DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis – Test Review
[Pages:4]Biology 2 DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis ? Test Review
Name ___________________________________
1. What does DNA stand for? DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
2. Where is DNA found in eukaryotes? NUCLEUS
3. What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA? NUCLEOTIDES
4. Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
SUGAR, BASE , PHOSPHATE
5. Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA (not abbreviations).
ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE
6. The model of DNA is known as a ___DOUBLE HELIX________.
7. Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.
A- T C- G
8. How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA? THEY ARE COMPLIMENTARY AND ANTI-PARALLEL (GOING IN OPPSITE DIRECTIONS)
9. Describe the steps that occur in DNA replication.
DNA IS UNZIPPED BY HELICASE NEW COMPLIMETARY STRAND IS FORMED (POLYMERASE) STRANDS ZIP BACK UP RESULTS IN 2 NEW DAUGHTER CELLS (EACH W/ AN OLD STRAND W/ A NEW, SEMICONSERVATIVE)
10. If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A ? G ? G ? C ? T ? A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA? T- C- C- G ? A - T
11. Is DNA replicated (copied) before or after cell division? BEFORE
12. What is a mutation? CHANGE IN GENETIC SEQUENCE
Are all mutations harmful? NO
13. Name several things that can cause DNA mutations.
SHIFT IN BASE PAIR (POINT MUTATION), EXPSURE TO SUN, TOXINS & CHEMICALS
Biology 2 14. What sugar is found on RNA? RIBOSE
Name ___________________________________
15. What base is missing on RNA, & what other base replaces it? THYMINE, URACIL
16. Is RNA double or single stranded? SINGLE
17. Name the 3 types of RNA.
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
18. Why is an RNA copy of DNA made?
for the `code' of protein necessary for the cell
19. What does tRNA transport? Amino Acids
20. What is transcription? Where does it occur? Briefly describe the steps.
Process of DNA to mRNA, in the nucleus. DNA unzips, RNA polymerase follows base pair rule, once code is done, helix "zips' back up
21. In what part of a cell are proteins made? cytoplasm
22. Are both strands of DNA copied during transcription? No, just one
23. What bases pair with each other during transcription? A ? U, C - G
24. What happens to the newly made mRNA molecule following transcription in the nucleus?
It goes into the cytoplasm so the `code' can be translated and synthesized into protein
25. What are proteins made of? Amino acids
26. How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins? 20
27. What is a codon & what does each codon code for? A trio of nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
28. How many codons exist? 64
29. Name the amino acid coded for by each of these codons:
a. UUA - Leucine
c. UGU - Cysteine
b. AUU - Isoleucine
d. AAA - Lysine
Biology 2
Name ___________________________________
30. What is translation? Where does it occur? Process of decoding the mRNA to a protein. In the cytoplasm with the ribosome & rRNA 31. How can an amino acid be specified by more than one codon? There are 64 codons and only 20 AA's, there is redundancy in the genetic decoder 32. A segment of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein is called a GENE
______________________________. BASE
SUGAR
PHOSPHATE
33. Label the parts of this strand of DNA. 34. For what does all DNA code? PROTEINS
FYI
ALL organisms contain DNA, but the genetic sequences are DIFFERENT for different organisms! Sex Cells (sperm & egg) are the ONLY cells that can pass genes/traits down to their offspring. Vegetative cells are all other cells within an organism (blood, skin, bone cells etc.) NOT all mutations are bad. Overexposure to radiation and toxic chemicals may damage DNA and may cause cancer in vegetative cells. Recombinant DNA is taking one species DNA and inserting it into another. Genetic engineering has been used to produce better crops and agriculture.
Biology 2
Name ___________________________________
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