Mrs. Lafrate's Class
Earth Science Final Exam study guide
Chapter 2: Earth as a system
Pgs. 33-40
Vocabulary:
Atmosphere
Hydropshere
Biosphere
Geosphere
*Understand that events in one sphere affect other spheres
*Be prepared to identify interactions between each of the 4 spheres
Describe the process that occur and how these elements/compounds cycle through the Earth’s spheres
Nitrogen
Carbon
Phosphorus
Water
How much solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed by land, oceans and atmosphere?
Chapter 6: Rocks
Pgs. 135-154
Vocabulary:
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Intrusive igneous rock
Extrusive igneous rock
Magma
Explain the processes of the rock cycle:
Melting, cooling, heat and pressure, weathering and erosion, compaction, cementation, deposition
Chapter 7: Resources and Energy
Pgs. 171-184
Vocabulary:
Geothermal energy
Hydroelectric energy
Wind energy
Solar energy
Biomass
Nuclear energy
Renewable resource
Nonrenewable resource
Fossil fuel
Identify how the following resources are obtained and then produce energy:
Solar energy
Nuclear energy
Hydroelectric energy
Geothermal energy
Wind energy
What products are composed of chemicals that are derived from petroleum?
Chapter 16: groundwater
Pgs. 431-438
(Unit: Hydrogeology- some of the following terms cannot be found in your book- refer to previous notes or powerpoint presentations on mrslafrate. under Final exam prep)
Vocabulary:
Reservoir
Input
Output
Aquifer
Groundwater
Rivers
Stream
Wetlands
Residence times
Sustainability
Hydrogeology continued
Water quality
Land use
Which reservoirs have the longest residence time?
How is Earth’s freshwater distributed (%)
Why has the sustainability of North American aquifers changed in recent history?
Climate/Oceans
Chapter 20 pgs. 49-558
Chapter 22 pgs. 605-615
Chapter 24 pgs. 661-668
Chapter 25 pgs. 688-694
Vocabulary:
Salinity
Density
Climate
What causes average temperatures to be lower at the poles than the equator?
What factors are used to identify climate?
Why do oceans and lakes have a major effect on climate?
Explain the difference between land and water in terms of absorbing solar radiation.
What gas is most plentiful in the ocean?
Explain the relationship between density, salinity, temperature and ocean currents.
What affects the movement of surface currents?
What causes movement of deep ocean currents?
Climate change
Chapter 22 pgs. 615-620
Vocabulary:
Convection
Thermal energy
Limestone
Carbon dioxide
Fossil fuel
Nitrous oxide
Ozone
Water vapor
Greenhouse effect
Emissions
Greenhouse gases
Methane
Climate change
Coral bleaching
Estuary impact
What happens to marine food webs if plankton could not reproduce?
You will interpret graphs relating fossil fuel emissions and temperature
Severe Weather
Chapter 21 pgs. 571-592
Vocabulary:
Cold front
Warm front
Tornado
Hurricane
Thunderstorm
Lightning
Flood
Drought
Mitigation
Adiabatic cooling
Dry line
Squall line
List methods of flood control
What technology is used to warn people of approaching storms, severe weather?
What type of storms are produced along a cold front? Along a warm front?
Severe weather cont’d
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