DNA WebQuest



DNA WebQuest NAME___________________________

DNA STRUCTURE:

Go to the following website:



1. What does DNA stand for? _____________________________________________________

2. What are the two places in a cell where I could find DNA? _____________________________________

3. What are the four chemical bases in DNA? ____________________________________________________________________________________

4. How many bases does DNA consist of? _________________________________________

5. What three things make up a nucleotide? _____________________________________________________________________________________

6. How are nucleotides arranged? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What forms the DNA ladder’s rungs? ___________________________________. What two things form the vertical sidepieces of the ladder? _______________________________________________________

Use the information from your notes and what you have learned to label the below image:

8. Label the image below…place the phosphate group, the five carbon sugar, and the base in the appropriate boxes.

[pic]

DNA structure History



1. Where did Rosalind Franklin go to college and what subject did she study? ______________________________________________________________________________

2. In 1951, Franklin was offered a 3 year research scholarship where? _______________________________________________________________

3. Franklin worked with Raymond Gosling and was able to get photos of DNA fibers. What did she conclude from these photos (two things)? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Go to the top of the website and click on James Watsons name…..

4. What book did James Watson write and when was is published?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DNA Replication:



1. When DNA is preparing for replication, what are the bonds that are broken to break it into two strands?__________________________________________________

2. What enzyme is responsible for splitting the two strands?

____________________________________

3. The splitting of the DNA starts at a place called the _____________________________________________________

4. During the elongation process, does the same thing happen to both of the single strands that were broken apart? ________________________

5. The “leading strand” is the one where DNA polymerase can do what?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The more complicated strand to replicate is called the _____________________________ strand.

7. What is the last step in DNA replication called?___________________________________________. When does this process happen?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Enzymes called___________________________________________________ remove the wrong nucleotides after DNA replication and then _______________________________________ fills the gaps that are formed.

DNA and Chromosomes:



1. Chromosomes are made of______________________________

2. What is a gene? _________________________________________

3. What is the difference between gametes and body cells? _____________________________________________________________________________

4. Each person’s DNA is unique except for who?______________________________________

5. How does each gene code for a protein?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Look at the picture of the nucleus, chromosome, and gene and infer what the relationship is of the three things? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RNA:



What does RNA stand for?______________________________________________________________

What are the nucleotides of RNA made of?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are the four ways that RNA differs from DNA? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the main job of RNA? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are the three types of RNA?________________________________________________________

Some RNAs are enzymes and act as biological catalysts….RNAs that do this are known as __________________________________________________

Transcription:



What happens during transcription?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the most variable class of RNA?_____________________________

Translation

What is the purpose of ribosomes?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What two things are ribosomes made up of?_______________________________________________

Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules do what?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is translation?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does each mRNA molecule that goes to the ribosomes dictate _____________________________________________________________________________________

What is a codon?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

UAA is a codon that signals to stop making a protein and so it is therefore called a __________________

What is tRNA responsible for doing?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What two different things bind to the two different ends of a tRNA molecule? ______________________________ and ___________________________________________-

The proteins that are made as a result of translation are how many amino acids long? ___________________

Topic: Protein Synthesis

B. Go to:

Click the button that says “click here to begin”

Use the keyboard to type the bases that would form the mRNA.

Follow the instructions to determine the order of the amino acids.

13. List the order of your amino acids.

14. How did the process know to end?

Read the script on the right side of the webpage.

15. Describe the process of transcription.

16. Describe the process of translation.

C. Go to:

Read the animation page by page – just click the “next” button when you are ready to move on.

17. How does the mRNA leave the nucleus?

18. Is just one mRNA molecule made? Explain.

19. How many amino acids does each codon code for?

20. Describe the structure of a tRNA molecule.

21. Where does the energy to form the peptide bond between two amino acids come from?

22. Can a single mRNA be read more than once? Explain.

Topic: Overview

E. Go to:

Click on “What is DNA?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

31. The complete set of instructions for making a human being is found where?

32. What do genes tell the cell to make?

Click on “What is a gene?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

33. What is the function of the protein hemoglobin?

34. How is sickle-cell anemia caused?

35. What are some other proteins that genes code for?

Click on “What is a chromosome?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

36. How long would the DNA in one human cell be?

37. How is DNA packaged to fit into the small space of a cell nucleus?

38. How many chromosomes are in a human cell?

39. Why are there “pairs” of chromosomes? Where do they come from?

40. Describe the sex chromosomes.

Click on “What is a protein?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

41. What is the role of proteins in transmitting pain messages?

42. Describe structural proteins.

43. “There are proteins involved in the making of proteins.” Explain this sentence.

Click on “What is heredity?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

44. Give an example of the environment acting on the expression of a genetic trait.

45. Where do we get our traits?

46. Explain how each child born to the same parents will have a different combination of chromosomes.

Click on “What is a trait?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions.

47. What are the different types of traits that can be inherited?

48. Give an example of a physical trait that can be influenced by the environment.

49. Give an example of a behavioral trait that can be influenced by the environment.

50. Give an example of a predisposition to a medical condition that can be influenced by the environment.

51. How can two parents WITHOUT hitchhiker’s thumb have a child who DOES have hitchhiker’s thumb?

52. What is the definition of complex traits?

Topic: Mutations

F. Go to:

Read the information and fill out the table below:

|Type of mutation |Description |Effect on resulting protein |

|Substitution | | |

|Insertion | | |

|Deletion | | |

|Frameshift | | |

Topic: Replication

G. Go to:

Click on “Play DNA Game”; Click “next” and reading each page, continue to click next until you come to the game.; Click on organism #1 and match the base pairs as fast as you can! It is hard.

Click Next and then click on each organism until you identify the one that belongs to chromosome #1; continue playing the game with the other two chromosomes, filling in the chart below.

Be careful, other teams may get different results.

|Chromosome # |How many chromosomes? |How many base pairs? |How many genes? |What is the organism? |

|1 | | | | |

|2 | | | | |

|3 | | | | |

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