Successful School Leadership What It Is and How It ...

RESEARCH

Successful School Leadership What It Is and How It Influences Pupil Learning

Kenneth Leithwood, Christopher Day, Pam Sammons, Alma Harris and David Hopkins

Research Report RR800

Research Report No 800

Successful School Leadership

What It Is and How It Influences Pupil Learning

Kenneth Leithwood, Christopher Day, Pam Sammons, Alma Harris and David Hopkins

The views expressed in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Education and Skills. ? University of Nottingham 2006 ISBN 978 1 84478 822 4

Contents

Preface .......................................................................................................................................4 RATIONALE ............................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................7

THE STATE-OF-THE-CONFUSION...............................................................................................7 THE MEANING OF LEADERSHIP...............................................................................................11 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SCHOOL LEADERSHIP ...........................................................................12 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................15 2. The Nature of Successful Leadership Practices .................................................................18 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................18 JUSTIFYING THE CORE LEADERSHIP PRACTICES ......................................................................19 CORE PRACTICES AND COMPARATORS BASED ON RESEARCH IN SCHOOL CONTEXTS ...............20 CORE PRACTICES AND COMPARATORS BASED ON RESEARCH IN NON-SCHOOL CONTEXTS .......25 THE CORE PRACTICES DESCRIBED..........................................................................................32

A Theoretical (But Practical) Perspective on the Core Practices .......................................32 Setting Directions..............................................................................................................34 Developing People ............................................................................................................36 Redesigning the Organization............................................................................................38 Managing the Instructional (Teaching and Learning) Programme.....................................42 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................43 3. Distribution of Successful Leadership ................................................................................45 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................45 THE EFFECTS OF DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP ...........................................................................48 FORMS AND PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP .............................................................57 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................64 4. Roots of Successful Leadership Practice ............................................................................67 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................67 COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL LEADERS........................................................69 Intelligence and Other Intellectual Functions ....................................................................69 Problem Solving ................................................................................................................69 Knowledge ........................................................................................................................71 AFFECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL LEADERS........................................................74 Personality ........................................................................................................................74 Motivation ......................................................................................................................... 79 Social Appraisal Skills : emotional understanding.............................................................79 Values ...............................................................................................................................81 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................84 5. From Successful Leadership Practices To Pupil Learning................................................85 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................85 HOW LEADERS INFLUENCE THEIR IMMEDIATE COLLEAGUES ...................................................86 Followers' Perspectives ....................................................................................................87 Leaders' Perspectives........................................................................................................90 TEACHERS' INTERNAL STATES ...............................................................................................92 Classroom Conditions .......................................................................................................93 School Conditions .............................................................................................................96 Conditions in the Home. ..................................................................................................102 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................108

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6. Conclusion .........................................................................................................................111 References .............................................................................................................................115

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Preface We wish to acknowledge particularly the contributions on research on leadership in South East Asia by Professor Allan Walker, Chinese University of Hong Kong. They provide an important perspective to this international review.

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