Astronomy - Commack Schools



Lab Practical

Lab Practical Practice

1) Minerals & Rocks

a) Based on the minerals properties, assign each of the following minerals a letter from the diagram above (use your ESRT’s):

b) Observe the pictures of the rocks below. Classify them as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic, and write the evidence you observe that supports your answer.

2) Earthquakes

a) How many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter? __________

b) Use the seismogram and your ESRT’s to fill in the data table below.

c) The epicenter distance you just calculated is for New Orleans. Draw a circle on the map above using a safety compass. Your circle may extend off the map.

d) Mark the epicenter of the earthquake and label it on the map above.

4) Elliptical Orbits

a) Calculate the eccentricity of the orbit above:

b) Label the Sun in the diagram with an S.

c) Place an F on the orbit where the planet would be moving the fastest and the gravity will be the greatest.

d) Look up Earths eccentricity in your ESRT’s.

Earth’s eccentricity = ____________

e) Compare Earth’s eccentricity to the eccentricity you calculated above. Which is more elliptical and why?

_________________ orbit is more elliptical because _______________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

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Mineral Identification Properties

Hardness

Resistance to scratching.

Harder or softer than glass.

Streak

Color of power left on a streak plate.

Cleavage

Breaks along pairs of flat surfaces.

Non-metallic

Dull, light colors, not heavy

Metallic

May look like shiny metal or be dark and dull.

Feels heavy

Luster

How the mineral reflects light

Halite has cleavage in 3 directions at 90°

(Called cubic)

Mica has cleavage in one direction - breaks

into thin flexible sheets.

Rock Classification

METAMORPHIC

SEDIMENTARY

IGNEOUS

Earthquake Station

Draw the circle(s) using the compass.

Mark the epicenter with an X.

Determine lag Time (difference between P & S wave arrival)

Lag time = ____________________

Use P & S Wave Chart to

Determine Distance

to epicenter:

Epicenter Distance _____________

Eccentricity Station

Label the Sun in the ellipse.

Put a G on the axis where the planet will have the greatest velocity and gravity.

Calculate the Eccentricity:

Draw an ellipse using pins,

string, and cardboard.

Eccentricity = Distance between the foci

Length of the Major Axis

Note: there are NO units

The value must be between 0 and 1

Must be to nearest thousandths

0 is a perfect circle

1 is a straight line

[pic]

.

.

[pic]

Compare Eccentricities:

More elliptical means more oval with a larger eccentricity.

Less elliptical means more circular, so a smaller eccentricity.

.

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

Increasing Eccentricity

MINERAL NAME

LETTER IT WOULD BE ON CHART ABOVE

CHECK BOX IF IT HAS CLEAVAGE

CHECK BOX IF IT HAS A METALLIC LUSTER

CHECK BOX IF IT SCRATCHES GLASS

(HARDER THAN 5.5)

Quartz

Calcite

Pyrite

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Class____________________

Evidence_________________

________________________

Arrival of P wave

Arrival of S wave

2:34:00 2:36:00 2:38:00 2:40:00

Lag Time

S wave arrival time

P wave arrival time

Epicenter Distance

02:39:10

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