Pascal - Tutorialspoint

Pascal

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Pascal

About the Tutorial

Pascal is a procedural programming language, designed in 1968 and published in

1970 by Niklaus Wirth and named in honor of the French mathematician and

philosopher Blaise Pascal. Pascal runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows,

Mac OS, and various versions of UNIX/Linux.

This tutorial will give you great understanding of Pascal to proceed with Delphi

and other related frameworks etc.

Audience

This tutorial is designed for Software Professionals who are willing to learn Pascal

Programming Language in simple and easy steps. This tutorial will give you great

understanding on Pascal Programming concepts, and after completing this tutorial,

you will be at intermediate level of expertise from where you can take yourself to

higher level of expertise.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of

software basic concepts like what is source code, compiler, text editor, and

execution of programs, etc. If you already have understanding on any other

computer programming language, then it will be an added advantage to proceed.

Copyright & Disclaimer

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precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors.

Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy,

timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If

you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at

contact@

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Table of Contents

About the Tutorial ................................................................................................................................... ii

Audience ................................................................................................................................................. ii

Prerequisites ........................................................................................................................................... ii

Copyright & Disclaimer............................................................................................................................ ii

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i

1.

OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................... 1

Features of the Pascal Language ............................................................................................................. 1

Facts about Pascal ................................................................................................................................... 1

Why to use Pascal?.................................................................................................................................. 2

2.

ENVIRONMENT SET UP ........................................................................................................ 3

Installing Free Pascal on Linux ................................................................................................................. 3

Installing Free Pascal on Mac .................................................................................................................. 4

Installing Free Pascal on Windows .......................................................................................................... 4

Text Editor............................................................................................................................................... 4

3.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE........................................................................................................ 5

Pascal Program Structure ........................................................................................................................ 5

Pascal Hello World Example .................................................................................................................... 6

Compile and Execute Pascal Program ...................................................................................................... 7

4.

BASIC SYNTAX ...................................................................................................................... 9

Variable................................................................................................................................................... 9

Functions/Procedures ............................................................................................................................. 9

Comments ............................................................................................................................................... 9

Case Sensitivity ..................................................................................................................................... 10

Pascal Statements ................................................................................................................................. 10

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Pascal

Reserved Words in Pascal ..................................................................................................................... 10

Character Set and Identifiers in Pascal .................................................................................................. 10

5.

DATA TYPES ....................................................................................................................... 12

Pascal Data Types .................................................................................................................................. 12

Type Declarations.................................................................................................................................. 12

Integer Types ........................................................................................................................................ 13

Constants .............................................................................................................................................. 13

Enumerated types ................................................................................................................................. 14

Subrange Types ..................................................................................................................................... 14

6.

VARIABLE TYPES ................................................................................................................ 16

Basic Variables in Pascal ........................................................................................................................ 16

Variable Declaration in Pascal ............................................................................................................... 16

Variable Initialization in Pascal .............................................................................................................. 18

Enumerated Variables ........................................................................................................................... 19

Subrange Variables ............................................................................................................................... 20

7.

CONSTANTS ....................................................................................................................... 21

Declaring Constants .............................................................................................................................. 21

8.

OPERATORS ....................................................................................................................... 23

Arithmetic Operators ............................................................................................................................ 23

Relational Operators ............................................................................................................................. 24

Boolean Operators ................................................................................................................................ 26

Bit Operators......................................................................................................................................... 28

Operators Precedence in Pascal ............................................................................................................ 31

9.

DECISION MAKING............................................................................................................. 33

if-then Statement .................................................................................................................................. 34

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 34

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Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 35

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 35

if-then-else Statement .......................................................................................................................... 36

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 36

Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 36

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 37

The if-then-else if-then-else Statement ................................................................................................. 37

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 38

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 38

Nested if-then Statements .................................................................................................................... 39

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 39

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 40

Case Statement ..................................................................................................................................... 41

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 41

Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 42

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 42

Case Else Statement .............................................................................................................................. 43

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 43

Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 44

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 44

Nested Case Statements ....................................................................................................................... 45

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 45

Example ................................................................................................................................................ 45

10. LOOPS ............................................................................................................................... 47

While-do Loops ..................................................................................................................................... 48

Syntax ................................................................................................................................................... 48

Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 49

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