From the Street View: What Newark Student Commuters Eat



From the Street View: What Newark Student Commuters EatUrban EntrepreneurshipLeroy Haskett, Ashley Krasucki, Justine Moersdorf, Michael Pinto4/24/2012Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc196928328 \h 2Quadrant 1 PAGEREF _Toc196928329 \h 4SCHOOLS PAGEREF _Toc196928330 \h 5RESTAURANTS PAGEREF _Toc196928331 \h 10Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc196928332 \h 12Quadrant 2 PAGEREF _Toc196928333 \h 12Schools PAGEREF _Toc196928334 \h 13Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc196928335 \h 17Quadrant 3 PAGEREF _Toc196928336 \h 18Schools PAGEREF _Toc196928337 \h 18Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc196928338 \h 27Quadrant 4 PAGEREF _Toc196928339 \h 28SCHOOLS PAGEREF _Toc196928340 \h 28Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc196928341 \h 36From the Street View PAGEREF _Toc196928342 \h 36Data PAGEREF _Toc196928343 \h 37INTRODUCTIONWho is a Newark, New Jersey student commuter? The student commuter is anyone who travels from outside the downtown section of Newark, New Jersey to the downtown section for education purposes. The student commuter travels to the downtown area by many different modes of transportation and from varying distances. The student commuter may be male or female, from any age, race, religion, and ethnicity. Additionally, the student commuter may come from varying degrees of socioeconomic backgrounds; depending upon the student’s age, the SES may vary accordingly. An example may be a child without work experience and be supported by his or her parents or guardians income. Whereas an older child or adult may work and support him or herself, his or her SES may also vary. Thus an individual’s SES is dependent upon their age and dependence status. What types of educational institutions are available in the down town section of Newark, New Jersey? Within the boundaries of the Downtown District there are Preschools, Middle Schools, High Schools, and Colleges. What are the ages of Student commuters in the down town section of Newark, New Jersey? The ages of students in the target geographic area correlate to the school type, until college. Meaning, from pre-school to High school the ages 0-18; for college however, the ages range from 16-90 years old. Where are the Student Commuters coming from? Student commuters are traveling to the target geographic area from 15 minutes or less to one hour or greater distances (miles traveled are not available from secondary research, however miles traveled may be inferred from D=R*T, assuming 50 mph as an average speed traveled and 15 minutes of time, would equal 12.5 miles respectably) How are student commuters travelling to the Down Town section of Newark, New Jersey? Student commuters travel to school by: private transportation: foot, bike, scooter, motorcycle, car, school bus; and by public transportation: taxi, bus, and train. Research MethodologyThe defined area has been split up into four distinct quadrants. Through this break-up, it will show schools and the restaurants to give a clearer picture of the constituencies. In addition, these areas will cover individual demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral for each school in the target area. For demographic, overall age, income, and other statistical data gave results to get a better understanding of the population as a whole. For geographic, it is viewed that the actual area had any relation to the peoples' food choices. For the psychographic profiles, reoccurring trends and patterns were studied to identify that the overall attitude or preferences of the people of a certain quadrant. And lastly, behavior is looked at to see if there had any effect on the data, and if it played a role in the choices student commuters have made. Each individual section of Newark has different food-related dilemmas, and not every area was dealing with the same exact problem. Looking at accessibility and whether or not an area had an ample amount of different types of food and if it was easily accessible to those not only with vehicle, but on foot as well. Affordability has be identified as whether or not all types of commuters with different income levels could afford different types of food in the area. When looking at the restaurants, the monetary values have been broken up as follows: “$” is equivalent to anything up to ten dollars, whereas “$$” is between ten-thirty dollars. Availability is strictly about what foods are available at what times of the day and whether or not restaurants in the area are compatible with even the most hectic school schedule. Nutritional value also played a key role in this area. Student commuters not only have different types of food for reliable prices at relevant times, but also that any student no matter what school they attended were also able to eat nutritiously and healthy if they so desired to. Safety and food-handling is also relevant in the downtown Newark district. To ensure that student commuters not only had options, but safe options as well. The way that the food is handled and kept within a food place is extremely important the health and the well-being of the people consuming it. With these guidelines in place, Quadrant 1 includes Nesbitt to Lock Street, Orange to University Avenue and then Central Avenue, Quadrant 2 includes Orange to Division Street, then McCarter Highway to Fulton Street, then Central to University Avenue, Quadrant 3 includes University Ave to Market Street, and then Lock St to Central Avenue. Lastly, and Quadrant 4 includes University Avenue to Market Street and then McCarter Highway to Central Avenue to Fulton Street. The following displays exactly what we found and how the people of our respective areas go about making everyday decisions pertaining to their food intakes.Quadrant 1In the Quadrant 1 area (Lock Street to Nesbitt Street, Orange Street, University Avenue, and Central Avenue), three schools are to be identified as: Torchlight Education Academy, Newark Preschool-Head Start, and Great Oaks Charter School. In addition, there are five restaurants: Sunrise Kitchen, Babe’s Cheesesteak, Intrinsic Café, King Wok, and St. Michael’s Deli.SCHOOLSTorchlight Education Academy Charter-Private 195 Central AvenueDemographicIt is currently home to students ranging from preschool through 8th grade. Therefore, ages range from 3 to 13. After 5th grade, boys and girls are separated into different classrooms.Geographic Torchlight is located between two bus stops. One along Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and Central Avenue, and another on Lock Street and Central Avenue. The school does not provide transportation, so either the student uses city buses, or are dropped off by their parents/guardians. PsychographicAs food preferences differ throughout the school, primarily because of the wide variety of ages, the food provided by the school comes into consideration. Students of all ages are given the same types of food, which ultimately does not correspond with different age groups. Younger children’s food preferences are reflective on their experiences at home (which could be good or bad depending on that child’s home life). In addition, older children, specifically 10-13, develop different likings, as well as food preferences vary between the sexes. BehaviorTypically, students that attend Torchlight Academy go home after school. Unless they take public transportation, they are picked up and the end of the school day. If students are waiting to take the bus home, they have the option to stop at Babe’s Cheesesteak (which is primarily not a good source of food because it is high in fat and considered more of a fast-food type option), or Intrinsic Café (which probably wouldn’t serve to the likings of children). Food SecurityFood is provided by the school. (What they serve is currently unknown.) Also, students are allowed to bring food from home. (It is also unknown if they control what students are allowed to bring in, i.e. Soda and sugary snacks.) Students are not allowed to leave the school to get food, which eliminates the possibility of getting high trans-fatty foods. Newark Preschool-Head Start Preschool 177 Central AvenueDemographicThe Head Start program is designated to 3 to 4 year old children. The schools population is consumed of minorities. Multiple languages spoken include: Spanish, Portuguese, and Creole.GeographicNewark Preschool is located between two bus stops. One along Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and Central Avenue, and another on Lock Street and Central Avenue. Seeing that the school does not provide private transportation, students (accompanied by parents/guardians) are designated to take public transportation. *Only students with disabilities are provides special transportation from the school. PsychographicBeing in a controlled food environment, students in this particular location eat what the school provides them with. Although alternate food options are given, they all comply with a healthy regimen. In addition, since students are of a young age, options of food preferences are not an issue since they will generally comply with school guidelines. Boy and girls have a similar food preference at this age. BehaviorAfter school, unless the child attends day care, generally go home. Since the children are too young to eat outside of school, restaurants in this area have no effect on their decisions. Food SecurityFood is provided from the school, eliminating the possibility of outside restaurants as a food source. Parents are provided menu’s on a weekly basis to show what their child will be consuming. Since food is provided to the students, it is always accessible. Food is included in tuition fees; therefore it is “free” to the students. Preparing conditions are currently unknown. Since frozen foods are provided, proper refrigeration is assumed. On their menu’s, students are provided with Fruit, Vegetables, Carbohydrates, Dairy, Meat, Chicken, and minimal Fat. Food charts are given, determining whether the food is Fresh, Frozen, Prepared, or Canned. See Appendix A for a sample MenuGreat Oaks Charter School Charter 28 Burnet Street/21 Eagle StreetDemographicThe Charter School is home to 6th, 7th, and 8th graders. The age range is from 11-13 years old. The school is comprised of 93% minorities. Approximately 77% of those students live below the poverty line. GeographicThe school is in a prime, public transportation area. Located about three blocks from the Newark Broad St. Station, and multiple bus stops, students are able to come into the downtown area with no problems. Especially if the student lives in the area, the parents are liable to get their child to school promptly. PsychographicAccording to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, food preferences for 10-14 year old children varied as a group and they further between the sexes. As to be assumed, children of this age group tend to favor foods such as: pizza, ice cream, spaghetti, French fries, hamburgers, and potato chips. Foods that were seen as a dislike were: liver, steamed fish, red cabbage, and vegetables. Typically, boys’ preferences liked things such as: fast food, meats, cold cuts, and fish. Girls on the other hand typically preferred fruit, vegetables, and cheeses. BehaviorSince children in this school are of a more independent type of age, they typically do not get picked up from parents, but rather take public transportation to get home. Walking on the streets, you see around 2-4 (an average ending school day) students walking around in uniforms waiting for the bus to arrive. Since there is not a nearby deli, or other type of restaurants, students tend to stay close to the bus stops.Food SecurityAlthough food is provided by the school, they also allow students to bring food within the school system. Looking at that aspect alone, the accessibility in this area lacks food security. From direct paths from transportation hubs, students have no access to food unless they go off the specific path to school. Additionally, if the student does not bring food from home, the school provides them with breakfast and lunch. Currently, the school is under contract with The National School Lunch Program that helps them provide food to students. This either allows students free breakfast and lunch, or at a reduced price. The United States Department of Agriculture provides Great Oaks with equipment to properly prepare food, in compliance with the National School Lunch Program. The school instated a policy in which no student is allowed to drink a sugar or caffeinated beverage, such as soda, during lunchtime. Since the USDA controls the food being issued to the school, the quality of food should be deemed of good nutritious quality. Since the food is provided from the National School Lunch Program, the quality of food is controlled and regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture. RESTAURANTSSunrise Kitchen Chinese Food 84 Sussex Avenue 10am-10pmFor the student commuters from Torchlight, Newark Preschool, and Great Oaks, Sunrise Kitchen is not accessible. The restaurant is not in the walking path from transportation hub, to the destination. The price range is denoted $ (less than $10) Restaurant is clean (clean windows, no dirt on floor). Food is handled properly. Nutritional value depends on the order. Typically, Chinese food is high in sodium, therefore would not be good for all types of people. Chinese food is also a great source of protein. Food is prepared, made to order. Food is always fresh, and made to the individual liking of each individual customer. Babe’s Cheesesteaks Fast Grill Food 191 Central Avenue 7am-11pmBabe’s is accessible from Torchlight as well as Newark Preschool. As the restaurant is between both locations, it makes it prime eating. The price range is denoted $ (less than $10). The way in which business is conducted on a busy day, may affect the handling of peoples orders. Besides prime time hours, handling is more fixated on individual orders. Cheesesteaks tend to be extremely greasy, which has high fat and cholesterol content, therefore not making it a nutritious food source. From personal experience, mixed reviews have been made about Babe’s. Depending on the preparation of the food, determines whether the quality is represented well or not.Intrinsic Cafe Coffee/Café Style Food 5 Sussex Avenue 9am-12amDepending on transportation drop off area, Intrinsic may be within the walking path to Newark Preschool, as well as Torchlight. Great Oaks does not have access to this restaurant. The price range is denoted $ (less than $10). As Designer Appliances are partners with Intrinsic Café, it will be noted that food is properly stored, handled, and prepared. Depending on the items ordered will determine nutritional value. Many slushies, smoothies, and milkshakes are loaded with sugar. Most food products offered give a vast variety of protein. Food and drinks are always made of the finest of ingredients. Made specific to order, specific taste buds will determine if Intrinsic Café meets their standards. King Wok Chinese Food 1 Sussex Avenue 10:30am-11pmDepending on transportation drop off area, King Wok may be within the walking path to Newark Preschool, as well as Torchlight. Great Oaks does not have access to this restaurant. The price range is denoted $ (less than $10). Storage of food is questionable. Food seems to be prepared properly. Restaurant is clean, no dirt, tables always wiped down. Chinese food has a high sodium count. Also, a lot of fried types of food here increase fat content, and decrease the value of protein and omegas. Food quality is no good. Multiple complaints about the poor flavors. Food is said to not be fresh and tasteful. St. Michael’s Deli Deli and Grocery 257 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 7am-8pmThe deli is not primarily accessible to any of the three schools in the quadrant. Although Great Oaks is merely around the block, it is not ideal that a commuter will go out of their way to visit the deli. The price range is denoted $ (less than $10). The deli is clean, no dirt on floor, but windows are a bit cluttered which does not seem safe from the outside. Food is prepared with gloves. Deli meats tend to have higher sodium contents. Also, delis provide an abundance of processed foods such as potato chips, and cookies. In addition, the deli provides some fruit for sale such as banana’s and apples. For commuters sandwich/sub quality is of standard value.SuggestionsAll of the schools in Quadrant 1 have one thing in common; they all provide food to their students. Although some may be more organized than others, some controlled food environments are unknown. For this specific reason, food education seems to be the number one source to helping educate students and parents alike on food options. It is important to reflect what the child eats at home and also what they eat at school. A correlation among both would be likely to translate to healthier eating habits and lifestyles. Food education will also promote the psychological and social well being of each child. This will ultimately help towards their academic education, and further advance them in life as a whole. Quadrant 2In the Quadrant 3 area (University Avenue, Market Street, Lock Street, and Central Avenue), seven schools are to be identified as: Rutgers Business School-Newark, Mesivta, Berkeley College, Star Academy, North Star Academy, Chen School and Greater Newark Charter.SchoolsRutgers Business School Public University 1 Washington ParkDemographicThe age range of this school is as young as 18 and it goes up from there. The typical age is to about 24-25, but there is no age restriction on this institution.GeographicThe school is located near NJ Transit bus stops and near the light rail which takes you to Newark Penn and other areas in Newark as well. There is also ample parking for bikes and vehicles if a student chooses to provide their own mode of transportation to school.PsychographicThere are no immediate food problems seen in this area. There are different restaurants with different hours of operation and different types of food to offer. There are affordable places to eat, such as the Bistro or Fast Break Deli, and then there are more pricey places such as Martini 494. Mesivta of North NJ Jewish High School 520 Broad St, 13th floorDemographicThis is a private, Jewish high school. The age ranges are from 14-18. This institution is for males only. GeographicMesivta is located on Broad St, a couple blocks distance from the Broad St line.PsychographicWhen surveying this area, I saw that the lack of kosher food options were a main problem to the students in this area. They are not allowed to leave for lunch during school hours, but when traveling home or coming to school, they are limited to what they are able to eat in the surrounding area. Star Career Academy Vocational School 550 Broad St, 3rd floorDemographicThis school is a vocational-type school, specializing in different career paths ranging from medical to cooking. This is a private school, welcome to all ages.GeographicThis school is located at a transit hub, which is able to be accessed from all major points surrounding Newark. PsychographicImmediately surrounding this area within walking distance, there are a wide variety of different foods to offer with different price ranges as well. There are options such as sandwiches and random cafes to Thai food and seafood as well.North Star Academy Charter School 10 Washington ParkDemographicThis school is a charter school in Newark. The grades are from K-12 and the ages are from five to eighteen.GeographicNorth Star Academy is also located on Washington Ave, which is near major NJ Transit bus stops and near the light rail as well. The light rail takes you around Newark and surrounding towns and also to Newark Penn which takes you to any stop in the state. PsychographicThe Children are not able to leave the school for lunch, so they are limited to what their parents pack them and what the school provides. There is a standard that the school has in place about what the school is able to provide, and there are ample amounts of healthy, sugar-free options for the kids to purchase at lunch. The school works in cooperation with the parents to uphold this policy. Chen School Day Care 51 Rector StDemographicThis is a private school. This is an early childhood/daycare. It ranges from Pre-K through K. It is co-ed and is from ages three to five. There is no religion affiliated with this school.GeographicIt is located right between McCarter Highway and Broad Street, with access to different modes of transportation as well.PsychographicThe children are given what their parents bring them. If there are daytime snacks provided, it is approved through the parents first (allergies, preferences, etc.)Greater Newark Charter School Charter School 72 Central AveDemographicThis is a public charter school for grades 5-8. This includes children ages ten through thirteen.GeographicSimilar to other schools in my quadrant, this is also located near mass transit locations.PsychographicThere is a strict policy that must be followed by the parents and students about food options that the school provides. Even when students are bringing their own food to school, it must be in compliance with this policy. The policy may be found on their school’s website. Berkeley College Community College 536 Broad StDemographicThis is a public community college. The ages range from 18 and older.GeographicThis is also walking distance to the Broad St line.PsychographicThere are many different food options in the area as well. Ranging from Chinese food, sandwiches and subs and other more expensive options for the students as well. SuggestionsThroughout my quadrant, I found that there were no pressing issues that need to be addressed in a time-sensitive manner. The only thing that was of concern to me was the lack of kosher food choices for the children that attend Mesivta. Although they are not allowed to leave the school during their lunchtime, they are still unable to eat once they leave for home or in the mornings once they are traveling to school. I believe that by expanding these varieties and minimally tweaking some of the hours of surrounding restaurants, this "quadrant" will be operating as effectively as possible for the average student commute, regardless of age.Quadrant 3In the Quadrant 3 area (Orange Street to Division Street, McCarter Highway, Fulton Street to Central Avenue, and University Avenue), schools are to be identified as: Rutgers University-Newark, Essex County Community College, and NJIT.SchoolsRutgers University - Newark Pubic University 101 Warren StreetDemographicsAccording to the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Report of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, the Newark Campus has 11,804 students. The Newark Campus is home to six schools at the undergraduate level and six schools at the graduate level. According to the report, there are a total of 7,465 undergraduate students enrolled in the six schools at the Newark Campus. The following is a breakdown of total enrollment: 3,320 students at the Arts & Sciences School, 767 students at University College, 420 at the College of Nursing, 622 students at the School of Criminal Justice, 2,224 students at Rutgers Business School and 62 students at the School of Public Affairs. Additionally, according to the report, there are 4,339 students enrolled in the six Graduate and Professional schools at the Newark Campus. The following is a breakdown of the total enrollment: 284 students at the College of Nursing, 1,041 students at the Graduate School, 1,913 students at Rutgers Business School, 48 students at the School of Criminal Justice, 801 students at the School of Law, and 252 students at the School of Public Affairs. According to the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Report of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, the ages of students who attend the Rutgers Newark campus are from under 18 to above 64 years old. The following is a breakdown of female undergraduate students at the Rutgers Newark campus: 40 students are under 18 years old, 1,942 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 800 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 427 students are between 25 and 34 years old, 228 students are between 35 and 64, and 2 students are above 64 years old. The following is a breakdown of male undergraduate students at the Rutgers Newark campus: 31 students are under 18 years old, 1,778 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 736 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 406 students are between 25 and 34 years old, and 4 students are between 35 and 64 years old. The total number of Newark undergraduate students by ages are as follows: 70 students are below the age of 18 years old, 3,719 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 1,536 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 833 students are between 25 and 34 years old, 340 students are between 35 and 64 years old, and 3 students are above 64 years old. Age of Graduate and Professional Students, Rutgers Newark According to the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Report of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, the ages of students who attend the Rutgers Newark campus are from under 18 to above 64 years old. The following is a breakdown of female graduate and professional students at the Rutgers Newark campus: 0 students are below 18 years old, 6 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 317 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 679 students are between 25 and 34 years old, 294 students are between 35 and 64 years old, and 2 students are above 64 years old. The following is a breakdown of male graduate and professional students at the Rutgers Newark campus: 0 students are below 18 years old, 4 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 320 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 770 students are between 25 and 34 years old, and 311 students are between 35 and 64 years old. The total number of Newark graduate and professional students by ages are as follows: 0 students are below 18 years old, 10 students are between 18 and 21 years old, 637 students are between 22 and 24 years old, 1,449 students are between 25 and 34 years old, 605 students are between 35 and 64 years old, and 2 students are above 64 years old. Race and Ethnicity of Undergraduate Students, Rutgers Newark According to the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Report of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, the race and ethnicity of undergraduate female and male students are as follows. The breakdown of undergraduate females at the Rutgers Newark campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 702 students are African American, 4 students are American Indian, 805 students are Asian, 806 students are Latino, 818 students are White, 77 students are Foreign, 226 students are other. The breakdown of undergraduate males at the Rutgers Newark campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 441 students are African American, 4 students are American Indian, 826 students are Asian, 593 students are Latino, 926 students are White, 77 students are Foreign, 196 students are other. The total number of Newark undergraduate students by race and ethnicity are as follows: 1,144 students are African American, 9 students are American Indian, 1,631 students are Asian, 1,399 students are Latino, 1,744 students are White, 155 students are Foreign, 422 students are other. Race and Ethnicity of Graduate and Professional Students, Rutgers Newark According to the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Report of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, the race and ethnicity of graduate and professional female and male students are as follows. The breakdown of graduate and professional females at the Rutgers Newark campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 194 students are African American, 2 students are American Indian, 173 students are Asian, 116 students are Latino, 501 students are White, 228 students are Foreign, 85 students are other. The breakdown of graduate and professional males at the Rutgers Newark campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 123 students are African American, 2 students are American Indian, 186 students are Asian, 93 students are Latino, 627 students are White, 259 students are Foreign, 116 students are other. The total number of Newark graduate and professional students by race and ethnicity are as follows: 317 students are African American, 4 students are American Indian, 359 students are Asian, 209 students are Latino, 1,127 students are White, 487 students are Foreign, 201 students are other. GeographicRutgers University – Newark is located near numerous transportation devices including their own privately run bus service. The proximity to food choices is adequate depending on the cost of food, time allocated to making this choice and quality of food. The preferences of the constituents and their particular desires are dependent on varying factors including tastes, age, race and other underlying aspects. PsychographicsThe core values of these constituents are higher learning through the attainment of either a bachelor or master’s degree.BehaviorThe hours at this school vary depending on the individual schedule of the constituent. A student can go to school from anywhere between 8am-9pm at night. The students also may work while they are attending school. The team is concerned with the availability of food choices after 9pm of which there aren’t many. Food SecurityThe university offers food at various locations at reasonable prices. There is even a Starbucks on campus. Still, these establishments do not cater to everyone’s desires and over a period of time can become mundane and repetitious. Accessibility does not seem to be factor until after 6pm. This is when a lot of the stores in the surrounding area seem to close. Therefore, a concern for these students is accessibility to restaurants in the immediate area that are open when they leave the school. Essex County Community College Public University 303 University AvenueNumber of Students In total 13,314 students attend Essex County Community College; of those students, 7,915 students are full time and 5,399 students are part time. Essex County Community College does not offer housing, thus all 13,314 students are commuters to the Newark New Jersey campus. Gender of Students, Essex County Community CollegeAccording to enrollment data from Essex County Community College, 5363 students are male and 7,867 students are female. Race and Ethnicity of Students, Essex County Community CollegeAccording to the enrollment data from Essex County Community College, the race and ethnicity of undergraduate female and male students are as follows. The breakdown of undergraduate females and males at the Essex Newark campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 6,861 students are African American, 24 students are American Indian, 591 students are Asian, 3,101 students are Latino, 1,621 students are White, 410 students have no data, and 706 students are other. There is no distinction between the number of females and males by race or ethnicity. Enrollment By Town Within Essex County According to enrollment data from Essex County Community College the breakdown of where students within Essex County travel to school by town is as follows: 5,227 students are from Newark, 1,565 students are Other In-County, 1,322 students are Out-of-County, 1,294 students are from East Orange, 1,215 students are from Irvington, 740 students are from Bloomfield, 665 students are from West Orange, 644 students are from Belleville, and 642 students are from Orange. The available data makes no distinction between gender, race or ethnicity by town. Age of Students, Essex County Community College According to enrollment data from Essex County Community College, the ages of students who attend the Essex Newark campus are from under 17 to above 50 years old. The following is a breakdown of female and male undergraduate students at the Essex Newark campus: 84 students are 16 years old, 5,455 students are between 17 and 22 years old, 2,648 students are between 23 and 30 years old, 1,462 students are between 31 and 40 years old, 842 students are between 41 and 50 years old, 317 students are over 50 years old, and 138 students have no data available. Income of Students, Essex County Community College According to enrollment data from Essex County Community College, the annual income levels of students who attend the Essex Newark campus are from under $12,000 to above $42,000. The number of students surveyed for this data was 114. The following is a breakdown of income levels by percentage of students at the Essex Newark campus: 18 percent of students earn less than $12,000, 3 percent of students earn between $12,000 and $14,999, 10 percent of students earn between $15,000 and $17,999, 8 percent of students earn between $18,000 and $20,999, 2 percent of students earn between $21,000 and $23,999, 4 percent of students earn between $24,999 and $26,999, 7 percent of students earn between $27,000 and $29,999, 4 percent of students earn between $30,000 and $32,999, 4 percent of students earn between $33,000 and $35,999, 5 percent of students earn between $36,000 and $38,999, 2 percent of students earn between $39,000 and $41,999, and 34 percent of students earn over $42,000. NJIT Public University 199 University AvenueNumber of StudentsIn total 6,604 students undergraduates attend NJIT and 2,954 students are enrolled in the graduate programs. Gender of Students, NJITAccording to enrollment data from NJIT, 6,709 students are male and 2,225 students are female (NJIT). Race and Ethnicity of Students, NJITAccording to the enrollment data from NJIT, the race and ethnicity of undergraduate female and male students are as follows. The breakdown of undergraduate females and males at the NJIT campus by race and ethnicity are as follows: 819 students are African American, 61 students are American Indian, 1,568 students are Asian, 1,316 students are Latino, 2,596 students are White, 1,139 students have no data, and 1,436 students are Internationals. There is no distinction between the number of females and males by race or ethnicity. Age of Students, NJITNo data is available.Essex County Vocational School Vocational Training 91 West Market StreetNumber of Students, Essex County Vocational School According to the NCES School Directory Information Report, 735 students are enrolled in the Essex County Vocational School. Grades of Students, Essex County Vocational School Essex County Vocational School has grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. The following is a breakdown of number of students per grade: 198 students are in 9th grade, 182 students are in 10th grade, 172 students are in 11th grade, and 183 students are in 12th grade. Gender of Students, Essex County Vocational School According to enrollment data from NCES, 331 students are male and 404 students are female. Race and Ethnicity of Students, Essex County Vocational School According to the enrollment data from NCES, the race and ethnicity of female and male students at Essex County Vocational School are as follows. The breakdown of females and males by race and ethnicity are as follows: 492 students are African American, 1 student is American Indian, 5 students are Asian, 233 students are Latino, and 4 students are White. There is no distinction between the number of females and males by race or ethnicity. SuggestionsAfter conducting many hours of primary research in the field, submerging myself in the community, and spending many days and nights coding and analyzing the data collected, I have identified only a few food issues for the Quadrant 3 constituents. For the high school students attending Essex Tech, a nutrition education program or seminar would be a significant informative catalyst to motivate students to make nutritious food choices. Adult students attending, NJIT and Essex County Community College, Essex Vocational, and Rutgers University have two separate food issues. First, college students schedules create a food accessibility issue as restaurants close before students finish class for the night. Second, the infamous “freshman 15” is not exclusive to only the freshman class. Tight budgets, limited time, and the need to “grab and go,” cause many students to eat unhealthy food. Fortunately, college students in the DTD have access to healthy nutritious food options within close proximity to their schools. I propose a two-part plan focusing on information diffusion among students and business owners in the DTD. The first stage of the plan will be to inform students in the DTD about nutrition, through education programs, seminars, and marketing materials. Additionally, students should be informed of when and where to get healthy nutritious food. This information may be disseminated through a website or mobile application and also traditional flyers and posters in high traffic areas. The second stage of the plan would be to provide business owners in the DTD with the primary data collected and inform them of the possibilities of changing their menu to offer additional healthy food options and also to show them the revenue potential of extending their hours of operation to accommodate the late night schedules of students. Quadrant 4In the Quadrant 4 area (University Avenue, Market Street, McCarter Highway, Fulton Street to Central Avenue), five school are to be identified as: Greater Newark Charter School, Alif Muhammad’s Nia School, Science High School, Rutgers University – Newark, and Newark Theology. SCHOOLSGreater Newark Charter School Charter School 72 Central AvenueDemographicWhen student commuters are divided by demographics, it is evident that different issues must be established and questioned. There are several schools in this particular quadrant. They range from elementary to higher education. This report will cover the former first. This quadrant has one charter school. The Greater Newark Charter School, located at 72 Central Avenue has an easy accessibility to neighboring restaurants. The grades are 5-8 and this means that the children are between the ages 10-13. These ages are still dependent on their families and their school for their daily food intake. To understand a family’s food purchasing behavior, demand can be estimated to family income, prices of food and nonfood items, and factors such as family size, composition, and ethnic allegiance that affect preference for particular foodstuffs. There are a total of 178 students attending this school. Black and non-Hispanic account for 167, while Hispanics number 11. 9. There are ten restaurants or cafes along Central Avenue. In close proximity to this particular school which means that accessibility to food is there. GeographicThis school is located near two bus stops going in opposite directions. The directions are east and west. Also located within walking distance is New Jersey Transit Railway. There are a number of food options in between the transit hubs and the school. Research has shown that there are also commuters that drive their children to school.PsychographicThe behavior of the commuters in question can vary depending on the grade of the particular individual. It is a fundamental core value for boys and girls to be different. Taking this into account, the research uncovered the fact that eating habits are primarily taught at the home and transferred to the school. Also there are temperaments and attitudes displayed at school that are not evident at home. Teachers cannot physically make the children eat their food which basically leads to a lot of waste.BehaviorThese learning institutions are inherently at the disposal of the students during the course of the day. The programs are set up basically by the combined inputs of both the Board of Education and the individual teachers at the particular site. There is the free food program that takes into account how much the parents of the students are making. More than half of the students fall into this category. The rest of the students are allowed to bring their own lunch. As a matter of fact, they are not allowed out of the school once they arrive. This school is dependent on the free lunch program provided by the state of New Jersey. Greater Newark Academy School is a public school.Food SecurityIn this model, it is fundamentally up to the state to ensure that the meals served are up to the nutritional value set up by the state. Safety and food handling are therefore turned over to individuals that are certified food handlers. These are the individuals in charge of these massive meals. The people that work under them are not required to have these same credentials. Most of the food is delivered already frozen or in cans and must be kept at either room temperature or remain in a frozen state until ready to be prepped for a meal. Close attention must be paid to fruits that are not already canned. The logistics of feeding programs involve both food preparation and delivery. Preparation can either take place on site or at a centralized kitchen. Centralized procurement can achieve economies by purchasing in volume and can reduce handling losses and storage costs. There is a draw-back to centralization and that is the need for a good transport system. Government food marketing agencies may be able to provide storage containers and small trucks equipped to prevent microbial contamination during transport. Since, this is a state run school they are monitored periodically by the state which tries to ensure that proper protocol is being met and maintained.Alif Muhammad’s Nia School Public School 50 Park PlaceDemographicAlif Muhammad’s Nia School which is located at 50 Park Place, lobby 6 is a top rated Newark school. The students are in grades 8-12 and are primarily of the Muslim faith. This school is made up of students that are 83% black and 17% Hispanic according to their website. There are a total of 169 students with 150 Blacks, 15 white or non-Hispanic, and 4 Hispanics. (Enrollment Data 2009 I attempted to visit this school but was told that I needed a reason other than gathering information for a report and that I must also make an appointment.) As a school that caters to Islam, the inference is that no pork is eaten at this school. The same parameters exist as with the Charter school.GeographicThis school is located inside of an office building which is a very different approach to the usual scheme of buildings that house the children of a public school. This school is also only accessible by bus or car as there is limited access because of the geography of the building. Although the school is located only across the street from Broad Street accessibility is still an issue for this particular school as they are located on the sixth floor. PsychographicThe core values that affect these constituents are their belief in the Islamic religion. This religion does not eat pork and this fact must be addressed when feeding these constituents. Their decisions in addressing consumption are therefore different than those of a different faith. Only one restaurant serves kosher food and they are located at 500 Broad St. which is about a quarter of a mile away. BehaviorMuslim’s days are different than other constituent because not only is the abstinence of pork observed, but prayer is also involved. Muslims are instructed to pray at specific times, five times a day. They are not a homogenous or unified religion and there can be vast differences in Islamic practices. Food SecurityIn this model, it is fundamentally up to the state to ensure that the meals served are up to the nutritional value set up by the state. Safety and food handling are therefore turned over to individuals that are certified food handlers. Most of the food is delivered already frozen or in cans and must be kept at either room temperature or remain in a frozen state until ready to be prepped for a meal. Close attention must be paid to fruits that are not already canned. The logistics of feeding programs involve both food preparation and delivery. Preparation can either take place on site or at a centralized kitchen. Science High School Public School 41 Rector StreetDemographicScience High School is a public school that teaches children grades 7-12. These ages are not so dependent on their mothers for their nutritional intake but are still not allowed to leave the school without the proper contacts being informed. The average ages of the students are 13-18 years of age. School lunches are still provided by the state of New Jersey and the same criteria is applied as to the former public school mentioned. There are 902 students attending the school. Hispanics account for 328, Blacks for 354, Asian Amer. for 34, Amer. Indians for 7, and White for 179.GeographicScience High School is located at 40 Rector Street. Transportation to the school is accessible by bus, car, or subway. A survey conducted by me of some 25 students led to the unofficial conclusion that most students are responsible for their own commute to school. Of course there are exceptions. These students can also buy lunch on their way to school or bring lunch from home.PsychographicThe core values of these constituents varies according to maturity and lessons learned at home and abroad. The lifestyles of these constituents are just as diverse as the enrollment by race. There is a degree of loyalty as every parents feels justified in sending his or her child to the same school but this is where the similarities’ end. Benefits sought by attending this school may be due to the fact that Science High School is a Title 1 school and therefore viewed as an academic preamble to college. Behavior These learning institutions are inherently at the disposal of the students during the course of the day. The programs are set up basically by the combined inputs of both the Board of Education and the individual teachers at the particular site. There is the free food program that takes into account how much the parents of the students are making. More than half of the students fall into this category. Free lunch is available to 456 students and 164 receive reduced –priced lunches. The rest of the students are allowed to bring their own lunch. As a matter of fact, they are not allowed out of the school once they arrive. This school is dependent on the free lunch program provided by the state of New Jersey. Food SecurityMost of the food is delivered already frozen or in cans and must be kept at either room temperature or remain in a frozen state until ready to be prepped for a meal. Close attention must be paid to fruits that are not already canned. The logistics of feeding programs involve both food preparation and delivery. Preparation can either take place on site or at a centralized kitchen. Centralized procurement can achieve economies by purchasing in volume and can reduce handling losses and storage costs. There is a draw-back to centralization and that is the need for a good transport system. Government food marketing agencies may be able to provide storage containers and small trucks equipped to prevent microbial contamination during transport. Since, this is a state run school they are monitored periodically by the state which tries to ensure that proper protocol is being met and maintained.Newark Theology Institute of Higher Learning 2 Park PlaceDemographicThe Newark School of Theology offers college credit recommendation at the graduate and upper division undergraduate level for eleven of their courses through the Department of education of the state of New York. Students earn one full year of college credit through their college transcript program. Certificate programs are offered in Christian Studies, Pastoral Counseling, and Diaconal Studies. Classes are offered in the Bible, Christian Theology, Theological Ethics, Church History, Jewish Studies, World Religions, Counseling, Biblical Hebrew, New Testament Greek, Homiletics, and Christian Education. Classes are small (most are from five to ten members) in order to offer students opportunities to be fully engaged in classroom activities.GeographicNewark close The Newark School of Theology is located in downtown to The New Jersey Performing Arts Center. Safe, lighted parking is available at the school. Most classes are held in the evening for the convenience of students who work during the day.PsychographicContemporary theological education requires a broad curriculum that encompasses the religious diversity of the Twenty-first Century and recognizes the need to examine and clarify one’s own religious understanding and commitments in a pluralistic, global context. The Newark School of Theology provides educational opportunities and a context for dialogue within which such understanding may develop. BehaviorThe students come from a variety of educational, religious, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. Commitment to the academic study of theology in an open and pluralistic environment is what unites this diverse student body and faculty into a single learning community. Food SecurityStudents are only on the campus for three hours a day (from 7-10pm) and this was taken into account as a concern. At the time of the constituent’s arrival, there is the impending closure of the stores in the immediate area. This seems to be the norm in our findings and Newark Theology is no exception. When these students exit the school at 10pm there are absolutely no food choices within walking distance unless they are partial to fried chicken every night.SuggestionsThis report concludes that hours of operation of most of the establishments in the surrounding area are a factor in the student’s inability to find nourishing meals during their commute. We recommend that partnerships be formed by existing businesses to lengthen the hours of operations. There could also be an alliance set up where these businesses may work on a rotating schedule to ensure profitability for all involved in the initiative.From the Street ViewThe opportunity to explore the community that we attend school in was truly a wonderful experience. Uncovering over 90 restaurants serving a variety of food choices from American to Chinese to Halal to Vegetarian was also an amazing surprise. The DTD is such a small section of a vast city that it seems almost unfathomable that so many schools and restaurants would coexist in the same space. Even more profound was the discovery of how many store fronts, lots and even entire buildings were completely vacant. Posing the question of: What are entrepreneurs waiting for? The DTD of Newark, New Jersey is home to thousands and saturates each and every day with the influx of student and work commuters. Hidden sections in the DTD such as Halsey Street are gems buried in the Earth. Investment in this street alone has the potential to revitalize the community. We have explored, collected, and analyzed a wealth of information pertaining exclusively to this area and its constituents. We hope that it may be useful. Thank you for the opportunity. Best, Team Student Commuters DataAppendix A:North Star INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3 terms of socio-economic and ethnic factors, North Star students are very representative of their district. 79% qualify for a free or reduced lunch, 84% are African-American and 15% are Latino. Number of Students, Grades, and Classes. The school’s charter authorized a maximum enrollment of 1,011 students in 2009-10 in grades Kindergarten,1, 2 and 5 - 12. The enrollment at the beginning of the school year was 909 students. At the end of the year the enrollment was 902 students. There were three kindergarten classes, three 1st grade classes, three 2nd grade classes, six 5th grade classes, six 6th grade classes, five 7th grade classes, five 8th grade classes, one 12th grade class, and two classes each in 9th , 10th, and 11th grade. 79% of North Star students qualified for a free or reduced lunch. Class Size: Class size varies slightly from grade to grade, but on average a class is composed of 22 students. School Day: The school day begins at 8:00 am and ends at 3:30 pm, for a total time of seven and one-half hours. Total instructional time is seven hours per day. At the Elementary Campus the school day begins at 7:30 am and ends at 4:00 pm, for a total time of eight and one-half hours. Total instructional time is eight hours per day.Great Oaks Tight-knit?small school: Grade cohorts of 66 and a full-scale size of 463 will allow us to develop an intimate community, where every student feels known and cared about.Effective teachers:?We will budget the funds to attract the best staff with competitive salaries.More?time on task. Our school day will run from 7:50 am to 5:30 pm?Team schools/team-academy TEAM and Rise Academies each serve grades 5-8Figure 4Rutgers Business School - rutgers demographics NJIT CITATION NJI12 \l 1033 (NJIT)Student BodyUndergraduate enrollment: 6,604Graduate enrollment: 2,954Figure 5 CITATION NJI121 \l 1033 (NJIT)Continuous Dining Hours will be extended to 10;00 PM Monday-Thursday and 9:00 PM Friday-SundayFigure 6 7Figure 8ESSEX COMMUNITY COLLEGE CITATION Ess10 \l 1033 (Essex Community College)Figure 9pg. 21Figure 10pg. 35Figure 11pg. 51Figure 12pg. 51 CITATION Ess12 \l 1033 (Essex Community College)Figure 13Figure 14ESSEX Tech 8:20am-3:00pm, Eat at School –CALLED PRINCIPAL’S OFFICE ON MONDAY APRIL 2, 2012 AT 11:00AM. CITATION NCE121 \l 1033 (NCES)Figure 15Figure 16SCIENCE HIGH INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES 17Figure 18TEEM CITATION NCE123 \l 1033 (NCES)Figure 19Figure 20Figure 21BURNETT SCHOOL Figure 22GREATER NEWARK CENTRAL AVE CITATION NCE124 \l 1033 (NCES) CITATION NCE125 \l 1033 (NCES) CITATION NCE126 \l 1033 (NCES)Figure 23RENASSIANCE HIGH Figure 24FigureFigure 25ALIF MUHAMMADSRUTGERSFigure 26STAR Figure 2717 April 2012Note: The data collected here shows the opening and closing times of restaurants affecting students in the downtown district of Newark, New Jersey. Special consideration has been made to distinguish Vegetarian and Halal food options. Additionally, the data reported here does not take into account schools where students would eat only at school such as preschools, charter schools, and high schools. Figure 28Food Options for RBS Students ??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Sum of FilllerColumn Labels???Row LabelsFast Break CaféMartini 494RBS CaféGrand Total7:00:00 AM11?27:00:00 AM11?27:00:00 AM11?27:00 AM11?27:00 AM11?27:00:00 PM1??17:00:00 PM1??17:00:00 PM1??17:00 PM1??17:00 PM1??19:00:00 PM?1?19:00:00 PM?1?19:00:00 PM?1?19:00 PM?1?19:00 PM?1?18:00:00 AM??118:00:00 AM??118:00:00 AM??118:00 AM??118:00 AM??118:00:00 PM??118:00:00 PM??118:00:00 PM??118:00 PM??113:00 PM??11Grand Total1113Description: Students commuting to Rutgers Business School in Newark, New Jersey in the morning or at night have access to three restaurants within close proximity of the school. There options are, Fast Break Deli, RBS Café and Martini 494. Problem Identification:Although the three options are open for the majority of the day, students food options are limited to only these choices. Additionally, the three restaurants close sequentially from 7:00pm to 9:00pm. Students who leave Rutgers Business School after 9:00pm will have to travel to restaurants several blocks away to eat in the Downtown District. Figure 29Figure 30Food Options for Rutgers Main Campus ??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)??Sum of Filller?Row LabelsTotal27 Mix1Art Kitchen1Center for Law and Justice Café1Chandni Chowk1Coffee Cave1Danny's1E-Z Mart1Famous Grill 1Food Truck2Genki Sushi1Hibachi1Java's Brewing1McGoverns1Mediterrian House1Metro Café & Lounge1Raider Mart 1Roberts Pizza1Robeson Food Court 1Sbarro1Scarlet Lounge1Starbucks1Stonsby Commons & Eatery 1Subway1The House of Thai1University Café1University Club 1Woodrow's Café1Grand Total28Figure 31Figure 32Figure 33Halal Food Options for Alif Muhammad Students??Location Cluster (All)???Count of T-HalalColumn Labels??$$$$$$Grand TotalTotal4??4This is a description of the number of Halal food options in the DTD.Hours of Operation for Halal Food ??Location Cluster (All)?T-HalalHalal???Count of T-HalalColumn Labels?Row LabelsChandni ChowkFast Break CaféFood TruckPita PlaceGrand Total5:00:00 AM116:00:00 PM117:00:00 AM117:00:00 PM118:00:00 AM115:00:00 PM1110:30:00 AM1110:30:00 PM11Grand Total11114This is a description of the hours of operation of the Halal restaurants in the DTD. Figure 34Food Options for Alif Muhammad Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Sum of FilllerColumn Labels?Row Labels$$$$$$Grand TotalBetter Bites11Commerce Food Court & Bakery 11Key Club11Maize Restaurant11Nicky's Café11Nico Kitchen Bar 11Subway Broad11The Spot 11Grand Total4228This is a description of the restaurants available to students near the Alif Muhammad School. Figure 35Morning Food Options for Alif Muhammad Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels7:00:00 AM11:30:00 AM(blank)Grand TotalBetter Bites11Commerce Food Court & Bakery 11Key Club11Maize Restaurant11Nicky's Café11Nico Kitchen Bar 11Subway Broad11The Spot 11Grand Total5218Night Food Options for Alif Muhammad Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels12:00:00 AM3:30:00 PM7:00:00 PM9:00:00 PM10:00:00 PM(blank)Grand TotalBetter Bites11Commerce Food Court & Bakery 11Key Club11Maize Restaurant11Nicky's Café11Nico Kitchen Bar 11Subway Broad11The Spot 11Grand Total2121118 This is a description of the morning and night food options for Alif Muhammad Students.Figure 36Food Options for Vegetarians in the DTD??Count of T-VegetarianTotalTotal43This is a description of the number of food options in the DTD for vegetarians. Figure 37Below is a list of the vegetarian food options. Figure 38 Vegetarian Food Options in the DTD ??T-VegetarianVegetarian??Count of T-VegetarianRow LabelsTotal27 Mix1Academy Gourmet1Art Kitchen1Babe's 1Better Bites1Central Restaurant1Chandni Chowk1Chinatown Diner1Danny's1Famous Grill 1Fast Break Café1Genki Sushi1Harvest Table 1Hibachi1Intrinsic Café1King Wok1Maize Restaurant1Mama's Pizza1Martini 4941Metro Café & Lounge1Mi Gente Café1Nicks1Nico Kitchen Bar 1NJIT Campus Center1Panda Restaurant 1Pita Place1Queen Pizza I1Queen Pizza II1Raider Mart 1RBS Café1Roberts Pizza1Robeson Food Court 1Sbarro1Skipper's1St Michael's Deli & Grocery1Stonsby Commons & Eatery 1Subway2Subway Broad1Subway Broad (2)1Sunrise Kitchen1The House of Thai1Ultimate Soups & Subs1Grand Total43Figure 39Above are descriptions of the morning and night food options for Berkeley Students. Figure 40Morning Food Options for Essex Community College Students ??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels5:30:00 AM6:00:00 AM7:30:00 AM8:00:00 AM11:00:00 AMGrand TotalFamous Restaurant Inc11Food Truck22Harvest Table 11Pronto Café11Skipper's11Grand Total111216Figure 41Night Food Options for Essex Community College Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels12:00:00 AM4:00:00 PM4:30:00 PM5:00:00 PMGrand TotalFamous Restaurant Inc11Food Truck22Harvest Table 11Pronto Café11Skipper's11Grand Total11226The above are descriptions of the morning and night food options for Essex Community College Students. Note: The above tables do not include the Essex Cafeteria, located on campus. Figure 42Food Options for Newark Theology Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels550 Broad CafeteriaBroad Street CaféKey ClubMaize RestaurantNico Kitchen Bar Grand Total6:30:00 AM114:00:00 PM117:00:00 AM1112:00:00 AM117:30:00 AM114:00:00 PM1111:30:00 AM1110:00:00 PM11(blank)11(blank)11Grand Total111115This is a description of the morning and night food options for Newark Theology Students. Figure 43This is a description of the morning and night food options for McEllis students. Figure 44Food Options for Star Career Academy Students??Location Cluster (Multiple Items)???Count of Name of RestaurantColumn Labels?Row Labels550 Broad CafeteriaBroad Street CaféCentral RestaurantChinatown DinerCrown Fried ChickenNicksGrand Total6:00 AM117:30 PM116:30 AM114:00 PM117:30 AM114:00 PM118:00 AM112:00 AM1110:00 AM1110:00 PM1111:30 AM1110:00 PM11Grand Total1111116This is a description of the morning and night food options for Star Career Academy students. Figure 45Figure 46This is a description of the morning and night food options for Seton Hall Law Students. Works Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY Essex Community College. About. 2009-2010. March 2012 < >."Handbook ." March 2012 < Yes%20Orientation%20Handbook.pdf>.NCES. North Star . March 2012 < >.Alif Muhammad's Nia School. March 2012 < Tech . March 2012 < Newark Central . March 2012 < >.Science High School . March 2012 < >.Star Career Academy . March 2012 <. March 2012 < >.Newark Preschool . March 2012 < >.NJIT. Factbook. March 2012 < >.Gourmet Dining . March 2012 < >.Housing and Dining . March 2012 < >.Rutgers University. "Demographics." March 2012 <;. ................
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