Primary Exam Workshop 2005



Primary Exam Workshop 2005

Pharmacology MCQs

1. Regarding steroids:

a) glucocorticoids have no effect on the nervous system

b) given chronically they suppress the pituitary release of ACTH, GH, TSH and LH

c) glucosteroids stimulate the function of tissue macrophages

d) glucosteroids have no effect on development of foetal organs

e) they decrease the number of platelets

2. Regarding anti-emetics:

a) dopamine antagonists are first line treatment for motion sickness

b) promethazine is less sedating than prochlorperazine

c) ondansetron is useful in cisplatin-induced emesis

d) domperidone easily passes the blood-brain barrier

e) metodopramide has an antikinetic effect on the gut

3. Regarding fluroquinolones:

a) they are useful in the treatment of methicillin-susceptible strains of Staph. aureus

b) norfloxacin has good gram-positive cover

c) bioavailability is relatively poor

d) ciprofloxacin is effective for gonococcal infections

e) megaloblastic anaemia is a recognised side-effect

4. Regarding half-life:

a) it is proportional to clearance

b) it is proportional to volume of distribution

c) a change reflects a change in elimination

d) 25% of steady state concentration is reached after one half-life

e) 3 half-lives must elapse before steady state is achieved

5. With regard to second messengers:

a) adenylcyclase converts intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic GMP

b) G-proteins bind and hydrolyse ATP

c) ß adrenergic amines act on receptors that activate G5 protein

d) G receptors transverse the cell membrane 20 times

e) acetylcholine action on muscarinic receptors acts via cAMP

6. Regarding biotransformation:

a) phase I reactions convert the parent drug to a less polar metabolite

b) phase II reactions cannot proceed unless phase I reactions are complete

c) metabolic products are usually more pharmacologically active than parent drugs

d) the cytochrome P450 cycle converts NADPH to NADP+

e) intestinal metabolism does not contribute to the 1st pass effect

7. In clinical trials to evaluate a new drug, which one of the following is FALSE?

a) phase I evaluates the drug on a function of dosage in healthy volunteers

b) phase 2 evaluates the palatability of a drug

c) phase 3 evaluates safety and efficacy in a larger number of patients

d) phase 4 constitutes monitoring the safety of a new drug under actual conditions

e) application to market a new drug occurs on completion of phase 3

8. Regarding salbutamol:

a) it has significant tachyphylaxis

b) it acts predominantly on B1-adrenoceptors

c) nebulisers deliver larger drug particles than metered dose inhalers

d) nebulised salbutamol is more effective than salbutamol delivered by a metered dose inhaler

e) it decreases the formation of cyclic AMP in airway tissue

9. Regarding volume of distribution:

a) it is an absolute volume

b) it relates the amount of drug in the plasma to the administered dose

c) drugs with high volume of distribution have much higher concentration in extravascular tissue, compared to that in plasma

d) meningeal inflammation decreases volume of distribution for penicillin

e) it remains the same in blood, plasma or water

10. Concerning warfarin and anticoagulation:

a) bioavailability of warfarin is 70%

b) amiodarone and warfarin increase prothrombin time

c) fluconazole and warfarin decrease prothrombin time

d) warfarin activates gamma carboxylation of glutamate residues in clotting factors

e) hypothyroidism increases prothrombin time

11. Metoprolol:

a) has a half-life of 15-20 hours

b) is very lipid soluble

c) has moderate agonist activity

d) has a bioavailability of ................
................

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