascua= Easterun santo / una santa= a saintla Tomatina= tomato throwing festival in SpainSan Fermín= Spanish festival where the bullrun takes placeun encierro= a bullrunun toro= a bulluna plaza de toros= a bullring un torero= a bullfighteruna boda= a weddingcasarse por la iglesia= to get married in a churchcomprometerse= to get engagedel compromiso= the engagementla luna de miel= a honeymoonla miel= honeydar= to givedoy= I giveregalos= presentsrezar = to pray rezo en la mezquita= I pray in the mosque peregrinación = pilgrimage encender una vela= to light a candleuna bandera= a flagun disfraz= fancy dressdisfrazarse= to dress upcumplea?os = birthdayfiesta = festival, partyuna excursión = a tripuna corrida de toros= a bullfightun torero= a bullfighterun toro= a bulllas casta?uelas= castanetsuna costumbre= a custom, habitganar= to win OR to earnllegar= to arrivellevar= to weartraer= to bringun regalo= a presentregalar= to give a presentdar= to givedar las gracias= to give thankspedir= to ask forReligion / Faithmusulmán / musulmana= Muslimjudío / judía= Jewishcristiano / cristiana= Christiancreer= to believeun creyente= a believerMusic Festivaluna tienda= a tent OR a shopmontar una tienda= to put up a tentacampar= to camptocar música= to play musicel ambiente= the atmosphereencontrar= to find OR to meetuna entrada= a ticket (entry ticket)crema solar= sun creamEnvironmentel reciclaje= recyclingun envase= a containerel reciclaje de botellas= the recycling of bottlesel reciclaje de cartón= the recycling of cardboardel reciclaje de latas= the recycling of cansel reciclaje de papel= the recycling of paperel reciclaje de pilas= the recycling of batteriesel reciclaje de vidrio= the recycling of glassreciclar= to recyclerecargable= rechargeableapagar las luces= to turn off the lightsapagar= to turn offencender= to turn onagotar= to exhaustdesperdiciar= to wasteel desperdicio= the wasteechar la cupla= to blamecuidar el planeta= to look after the planetrecaudar dinero= to raise moneyuna venta benéfica= a charity saleuna tienda benéfica= a charity shopdesaparecer= to disappearla desaparición= the disappearancela lluvia ácida= acid rainuna marea negra= an oil slickel agujero de la capa de ozono= the hole in the ozone layerel agujero= the holeel petróleo= oil (for machines – not food which is aceite)un petrolero= an oil tankerla lluvia ácida= acid rainuna marea negra= oil slick (literally means a black tide)el medio ambiente= the enviromentla naturaleza= natureel peligro= the dangerpeligroso= dangerousuna pila= a batteryel planeta= the planetpreocupado= worried, concernedpreocupante= worrying, concerninginquietante= worrying, concerningnocivo= harmfulel problema= the problemproteger= to protectamenazar= to threatenel tráfico= trafficlos atascos= traffic jamsuna multa= a finela contaminación= pollutioncontaminado= pollutedlos gases de escape= exhaust fumesensuciar= to dirtyestropear= to ruin, spoilel efecto invernadero= the greenhouse effectlos beneficios= benefitsbeneficiar= to benefitproteger= to protectla protección= protectioncombatir= to combatcometer un crimen= to commit a crimeINTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL DIMENSIONaceite (m)oilagua dulce (f)fresh wateragua potable (f)drinking wateragua salada (f)salt waterambiente (m)environmentamenazarto threatenanimales animalsaprovecharto benefitarruinarto ruinbasura rubbishcalentamiento globalglobal warmingcampa?a (f)campaigncarbón (m)coalcaridad (f)charityclimático/aclimate (adjective) comercio justo (m)fair tradecombustible (m)fuelcontaminarto pollute; to contaminateconvertirse en abonoto (make) compostcuidarto save; to keep safeculpa (f)blamederechos (mpl)peoples’ rightsdesechos (mpl)waste, rubbishdesafortunado/aunfortunate; needydesastre (m)disasterelectricidad (f)electricityenergía (f)energy; powerenergía solar (f)solar powerespecie (f)speciesespiandospyingfalta (de) lack (of)faltarto lackfestival (de música) (m)(music) festivalgamberro (m)hooligan, troublemakergas (m)gasgente (f)peopleglobalglobal; world wideguerra (f)warhambre (f)hunger; faminehuricán (m)hurricaneinmediato/ainstantinternacional internationalinundaciónes (f)flood; floodingjuegos olímpicos (mpl)Olympic gamesmantener el contactoto stay in contactmorirto diemundial (m)world cup (football)mundo (m)worlduna ONGan NGO (non-governmental organisation)país (m)/campo (m)countryplaneta (m)planetpobrepoorpobreza (f)povertyricorichriquezawealthpolución (f)pollutionpor/contrafor/againstprotección (f)protectionprotegerto protectreciclarto recyclerecursos naturales (mpl)natural resourcesseguridad (f)securityselva tropical (f)(rain)forestsepararto sort/separate (e.g. rubbish)sequía (f)droughtlos sin techothe homelesssobrevivirto surviveterremoto (m)earthquaketierra (f)earthventajas/desventajas (fpl)advantages/disadvantagesvivirto livevertedero (m)tip, rubbish dumpvolcán (m)volcanola igualdad= equalityla desigualdad= inequalityigual= equaldesigual= unequalel prejuicio= prejudiceHOLIDAY DESTINATIONMe quedo en casa= I stay at homeVoy a un camping= I go to a campsiteVoy a un pueblo= I go to a villageVoy a a la playa= I go the beachVoy a la monta?a= I go to the mountainsVa al campo= She/He goes to the countrysideVamos a la costa= We go to the coastVamos a casa de mis abuelos= We go to my grandparents’ houseel extranjero= abroadvoy al extranjero= I am going abroadfin = endel fin de las vacaciones = the end of the holidays una ciudad= a cityun lago= a lakeel mar= the seael mar Mediterráneo= the Mediterraean Seala monta?a= the mountainla sierra= the mountain rangelos Pirineos= the Pyrenees la arena= the sandel océano Atlántico= the Atlantic OceanVoy a … = I am going to …Voy al extranjero= I am going abroadAmérica del Sur= South AmericaAmérica Latina= Latin Americalatinoamericano= Latin Americansudamericano= South AmericanAlemania= GermanyChipre= CyprusEscocia= ScotlandEspa?a= SpainFrancia= FranceGales= WalesGran Breta?a= Great BritainGrecia= GreeceInglaterra= EnglandIrlanda= Irelandla isla= the islandLas Islas Británicas= the British IslesLas Islas Canarias= the Canary IslandsItalia= ItalyLos Estados Unidos= United States of AmericaLos EEUU= USAMarruecos= Morocco el Mediterráneo= the MediterraneanNueva York= New Yorkel país= the countryPaíses Bajos= NetherlandsPerú= PeruReino Unido= United KingdomSuecia= SwedenSuiza= SwitzerlandTurquía= TurkeyNATIONALITIESamericano/aAmericanargentino/aArgentinianaustriaco/aAustrianbelgaBelgianboliviano/aBolivianbrasile?o/aBrazilianbritánico/aBritishchileno/aChileancolombiano/aColombiandanés/aDanishholandés/aDutchecuatoriano/aEcuadoreaninglés/aEnglisheuropeo/aEuropeanfrancés/aFrenchalemán/aGermangriego/aGreekirlandés/aIrishindio/aIndianitaliano/aItalianmexicano/aMexicanpakistaníPakistaniperuano/aPeruvianruso/aRussianescocés/aScottishespa?ol/aSpanishsueco/aSwedishsuizo/aSwissturco/aTurkishvenezolano/aVenezuelangalés/aWelshTRANSPORTel transporte público= public transportVoy a pie= I go on footVoy en coche= I go by carVamos en autobús= we go by busen autobús= by busen tren= by trainen AVE= by high-speed train(AVE is the name of the Spanish high speed train)en tranvía= by tramen metro= by tube, undergrounden taxi= by taxien moto= by motorbikeen autocar= by coachen barco= by boaten camión= by lorryen ferry= by ferryen avión= by plane en globo= by balloona pie = by footandando= by foot, walkingun billete de ida= a single ticketun billete de ida y vuelta= a return ticketun bonobús= a buss passla taquilla= the ticket officehacer transbordo= to transfer, change (transport)detenerse= to stopparar= to stopun cinturón de seguridad= a seat beltuna rueda= a wheelel motor= the engineun casco= a helmetun cruce= a crossroadsuna carretera= a roaduna calle= a streetuna autopista= a motorwayACCOMMODATIONel alojamiento= accommodationme alojé en= I stayed inun hotel de cinco estrellas= a five star hotellujo= luxuryun hotel de lujo= a luxury hotelun hostal= a cheap hotelen casa de un amigo= in a friend’s houseuna caravana= a caravanun albergue juvenil= a youth hostelun camping= a campsiteel campo= the countrysideuna tienda = tent / a shopuna pensión = a guesthouse, boarding houseun piso= a flatuna habitación = a roomuna habitación individual = a single roomuna habitación sencilla= a single roomuna habitación doble = a twin roomuna habitación de tres camas = a room with with bedsuna cama de matrimonio = a double bedcon ba?o = with a bathcon ducha = with a showercon lavabo = with a sinkcon balcón= with balconycon pensión completa= with full board (ie. all meals)con media pensión = with half boardcon desayuno incluído= with breakfast includedcon gimnasio = with gymcon aire acondicionado= with air conditioningvista al mar= sea viewCOMPLAINTSme quejé= I complaineduna queja= a complaintquejarse= to complainhabía= There was / There werehay= There is / There areno había= There was no / There were nono hay= There is no / There are nopapel higiénico= toilet paperSOUVENIRSun recuerdo= souvenirun abanico= a fan (the sort you use to cool down)una cámara= a cameraunas casta?uelas= castanetsuna crema solar= sun creamla especialidad= the specialityel flamenco= flamenco (dance / music in southern Spain)un folleto= a leafletuna foto(grafía)= a photo(graph)una guía= guidebookla lista (de precios)= the (price) listUN mapa (NOT una)= a mapuna postal= a postcarduna tienda= tentun toro= a bullun vaso= a glassThe WEATHERel clima= the climateel tiempo= the weatherel grado= degreeel pronóstico= the forecast?Qué tiempo hace?= What is the weather like?llueve= it is raining, it rainsnieva= it is snowing, it snowsgraniza= it is hailingHace calor= The weather is hotHace frío= The weather is coldHace sol= The weather is sunnyBrilla el sol= The sun is shiningHace buen tiempo= The weather is goodHace mal tiempo= The weather is badHace viento= It is windyHace fresco= It is chillyHay tormenta= There is a stormHay nieve= There is snowHay lluvia= There is rainHay precipitaciones= There is rainfallHay chubascos= There are showersHay niebla= There is fogHay nubes= There are cloudsHay relámpago= There is lighteningHay trueno= There is thunderHay temperaturas de …= There are temperatures of …un huracán= a hurricanela temperatura media= average temperaturela temperatura más alta= the highest temperatureEstá despejado= It is clear / There are no cloudsEl cielo está despejado= the sky is clearEstá nublado= It is cloudyEstá nuboso= It is cloudyEstá helado= It is freezingun día ventoso= a windy dayun día caluroso= a hot dayun día despejado= a clear dayun día tormentoso= a stormy dayun día lluvioso= a rainy dayun día seco= a dry spellun período soleado= a sunny spellun cielo despejado= a clear skyel hielo= iceel cielo= skyTengo calor= I am hot (literally it means = I have heat)Tengo frío= I am cold (literally it means = I have cold)estable= stable, unchangedhúmedo= humidmojarse = to get wetmojado= wet, dampun paraguas= an umbrellauna sombrilla= a parasol, sunshadeNUMBERSuno (un/una)1treinta y uno (un/una)31dos2treinta y dos32 etc.tres3cuarenta40cuatro4cincuenta50cinco5sesenta60seis6setenta70siete7ochenta80ocho8noventa90nueve9cien(to)100diez10ciento uno/a101once11ciento dos102doce12ciento veinte120trece13doscientos/as200catorce14doscientos/as 201quince15trescientos/as300dieciséis16cuatrocientos/as400diecisiete17quinientos/as500dieciocho18seiscientos/as600diecinueve19setecientos /as700veinte20ochocientos/as800veintiuno 21novecientos/as900veintidós22mil1000veintitrés23mil uno/a1001veinticuatro24mil cien(to)1100veinticinco25dos mil2000veintiséis26cien mil100 000veintisiete27doscientos/as mil200 000veintiocho28millón (m), un millón de1 000 000veintinueve29dos millones (de)2 000 000treinta30treinta y uno (un/una)31ORDINAL NUMBERSprimero/afirstsegundo/asecondtercero/athirdcuarto/afourthquinto/afifthsexto/asixthséptimo/aseventhoctavo/aeighthnoveno/aninthdécimo/atenthQUANTITIES AND MEASURESuna botella dea bottle ofuna caja dea box ofuna docena dea dozenun tarro dea jar ofun poco dea little ofun paquete dea packet ofuna parte dea part ofun pedazo dea piece ofun cuarto dea quarter ofuna rebanada dea slice ofun tercio dea third oflata (f)tindobledouble, twicebastante OR suficienteenoughexactamenteexactlygramo (m)grammemitad (f)half ofkilo (m)kilogramlitro (m)litremáximomaximummínimominimummucho/a/os/asmuch/manynadanothingsolamenteonlyvarios/asseveral ................
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