Grammar in Context Review Lesson - Cengage

[Pages:40]Review Lesson

PART 1: VERBS

A. Study Charts

Be

Simple Present Tense Simple Past

Future Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Modals

Affirmative He is tired. I am afraid. He was absent.

I work. He works.

I worked. I ate. I fell. I studied.

I am going to study. I will study.

He is sleeping.

He was sleeping.

You have broken the mirror.

We have been studying for two hours. He can study. You should go.

Negative He isn't tired. I'm not afraid. He wasn't absent.

I don't work. He doesn't work.

I didn't work. I didn't eat. I didn't fall. I didn't study.

I am not going to study. I won't study.

He isn't sleeping.

He wasn't sleeping.

You haven't broken the mirror.

We haven't been studying for two hours. He cannot study. You shouldn't go.

Be--Present

I am You, We, They are He, She, It is

Be--Past

I, He, She, It was You, We, They were

Part 1: Verbs

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B. Rules and Editing Practice

Look at the rules and study the examples in the column on the left. Find and correct the errors in the edit column on the right. Not every sentence has a mistake.

Rule 1. For the simple present tense, use the s form for he, she, it, singular subjects, gerund subjects, and subjects beginning with every and no.

Study

She has a computer. He needs my help. Your composition looks good. Learning a new language takes time. Everyone deserves a good life. Nobody wants to get old.

Wrong: She have a computer.

Edit

s 1. My brother work in a restaurant. 2. My best friend li^ves in Australia. 3. Getting a college degree require hard work. 4. Nobody know how I feel. 5. No one have time for me now. 6. Every child deserves love. 7. Everybody want respect. 8. That building needs repair.

Rule 2. When the subject is I, we, they, you, or a plural word, use the base form, not the -s form.

Study

I like ice cream. You live near me. We walk to school. My parents live in China. Note: People is a plural word. Some people have a hard life.

Wrong: Some people has a hard life.

Edit

1. They has free time now. 2. People complains a lot. 3. My parents lives in Germany. 4. The students want more practice. 5. All her friends has a cell phone.

Rule 3. To form the negative of the simple present tense, use don't with I, you, we, they, and plural subjects. Use doesn't with he, she, it, and singular subjects. Always use the base form after don't or doesn't.

Study

I speak Italian. I don't speak German. We know the question. We don't know the answer. He has a bike. He doesn't have a car. She lives in Los Angeles. She doesn't live in San Diego.

Wrong: She doesn't lives in San Diego.

Edit

1. He don't know your name. 2. We doesn't speak French. 3. Some people doesn't have a cell phone. 4. They don't want to go home. 5. I don't like his new jacket. 6. She doesn't lives in New York.

R-2 Review Lesson

Rule 4. To describe regular activity or repeated action, use the base form or the ?s form for the simple present tense. Don't use the -ing form.

Study

I always drink coffee in the morning. She never walks to school.

Wrong: She never walking to school.

Edit

1. I usually sitting near the door. 2. We always watch TV at night. 3. She driving to school every day. 4. I brush my teeth three times a day. 5. She doesn't eating breakfast every day.

Rule 5. Use the correct form of be. (I am, He is, She is, It is, You are, We are, They are) (I was, He was, She was, It was, You were, We were, They were)

Study

My parents are very kind. We are sorry about your problem. Your sister is intelligent. You were late yesterday. My brother was at the soccer game last week.

Edit

1. My friends is always good to me. 2. We was in Canada last summer. 3. You were in class yesterday. 4. Most people is kind. 5. They wasn't here yesterday.

Rule 6. Do not use a form of be to form the simple present or the simple past tense.

Study

I like my new dog. Wrong: I am like my new dog.

She bought a new CD player. Wrong: She was bought a new CD player.

Edit

1. She's needs some help. 2. I'm know Spanish well. 3. She was took the test last week. 4. The accident was happened at four o'clock. 5. I left my keys at home. 6. He was opened the present.

Rule 7. Many past-tense verbs are irregular. Use the correct form. For a complete list of irregular verbs, see Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix M.

Study

She left early this morning. We saw the movie last night. I knew the answer. She fell down two days ago.

Wrong: She falled down.

Edit

1. They went home early last night. 2. She heared the news on the radio this

morning. 3. He see the accident yesterday. 4. They wrote a composition last night.

Part 1: Verbs

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Rule 8. After do, does, and did, use the base form.

Study

Doesn't she have a cell phone? Does she know the answer? Did you drive the car? Did he bring his book today?

Wrong: Did he brought his book today?

Edit

1. Did you saw the movie yesterday? 2. Does she understands the problem? 3. Did you find the newspaper? 4. Does the teacher have your paper? 5. Does your father knows your cell phone

number? 6. Does he has a laptop computer?

Rule 9. To make the negative of regular and irregular past-tense verbs, use didn't + the base form.

Study

She saw the movie. She didn't see the play. She studied French. She didn't study German.

Wrong: She don't studied German. She lost her keys. She didn't lose her wallet.

Wrong: She didn't lost her wallet.

Edit

1. He didn't went to the party last Saturday. 2. I don't watched the news last night. 3. She didn't find a job last week. 4. He took the keys. He didn't take the money.

Rule 10. In American English, the negative of have as a main verb is don't have. The negative of has is doesn't have. The negative of had is didn't have.

Study

Edit

British: He has money. He hasn't any time. American: He has money. He doesn't have any time.

Change to American English: 1. She hadn't time to do her homework last

night. 2. I haven't money for the bus. 3. He hasn't a car.

Rule 11. Use was/were with born. Do not use did with born. Do not put an ending on born.

Study

I was born in 1978. Wrong: I borned in 1978.

Where were your parents born? Wrong: Where did your parent born?

Edit

1. They were born in Guatemala. 2. I borned in July. 3. When was your parents born? 4. Did you born before 1985?

R-4 Review Lesson

Rule 12. Continuous tenses = a form of be + verb -ing.

Study

We are correcting sentences. She was driving when she had an accident. They have been living in the U.S. for three years.

Wrong: They have living in the U.S. for three years.

The teacher is teaching us about verbs. Wrong: The teacher teaching us about verbs.

Edit

1. He eating lunch now. 2. He's work now. 3. I sleeping when the phone rang. 4. They are driving home now. 5. The baby has sleeping for four hours. 6. I'm read a great book now. 7. You have been working for six hours.

Rule 13. Don't use a continuous tense with nonaction verbs (believe, care, cost, hate, have, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, own, prefer, remember, see, seem, think (about), understand, want, and sense perception verbs: taste, smell, feel, sound, look).

Study

I remember my first day in the U.S. We don't need your help now. I like your new shirt.

Wrong: I am liking your new shirt.

Edit

1. Are you wanting to go home now? 2. I am not remembering the name of my first

teacher. 3. This music sounds beautiful. 4. He is understanding English now. 5. Do you own a cell phone now?

Rule 14. Present perfect tense = have/has + past participle. Use the present perfect for: ? actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present. ? activities that repeat in a present time period. ? an indefinite time in the past.

Study

Edit

I have taken several art courses. She has been here since May.

Wrong: She been here since May. The teacher has given several tests.

Note: Don't confuse the -ing form with the -en form.

1. I have made many mistakes. 2. They been here for two hours. 3. I've look at the clock five times. 4. She has eating dinner already. 5. Have you ever been in France? 6. We haven't given our parents a gift yet.

Wrong: The teacher has giving several tests.

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Rule 15. Present perfect continuous = have/has + been + verb-ing. Use the present perfect continuous for actions that started in the past and continue to the present.

Study

He has been studying for two hours. We have been working for five weeks.

Wrong: We been working for five weeks. She has been giving me piano lessons for three years.

Note: Don't confuse the -ing form with the -en form.

Wrong: She has been given me piano lessons for three years.

Edit

1. You have been worked for two hours. 2. They've been sleeping for five hours. 3. I've living in Chicago for three months. 4. She's been taken English classes for three

years. 5. She been sleeping for six hours. 6. I have studying English for three years.

Rule 16. After certain verbs (want, need, expect, try), use an infinitive (to + base form).

Study

I needed to find a job. Wrong: I needed to found a job.

I expect to get an A in this course. Wrong: I expect get an A.

Note: If two infinitives are connected with and, don't repeat to. The second verb is an infinitive without to.

She wants to get married and have children.

Edit

1. She needs buy a new car. 2. I wanted called you yesterday. 3. She wanted to left early last night. 4. She wants to finish college and finding a job. 5. He expected to receive a letter yesterday. 6. I like to receive and to send letters.

R-6 Review Lesson

Rule 17. Include be and to with the following expressions: be supposed to, be allowed to, be permitted to, be able to. Be sure to put a d at the end of supposed, allowed, permitted.

Study

Are you able to find a job? I am supposed to write my composition on the computer.

Wrong: I supposed to write my composition on the computer.

The child is not permitted to see the movie. Wrong: The child is not permitted see the movie.

We are not allowed to talk during a test. Wrong: We are not allow to talk during a test.

Edit

1. You are able to speak English well. 2. We not supposed to talk during a test. 3. You're not allowed park on this side of the

street. 4. We not permitted to use our dictionaries

during a test. 5. You're not suppose to write on that paper.

Rule 18. Future = will + base form or am/is/are + going to + base form.

Study

She will eat dinner later. She is going to eat dinner later.

Note: Don't use be together with a simple future tense verb.

Wrong: I will be eat dinner later.

Note: Don't use will and going to together. Wrong: I will going to eat dinner later.

Edit

1. He will coming home later. 2. She will become a doctor. 3. I going to visit my parents on Saturday. 4. You will be have a good time on your

vacation. 5. I will going to visit my cousins next week.

Rule 19. When talking about the future, use the simple-present tense in a time clause or an if clause.

Study

Edit

She will eat dessert after she finishes dinner. If you are at the library, the librarian will help you. I will do my homework after I go home.

Wrong: I will do my homework after I will go home.

1. When I will return to my country, I will visit my parents.

2. He will go to the movies if he will have time. 3. She will visit the Eiffel Tower when she is in

Paris. 4. If I'm home before 10 p.m., I'll call you.

Part 1: Verbs

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Rule 20. We show purpose with to + the base form.

Study

He used a knife to open the box. She needs money to go to college. I came to this school to learn English.

Wrong: I came to this school for learning English.

Wrong: I came to this school for learn English.

Edit

1. I turned on the TV for watch the weather. 2. She used a spell check to check her spelling

mistakes. 3. He came to the U.S. for improving his skills.

Rule 21. After a modal, use the base form. (Modals = can, could, will, would, should, may, might, must.)

Study

Edit

They can learn English. You should drive carefully.

Wrong: You should to drive carefully.

Note: To make a negative of a modal, put not after the modal.

They couldn't help me. Wrong: They don't could help me.

1. She don't can drive. 2. I can't to help you. 3. You shouldn't making so much noise. 4. It may rain tonight. 5. You must to leave immediately. 6. You should not drive so fast.

Rule 22. Don't forget the d in used to.

Study

They used to have a dog. I used to live with my grandparents.

Wrong: I use to live with my grandparents.

Edit

1. She use to own a house, but she sold it. 2. I used to live with my uncle. 3. They use to play video games.

R-8 Review Lesson

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