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Directions: Copy and edit this template each time you do an article search. Print and keep a copy in your portfolio binder. Use MLA format for all citations.Literature Review TEMPLATEYour NameThomaston High School (University in High School - University at Albany)Science and Engineering Cohort Year 1, Mr. HolmesDate CompletedSummary: This literature was reviewed to learn more about oxide heterostructures and the resulting two-dimensional electron gases that have applications in microelectronics.Kornblum, L., Jin, E.N., Kumah, D.P., Broadbridge, C.C., Ahn, C.H., Walker, F.J. “Oxide 2D Electron Gases as a Route for High Carrier Densities on (001) Si.” AIP – APL Materials, Vol. 106, No. 201602, 2015.This research study was done by almost the same team as the primary article’s, but one year later. This study looks at using Gadolinium Titanate (GdTiO3 or GTO) instead of LTO, along with STO to form the oxide heterostructure and resulting two-dimensional electron gases. The advantage of using GTO as the rare earth oxide is that it can be produced using the same oxygen pressure as STO, whereas LTO requires a much lower pressure.Mannhart, J., Blank, D.H.A., Hwang, H.Y., Mills, A.J. and Triscone, J.M. “Two-dimensional Electron Gases at Oxide Interfaces.” MRS Bulletin, Vol. 33, November 2008.This research study predates the primary article by six years and is by a different team. It discusses the beginning of the nanotechnology to produce two-dimentional electron gases using oxide interfaces. Many questions are raised, including what other materials may provide such interfaces and how the resulting superconductivity is produced.Yirka, B. “Researchers Find a Way to Produce Free-standing Films of Perovskite Oxides.” Science X Network, June 6, 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from . This article reports on progress by scientists who have produced a thin film of perovskite oxide (e.g., STO) approximately one unit cell thick using molecular beam epitaxy, the same process used in the primary article’s study. Therefore, the article is focusing on the improved nanotechnology for making such films.Boffey, P.M. “Atom by Atom, Physicists Create Matter That Nature Has Never Known Before.” The New York Times, June 1, 1982. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from . This news article reports on the relatively new technique of molecular beam epitaxy, pioneered at Bell Labs in the 1970s, and now (in 1982) being used in a variety of labs. The article describes how this new nanotechnology allows the production of a thin, semiconductor layer, “atomic layer by atomic layer.” Along with its application in electronics, the technology also is useful for the scientific study of crystals and their formation.Frensley, W.R. “Heterostructures and Quantum Well Physics.” Chapter 1 of Heterostructures and Quantum Devices. San Diego, Academic Press, 1998. This article is an excerpt of a book gives an in-depth description of heterostructures where two different materials are layered. The article discuses energy levels of the heterostructures, as well as how quantum wells, or areas of electron quantum interference that causes standing waves, can result in between the layers of material. “The Interface Is Still the Device.” Nature Materials, Vol. 11, February 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from . Editorial.This article is reporting on the surge of interest (seven years ago) in oxide interfaces, the focus of the primary article’s study. The article explains how progress has been made in oxide thin film growth, but challenges remain in actually growing the crystal heterostructures forming the interface.Woodford, C. “Molecular Beam Epitaxy.” , 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from article is a layman’s guide to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It provides excellent graphics and explanations to show how this tool of nanotechnology works. It describes how the growth of crystal layers using MBE requires an ultraclean environment ultra-high vacuum pressure (nearly zero atmospheric pressure).King, H.M. “REE – Rare Earth Elements and Their Uses.” Geoscience News and Information, 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from . This article is a complete overview of rare earth elements (REE), the Lanthanide series in the Periodic Table of the Elements. The article explains historic growth in the use of REE, especially in electronics, and the history of their mining and production. It explains that China is now the largest worldwide supplier for REE, and that demand for these elements is growing.Demming, A. “Superconductivity – Pairing Up with Nanotechnology.” Physics World, February 28, 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019 from article is about superconductivity and the various ways in can be produced, along with its applications. It explains that superconductivity requires electrons to be paired up in a certain way and results in unusual properties, such as zero electrical resistance and levitation of superconductors on magnets. It also explains that superconductivity can occur in oxide heterostructures, the focus of the primary article.McCollam, A., Wenderich, S., Kruize, M.K., Guduru, V.K., Molegraaf, H.J.A., Huijben, M., Koster, G., Blank, D.H.A., Rijnders, G., Brinkman, A., Hilgenkamp, H., Zeitler, U. and Maan, J.C. “Quantum Oscillations and Subband Properties of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface.” AIP – APL Materials, Vol. 2, No. 022102, 2014. This research study seeks to understand how the electrons behave in a two-dimensional electron gas between layers of perovskite oxides. The researchers especially were interested in the way the electrons produce magnetism and superconductivity at the oxide interface. The study focused on quantum oscillations of the electrons to determine their behavior. ................
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