History and GeoGrapHy Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

[Pages:110]History and Geography

Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Teacher Guide

Sapa Inca

Maya pyramids

Moctezuma II

Aztec warrior

Maya, Aztec, and Inca

Civilizations

Teacher Guide

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Maya, Aztec,

and Inca

Civilizations

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations Sample Pacing Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 1 The Maya: Rainforest Civilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 2 Maya Science and Daily Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Chapter 3 The Aztec: Empire Builders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Chapter 4 Tenochtitl?n: City of Wonder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Chapter 5 The Inca: Lords of the Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Chapter 6 Inca Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Chapter 7 The End of Two Empires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Teacher Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations

Teacher Guide

Core Knowledge Sequence History and Geography 5

UNIT 2

Introduction

About this Unit

The Big Idea

The Maya, Aztec, and Inca had developed large, complex civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish.

The civilizations of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca that once flourished in Central and South America shared common elements. People practiced farming, developed social structures, raised armies, and worshipped many gods. The three civilizations were as diverse as the terrains in which they lived. The Maya, known for developing a system of mathematics, thrived in the rainforests of the Yucat?n Peninsula, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala from about 200 to 900 CE. From 1325 to 1521, the Aztec built a large and dense city at Tenochtitl?n, located on a swampy lake in the middle of a semi-arid basin in central Mexico. The Inca were skilled engineers who built a vast system of roads and bridges to unite their empire located high in the Andes Mountains, reaching their peak in the 1400s and early 1500s. It remains in question why and how the rainforest cities of the Classic Maya fell. We know that Spanish explorers precipitated the destruction of both the Aztec and Inca empires.

INTRODUCTION

1

What Students Should Already Know

Students in Core Knowledge schools should be familiar with: Kindergarten ? The voyage of Columbus in 1492

-- Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain -- The Ni?a, Pinta, and Santa Maria -- Columbus's mistaken identification of "Indies" and "Indians" -- The idea of what was, for Europeans, a "New World" Grade 1 ? Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations -- The development by the Maya of large population centers in the

rainforests of Mexico and Central America -- The establishment of a vast empire in central Mexico by the Aztec, its

capital of Tenochtitl?n, and its emperor Moctezuma (Montezuma) -- The Inca's establishment of a far-ranging empire in the Andes

Mountains of Peru and Chile, including Machu Picchu ? Columbus ? The conquistadors

-- The search for gold and silver ? Hern?n Cort?s and the Aztec ? Francisco Pizarro and the Inca ? Diseases devastate Native American population

Grade 2 ? The geography of South America

-- Brazil: largest country in South America, Amazon River, rainforests -- Peru and Chile: Andes Mountains -- Locate: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador -- Bolivia: named after Sim?n Bol?var, "The Liberator" -- Argentina: the Pampa (also known as the Pampas) -- Main languages: Spanish and (in Brazil) Portuguese

2

MAYA, AZTEC, AND INCA CIVILIZATIONS

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