Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children

Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children

Gloria Maccow, Ph.D. Assessment Training Consultant

Test Items

Some actual test items may be shown during the presentation. Test items are not included in the handout.

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Today's One-Hour Agenda

Cognitive factors that account for

I.

differences in learning

II.

The Process of Learning

III. What Do Data Tell Us About Learning?

Cognitive Development

In Early Childhood Programs, . . .

Some children learn the skills we teach in the regular classroom.

Some children require additional specialized instruction.

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

In Early Childhood Programs, . . .

Some children respond when you call on them.

Some children respond while you are providing the instructions.

Cognitive Development

Factors Affecting Learner's Skills

Curriculum and Instructional Materials

Teacher's Instruction (Pedagogy)

Learner's Skills

Individual Differences in the Processes in Learner's

Brain

(Berninger, 2007)

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Cognitive Factors and Learning

Stages of Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Sensori-motor (Birth to 2 years) Pre-operational (2 to 7 years) Concrete operational (7 to 11 years)

Formal operational (11 to 15 years)

(Santrock & Yussen, 1992)

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Information Processing

Information from the

environment

Sensory and Perceptual Processes

Memory

Thinking

Language

(Santrock & Yussen, 1992)

Cognitive Development

Information Processing

? memory ? problem-

solving ? reasoning

Brain Mind Cognition

Output

Input

(Santrock & Yussen, 1992)

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Process of Learning

Learning: A complex process!

Memory

Language

Visual-Spatial

Learning

Attention/ Executive Functions

Sensory Input Motor Actions

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Sensory-Motor Functions and Learning: Input and Output

Cognitive Development

Attention and Learning

Does the child . . .

? selectively attend to certain stimuli while ignoring competing, irrelevant stimuli?

? sustain attentional focus for a prolonged period?

? shift attentional resources from one activity to another?

? Respond to more than one task simultaneously ? divided attention?

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

7

Cognitive Development and Learning in Young Children Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant

Salient Features

Let's count!

Cognitive Development

Visual-Spatial Processes and Learning

? Much of what is presented in school has either a visual-spatial or language basis.

? Visual-perceptual skills play a major role in the development of a child's handwriting skills, and fluency in math and reading.

? For example, a student may be able to name individual letters in a word (visual analysis, b-ed), but she may be unable to integrate the letters to say the word (visual synthesis, bed).

Cognitive Development

Copyright ? 2016. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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