Wind Turbine Design - NREL
Technische Universit?t M?nchen Wind Energy Institute
Wind Turbine Design
Origins of Systems Engineering and MDAO for Wind Energy Applications
Carlo L. Bottasso Technische Universit?t M?nchen, Germany
WESE Workshop, Pamplona, Spain, 2-3 October 2019
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
Outline
Some technical reasons behind the falling prices of energy from wind
Multidisciplinarity and the need for MDAO
MDAO tools: architectures, methods, limits and gaps
Conclusions and outlook
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
Design Trends
Higher tower higher wind speed because of vertical shear
Reducing specific power, i.e. size grows more than power rating
Data for onshore turbines 1MW
Larger swept area larger power capture
(Source: IEA Wind TCP Task 26)
Improved capacity factor lower CoE
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
Why?
Rated
power:
=
Rated
wind
speed
=
Since can not be drastically increased, the most effective way to decrease is to reduce specific power (or power loading)
Increasing A
Decreasing
More time spent in region III at full power, increased capacity factor
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines Weight (Cost)
Design Trends & Challenges
Larger machines can not be designed by simple upscaling of smaller ones, to avoid cubic law of growth: need for R&D and technological innovation
Grows as size3
Technological
(but AEP only as size2) innovation
Size
(source: LM Wind Power)
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
Some Present and Future Technological Innovations that Enable Upscaling
Each innovation will come with pros and cons Systems engineering -the final judge-: "Nice idea, but does it reduce CoE?"
How Did We Get Here?
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
12 MW
HALIADE-X 12MW 220m
GE 2021
SWT-8.0-154 V164 Vestas Siemens 2017 8MW 2016
9.5MW 2017
WTS-4 (4 MW) Hamilton Standard, 1982
MOD-5B (3.2 MW) Boeing, 1987
10 kW 1970
V10 (30 kW) Vestas, 1979
2019
(in part from G. van Kuik, TUDelft)
Design Optimization of Wind Turbines
12 MW
Just Compare the Blades!
Materials
Solidity
Airfoils
Shape
Add-ons
HALIADE-X 12MW 220m
GE 2021
SWT-8.0-154 V164 Vestas Siemens 2017 8MW 2016
9.5MW 2017
MOD-5B (3.2 MW) Boeing, 1987
10 kW 1970
V10 (30 kW) Vestas, 1979
2019
................
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