BIOCHEMISTRY OUTLINE



Unit Test Date (1) ______ (2) _______

Learning Objectives

Students need to know and understand the following:

1. I will describe that DNA contains our genetic code and that this code is common to ALL organisms

2. I will evaluate the structure of DNA and be able to discuss what makes up the outside vs what makes up the rungs and what bonds the nitrogen bases together.

3. I will name the scientists that discovered DNA and know the significance of Chargaff and Franklin’s research.

4. I will understand and illustrate the monomers (nucleotides) of DNA and RNA and be able to label its 3 parts.

5. I will explain how bases pair in DNA vs RNA.

6. I will specify the complimentary base pairs using Chargaff’s rule for DNA and understand the difference for RNA.

7. I will understand that the sequence of bases and their order determine what protein is made and therefore what trait is produced.

8. I will compare/ contrast purines vs pyrimidine base pairs

9. I will be able to explain the steps and process of DNA Replication and when it occurs and why it’s important.

10. Know when DNA replication occurs and where in the cell.

11. Know how mutations occur and what major consequences can arise from the different types: ex. Frameshift, point mutations, insertion, deletion, & substitution

12. I will illustrate the structure of RNA and distinguish between the 3 types of RNA, their functions, & locations (rRNA, mRNA, & tRNA).

13. I will discuss the steps of protein synthesis: 1. Transcription 2. Translation and explain why they occur.

14. I will compare/contrast the similarities and differences of the structure of DNA and RNA

15. I will understand DNA contains GENES that code for PROTEINS that code for our TRAITS

16. I will describe the molecules involved in transcription and translation.

17. I will express my knowledge of codons vs anticodons, where they are found, and what they code for.

18. I will understand how to read codon chart & codon wheel and show how to use it and why I need to use it.

19. Be able to describe how techniques such as DNA fingerprinting, genetic modifications, and chromosomal analysis are used to study the genomes of organisms.

VOCABULARY TERMS TO KNOW: Definitions are due _________________________

Genetic code

Double Helix

DNA triplet

Chromosome

Deoxyribose

Histone

Replication

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Complimentary nucleotide

Promoter

Terminator

Transcription

Translation

DNA Polymerase

RNA Polymerase

Intron

Exon

Codon

Anticodon

Mutation

Point Mutation

Missense mutation

Substitution mutation

Insertion mutation

Deletion mutation

Duplication mutation

Frameshift mutation

Nucleotide

Polypeptide

Ribosome

Amino Acid

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DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS UNIT OVERVIEW

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