Do the right thing : philosophical dialogue on the moral ...

CONTENTS

Preface xi Introduction xiii

I

ETHICAL THEORY, ETHICAL PRACTICE, AND MORAL EDUCATION 1

SECTION A RELATIVISM VERSUS OBJECTIVISM 3

1. A Defense of Moral Relativism 5 Ruth Benedict

2. The Case for Moral Objectivism 10 Louis P. Pojman

3. On Objective Values: A Dialogue 19 Peter Kreeft

SECTION B ETHICAL THEORY 37

4. Ethical Theories and Ethical Decision-Making 39

J. P. Moreland and Norman L. Geisler

5. Minimalist Ethics: On the Pacification of Morality 53 Daniel Callahan

6. In Defense of Ethical Egoism 62 AynRand

7. A Critique of Ethical Egoism 68 James Rachels

SECTION C VALUES CLARIFICATION AND MORAL EDUCATION 76

8. The Values Clarification Approach 78 Sidney B. Simon, Leland W. Howe, and Howard Kirschenbaum

9. Why Values Clarification Must Be Rejected 83 Paul Vitz

10. Moral Education and Indoctrination 92 George Sher and William J. Bennett

11. Vision and Virtue 100 William K. Kilpatrick

II

LIFE AND DEATH ISSUES 109

SECTION A ABORTION 111

Section Al Abortion and the Law 117

12. Roe v. Wade (1973) 117 U.S. Supreme Court

13. Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) 128 U.S. Supreme Court

vii

Section A2 The Morality ofAbortion 149

14. A Defense of Abortion 149 Judith Jarvis Thomson

15. Arguments from Bodily Rights 159

Francis J. Beckwith

16. On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion 171 Mary Anne Warren

17. Personhood Begins at Conception 176 Stephen D. Schwarz

18. A Defense of the Moderate Position 194 L. W. Sumner

SECTION B EUTHANASIA 203

Section Bl The Law and Euthanasia 208

19. The Right to Assisted Suicide: Protection of Autonomy or an Open Door to Social Killing? 208 Victor Rosenblum and Clark Forsythe

20. In the Matter of Karen Ann Quinlan, an Incompetent (1976) 222 New Jersey Supreme Court

21. Cruzan v. Harmon (1991) 226 U.S. Supreme Court

Section B2 The Morality of Euthanasia 229

22. A Defense of Active Euthanasia 229 James Rachels

23. James Rachels and the Active Euthanasia Debate 239

J. P. Moreland

24. Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making 247 Timothy E. Quill

25. Dying Safely: An Analysis of "A Case of Individualized Decision Making" by Timothy E. Quill, M.D. 251 Patricia Wesley

SECTION C FETAL TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION AND EMBRYO EXPERIMENTATION 262

26. Rights, Symbolism, and Public Policy on Fetal Tissue Transplants 266 John A. Robertson

27. Spare Parts from the Unborn?: The Ethics of Fetal Tissue Transplantation 277 Scott B. Rae

28. Executive Summary of the Final Report of the Human Embryo Research Panel 284 National Institutes of Health

29. The Inhuman Use of Human Beings: A Statement on Embryo Research 293 The Ramsey Colloquium

III ISSUES OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY 301

SECTION A AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 303

Section Al The Law and Affirmative Action 307

30. University of California v. Bakke (1978) 307 U.S. Supreme Court

31. City of Richmond v. Croson (1989) 315 U.S. Supreme Court

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Section A2 The Moral Justification ofAffirmative Action 326

32. A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment 326 Richard Wasserstrom

33. The Moral Status of Affirmative Action 331 Louis P. Pojman

34. The Justification of Reverse Discrimination 343 Tom Beauchamp

35. From Equal Opportunity to "Affirmative Action" 351 Thomas Sowell

SECTION B ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL JUSTICE 361

Section Bl Distributive Justice 366

36. A Theory of Justice 366 John Rawls

37. Radical Egalitarianism 382 Kai Nielsen

38. Property, Exchange, and Libertarianism 392 Murray N. Rothbard

Section B2 Multiculturalism and Justice 403

39. The Challenge of Diversity and Multicultural Education 403 The President's Task Force on Multicultural Education, California State University at Long Beach

40. Education and the Racist Road to Barbarism 413 George Reisman

41. Skepticism, Nihilism, Amorality, and Anarchy: The Legacy of PC? 420 Jung Min Choi and John W. Murphy

42. Two Philosophical Problems with Political Correctness 432

Francis J. Beckwith

SECTION C FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 438

Section Cl Law, Morality, and the Censorship of Pornography 443

43. The Constraints of the First Amendment 443 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography

44. The Sexual Politics of the First Amendment 452 Catharine MacKinnon

45. Feminist Antipornography Legislation: A Critical Analysis 459 Lisa Duggan, Nan Hunter, and Carole Vance

46. Pornography, Sex, and Censorship 468 Fred R. Berger

47. The Question of Harm 482 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography

Section C2 Speech Codes on College Campuses 493

48. There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It's a Good Thing, Too 493 Stanley Fish

49. "Speech Codes" on the Campus and Problems ot Free Speech 502 Nat Hentoff

Contents ix

SECTION D HOMOSEXUALITY 507 Section D1 The Law and Homosexuality 511 50. Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) 511

U.S. Supreme Court Section D2 Social Policy, Morality, and Homosexual Rights 517 51. Homosexuality, Public Health, and Civil Rights 517

Daniel C. Palm 52. Gay Basics: Some Questions, Facts, and Values 523

Richard D. Mohr 53. Sodomy and the Dissolution of Free Society 529

Harry V. Jaffa 54. Is Homosexuality Unnatural? 535

Burton M. Leiser Section D3 Homosexuals in the Military 540 55. Lifting the Gay Ban 540

Charles L. Davis 56. Make War, Not Love: The Pentagon's Gay Ban Is Wise and Just 545

John Luddy

SECTION E FAMILY VALUES AND SEX ROLES 549 57. Sex Roles and the Ideal Society 552

Richard Wasserstrom 58. Biological Differences and the Perils of Androgyny 557

George Gilder 59. Philosophers against the Family 568

Christina Hoff Sommers 60. They Lived Happily Ever After: Sommers on Women and Marriage 581

Marilyn Friedman 61. Do These Feminists Like Women?: A Reply to Friedman's Response 587

Christina Hoff Sommers 62. Justice, Gender, and the Family 595

Susan Moller Okin

APPENDIX: ON WRITING PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS 607 Craig Walton

AUTHOR INDEX 613

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