Diseases - Central Dauphin School District



Diseases

Name_________________________________________ PD ______ ODD/EVEN

Disease and Your Body

1. disease –

2. pathogen –

3. infectious disease –

4. noninfectious disease –

5. immune system –

6. communicable diseases –

7. non-communicable disease –

Disease

1. Disease – is any ____________ change in the health of your ___________ or _________

a. Caused by ________________ – is a virus, microorganism, or another agent that causes disease

b. ____________________________– is a living thing so small that a microscope is needed to see it

i. Some are ________________

ii. Some cause ________________

iii. Some are __________________ – milk to ___________, yeast causes bread to rise, break down food in digestive system

2. 4 main groups of pathogens

a. _____________

b. _____________

c. _____________

d. _____________

Infectious and noninfectious diseases

1. ____________________ disease – is any disease that is caused by ____________ that invade the body

a. May be ________________________ – able to be passed ______________ from one person to another, EX: the flu

2. ___________________ disease – a disease that is ________ caused by a pathogen, include diseases of specific body systems and nutritional disorders,

EX: heart disease, cancer

a. not communicable – cannot be passed from _________________________

b. many are ___________ – lasting for a long time

Review

1. Define disease.

2. What is the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases?

3. What are pathogens?

Infectious Diseases

1. virus –

2. bacteria –

3. protozoa –

4. fungi –

Viruses

1. _________ – tiny, disease-causing particle that invades a healthy cell and instructs that cell to make more viruses

a. Not living things

b. Can only be seen with an electron microscope

c. Spread by _____________ contact – kissing

d. Spread by _____________ contact – using the same drinking glass, insects

e. Can be _____________ with a _____________ – medicine that contains killed or weakened _______________, stimulate the immune system to produce _____________________

i. Antibodies are chemicals that your body produces to ____________ invading pathogens, each fights a particular pathogen

ii. ________________medicine

Bacteria

1. __________________ – are living things that are more complex than virus, small, single celled that do not have a nucleus

a. Most can live on their own

b. Spread through direct/indirect contact as well as through ________, water, and soil

c. Most are harmless, humans could not live without

d. Ex: whooping cough, cholera, _____________, ______________________

e. Control the spread

i. ____________________, keep kitchens clean, don’t share drinks or eating utensils, get treatment for illness before it spreads to other people, boil water

ii. Treated with _________________ – a medicine used to stop the growth or to kill bacteria or other microorganisms

Protozoa and Parasites

1. _______________ – are small, single-celled organism that have a nucleus, they are more complex than bacteria

i. Most are ____________________ to humans, others are harmful, EX: Giardia – found in water supplies, upset stomach, cramps, diarrhea, outbreaks are _____________ in America

2. ________________ – an organism that gets its food from another organism, called the host, without killing the host

i. Plasmodium – causes malaria, carried by a certain mosquito

ii. Cannot see with the naked eye

iii. Drugs are available to treat

Fungi

1. _______________– complex organisms that cannot make their own food

a. Break down other substances and absorb the nutrients from them

b. Are everywhere and most are harmless

c. ___________________________ and yeast infections

d. spread person to person or by fungal spores in the air, water, or soil

e. can be treated with medicines applied to skin or medicine taken by mouth

Review

1. Identify and define four causes of infectious diseases.

2. What is an antibiotic?

3. Why does your doctor need to know that the illness you have is caused by a virus?

Controlling Disease

1. antibodies –

2. immunity –

3. resistance –

4. vaccines –

5. antibiotics –

6. hygiene habits –

7. injection –

8. booster –

9. penicillin –

10. epidemic –

11. infections –

12. toxins –

History

1. vaccines – medicines that make a person ________________

a. 1st vaccine developed by Edward ___________ to fight _______________

b. contain weakened or dead microorganisms so they cannot multiply and cause infection

c. the body uses white blood cells to fight against the microorganism

d. not all vaccines give you immunity for life – must get a __________ shot to keep immunity

2. ________________– medicines that kill harmful bacteria in the body

a. 1st antibiotic developed by Alexander ________________ when spots of mold caused bacteria to die

b. penicillin – _____________________

c. does not destroy __________________ – colds or flu

3. sanitation – cleanliness

a. years ago unclean conditions caused rapid spread of disease – epidemic

b. today epidemics are rare – ______________________ - Europe

c. sewage is treated to destroy harmful microorganisms

4. __________________________ – ways people keep themselves clean

a. washing hands (Chi Chi’s)

b. covering mouth when sneezing or coughing

5. ______________________________

a. collected often

b. some communities bury it

c. burn it to produce energy

6. Water Treatment

a. dirt is removed and chemicals added to kill microorganisms

b. water stored in a way to keep it clean

7. Food preparation

a. Gov. has law that make businesses prepare and handle food carefully

b. __________________________– process of heating milk to kill bacteria

How do microorganisms cause disease?

1. 2 different ways to cause harm (both ways can happen at the same time)

a. make _______________which interfere with the way the body works; attacks cells

b. ________________ – multiplying of pathogens

Defense against Disease

1. ____________ – your body’s 1st line of defense, acts as a protective wall to keep organisms out, hairs in nose are included

2. __________________ – produce mucus, a sticky fluid that traps pathogens. These line your mouth, nose, eyes, throat, and other body parts

3. _____________________________ – these body fluids contain chemicals that kill bacteria

4. ____________________ – sometimes pathogens enter your body through the food you eat or the liquids you drink. Most of the pathogens that enter are killed by acid in your stomach

5. helpful microorganism – ________________________

6. Microorganisms can only live where they can get what they need to stay alive

i. All need food and water

ii. Some need air, others don’t

iii. Some need warm places, others in only cold areas

iv. Some need a human body

***____________________________________________________***

7. Immune system – goes to work if pathogens get through

a. Tissues, organs, and cells that _________________________________

b. Consist of white blood cells

i. 1 type produces chemicals that ______________ to pathogens so that the pathogens cannot attack a normal body cells

ii. 2nd type either ______________ pathogens directly or stimulates other WBCs to attack pathogens

iii. 3rd type found in body tissues, surrounds and ______________ invading pathogens

c. ____________________ - contains large numbers of WBCs

i. as blood flows through your spleen WBCs remove pathogens in your blood and kill them

ii. the spleen releases WBCs into your _____________ to fight pathogens that may be in other parts of your body

d. take care of your immune system

i. ________________

ii. ________________

iii. ________________

Review

1. List 3 lines of defense your body has to protect itself from infection.

2. Why is your blood an important part of your immune system?

3. Describe two ways to protect yourself from infectious diseases?

4. Identify two ways to control the spread of infectious diseases?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. symptoms –

2. sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) –

3. AIDS –

4. abstinence –

5. transmitted –

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and the Immune System

1. transmitted - HIV/AIDS is spread _____________

a. _________________

b. _________________

c. __________________________________________

2. cause – virus - HIV causes AIDS – deadly disease that ___________ the body’s ability to fight ______________

a. Weakens the _______________ system and cannot fight off other diseases

b. A person with AIDS usually dies from a disease that a ____________________ immune system would ______________

3. HIV to AIDS – may not develop for _____________________

a. Even if a person shows __________________ they can still infect others

STD’s

A. cause – virus or bacteria

2. transmission - intimate body contact

3. symptoms – depend on the disease/infection

a. ______________________

-swelling of and scars on the ovaries and testes

-_____________– curable with antibiotic

-microbe bacteria can be spread from mother to baby during birth

b. ______________________

-no symptoms in females, but causes painful urination in males

-can damage heart, ovaries and testes, and joints

-_____________ – curable with antibiotic

B. What is Hepatitis?

1. caused by a _______________ that infects the __________ (3 types)

2. transmission - Hepatitis A – spread form unwashed hands or by sharing food/drinking glass (saliva)

3. symptoms - nausea, vomiting, yellow coloring of the skin, stomachache, and fever

C. What is Mononucleosis?

1. cause – ____________________

2. transmission – saliva, droplets from mouth, sharing containers

3. symptoms – starts with a fever, swollen ____________________, tiredness, sore throat

D. Abstinence and Preventing STDs

1. The only way to be absolutely sure that you will not get an STD is _________

2. Abstinence – ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

A. Most STDs are transmitted only by direct contact with body fluids

B. Body fluids include saliva, blood, semen, and vaginal fluid

1. Do not use _______________

2. Do not share _____________

3. Do not have ______________

C. benefits include respect, reaching personal goals, avoiding the risk of pregnancy and respecting your parents

Review

1. Define STD and list 5 common STDs.

2. What is AIDS?

3. Describe how HIV attacks the immune system.

4. Describe ways to avoid getting an STD.

Noninfectious Diseases

1. noninfectious diseases –

2. genetic disease –

3. congenital disease –

4. chronic –

5. tumor –

6. carcinogens –

7. insulin –

Causes of noninfectious disease

1. ______________________ – is a disease or disorder that is caused entirely or partly by genetic information passed on to a child from one or both parents.

a. EX: __________________

2. ________________________________ – is a disease or disorder that is present at birth, but is not a genetic disease

a. EX: __________________________

3. Lifestyle choices

a. Using _____________ may cause heart disease or lung cancer

b. Pollution may trigger asthma attacks or cause lung cancer

4. Noninfectious diseases are the leading cause of _______________ in America

a. are not caused by pathogens or passed from one person to another, come from inside a person’s body

Common Noninfectious Diseases

1. __________________ – high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and artery diseases are types of heart disease

a. Leading cause of _______________ in the United States

b. What is ___________________________?

1. ____________________ – blood pushes too hard against the artery walls

2. tends to be present in some families

3. chronic HBP makes artery walls ________________________, which causes the heart to work harder

4. can cause heart to grow _____________________________________

5. _________________can result – blood vessel bursts in the _________

c. atherosclerosis – hardening of the arteries due to plaque build up

1. can result in a heart attack

2. ______________ – diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to use sugar properly

a. ______________ is needed to use sugar – hormone that helps move sugar in your blood to cells, cells turn sugar into energy, extra is carried to liver for storage

b. _______________ develops when people cannot make enough insulin

c. sugar stays in blood and does not enter cells

d. sugar levels in blood rise which can cause ________________

e. high levels cause extra sugar to go into kidneys and urine, causing a person to urinate more often

f. cannot be cured, but can be maintained

3. _________________ – is a group of diseases in which cells grow _____________________ and invade and destroy healthy tissues. Cancer can attack any part of the body

a. ________________ – cancer causing agents

1. _______________ – taking certain types of drugs to treat cancer

2. _______________– energy carried in waves that are used to change the DNA of a cell or it can damage the genes of a cancer cell so that it cannot grow and divide any more. It is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

4. Allergy – an allergy is an ____________________ of the immune system to something in your surroundings that is harmless to most people

5. ____________________ – asthma is a breathing disease that can be triggered by allergies, infections, exercise, changes in weather, and smoke

6. _________________________________ – Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable brain disease that causes a gradual and permanent loss of memory and other brain functions

Review

1. Compare and contrast genetic and congenital disease.

2. What is a noninfectious disease?

3. Name three common noninfectious diseases and the way in which each can be treated or controlled.

4. Why is it unfair to tease someone who was born with a genetic disorder?

5. What happens in the body of a person with diabetes?

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