Nelson Textbook of PEDIATRICS

Nelson Textbook of

PEDIATRICS ProCpoeDnrttoyenNotfoNEt oDlstiesFvtirineibarul te



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Nelson Textbook of

PEDIAlsTevieRarl ICS 19th Edition

ProCpoeDnrttoyenNotfoNEt oDtisFtirnibute Bonita F. Stanton, MD

Robert M. Kliegman, MD

Professor and Chair Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Pediatrician-in-Chief Pamela and Leslie Muma Chair in Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Executive Vice President Children's Research Institute Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Joseph W. St. Geme III, MD

Professor and Schotanus Family Endowed Chair of

James B. Duke Professor and Chair

Pediatrics

Department of Pediatrics

Pediatrician-in-Chief

Duke University School of Medicine

Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics

Chief Medical Officer

Children's Hospital of Michigan

Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Durham, North Carolina

Detroit, Michigan

Richard E. Behrman, MD

Nina F. Schor, MD, PhD

Nonprofit Healthcare and Educational

William H. Eilinger Professor and Chair

Consultants to Medical Institutions

Department of Pediatrics

Santa Barbara, California

Professor

Department of Neurology

Pediatrician-in-Chief

Golisano Children's Hospital

University of Rochester Medical Center

Rochester, New York



1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

NELSON TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS, NINETEENTH EDITION INTERNATIONAL EDITION

ISBN: 978-1-4377-0755-7 ISBN: 978-0-8089-2420-3

Copyright ? 2011, 2007, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1987, 1983, 1979, 1975, 1969, 1964, 1959 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 228: "Malassezia" by Martin E. Weisse and Ashley Maranich is in the public domain.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such

r as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: ie permissions. v This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the

Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Else inal Notices of t F ute Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience

broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical

ty o ib treatment may become necessary. er N tr Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in

evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In

p nt is using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of

others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the

ro te D most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each

product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration

t of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their P n o own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the o best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. N To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, C assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products o liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, D instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Nelson textbook of pediatrics. -- 19th ed. / [edited by] Robert M. Kliegman ... [et al.]. p. ; cm. Textbook of pediatrics Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4377-0755-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Pediatrics. I. Kliegman, Robert. II. Nelson, Waldo E. (Waldo Emerson), 1898-1997. Textbook of pediatrics. III. Title: Textbook of pediatrics. [DNLM: 1. Pediatrics. WS 100] RJ45.N4 2011 618.92--dc22

2011009671

Publishing Director: Judith Fletcher Senior Developmental Editor: Jennifer Shreiner Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: Kristine Feeherty Design Direction: Lou Forgione

Printed in the United States of America

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Working together to grow libraries in developing countries

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This edition is dedicated to the leadership, mentorship, and editorial wisdom of Richard E. Behrman. Dick's monumental commitment to the field of pediatrics spans more than five decades as an editor, teacher, researcher, and clinician and has contributed greatly to the growth of the profession and the improved health and well-being of children across the globe. We are privileged to work with Dick and are grateful to him for his steadfast counsel and guidance.

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