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2 Bon Air Rd, Suit 130Larkspur, CA 94939Ph: 415-924-2454Fax: 415-924-2490Glycolic AcidWhat is glycolic acid?Glycolic acid is a type of alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that occurs widely in nature. It is present in several edible fruits, cane sugar, vegetables, meats, and beverages. The most common AHAs in cosmetic products are glycolic acid and lactic acid. Among others are citric acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, and hydroxycapric acid.What is glycolic acid used for?Dermatologists have used glycolic acid formulations for over 25 years for cosmetology and the treatment of a variety of skin disorders. Up to 10% concentration of glycolic acid has been included as a component in several over-the-counter personal care products such as exfoliants (peels), pH adjusters (toners), and skin conditioning agents. Products containing AHAs are also marketed for smoothing fine lines and surface wrinkles, improving skin texture and tone, unblocking and cleansing pores, treatment of acne, removing scars, and overall improving skin condition. 50-70% glycolic acid containing products are usually used in dermatologists’ offices with physician supervision. Depending on the concentration, glycolic acid containing products are also used to treat the following conditions:Melasma (hyperpigmentation): overproduction of melanin (color pigment) on the skin, usually seen on face but it can occur on hands and other parts of the body. Psoriasis: excessive skin build up mediated by the body’s own immune system causing itchy dry scaly patches on the body.Keratosis: small rough spots occurring on the skin. Actinic keratosis: thick hornlike growth occurring on the skin usually due to excessive sun exposure or tanning.Hyperkeratosis: thickening of the outer layer of the skin leading to tough and dry patches on the body. Seborrheic keratosis: noncancerous (benign) skin growths that some people develop as they age.Keratosis pilaris: small acne like bumps appear on the upper arms, legs, or buttocks. How does glycolic acid work?AHA-containing products cause exfoliation (i.e., peeling) or shedding of the surface skin (dry dead skin). The extent of exfoliation depends on the type and concentration of the AHA, its pH, and other ingredients in the product. Glycolic acid in general promotes collagen and elastin synthesis, which in tern help the skin rejuvenate and stay hydrated. What are the side effects of glycolic acid?Reported adverse experiences include burning, dermatitis or rash, swelling, pigmentary changes, blisters or welts, skin peeling, itching, irritation or tenderness, chemical burns, and increased sunburn.FDA warns consumers using topical product containing glycolic acid about increased skin sensitivity to the sun, which can lead to increase risk of sunburns. It is recommended to apply sunscreen or wear protective clothing (i.e., sunglasses, hats) to eliminate overexposure of the skin to sun especially during summer months or sunny days in general. Official FDA warning is as following:“Sunburn Alert: This product contains an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that may increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun and particularly the possibility of sunburn. Use a sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and limit sun exposure while using this product and for a week afterwards.” Short term sun exposure while using this product may increase your chances of sunburns, and long term sun exposure may lead to premature skin aging and possible skin cancer.When should you call your doctor? Discontinue using this product or any product that contains glycolic acid (or any other type of AHA), and call your doctor right away if the above mentioned side effects are severe or become bothersome. Consultation points:Do not use this product if you are pregnantAlways follow physicians instructions and do not overuse this productAlways wear sun protective clothing when using this productStop using this product when skin irritations occurs such as redness, itchiness, or blistersAlways talk to your pharmacist to find out more reliable informationAlways tell your doctors about your current prescribed medications and over the counter medications when starting a new therapy ................
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