Mrs. Lafrate's Class



Earth Science Final Exam study guide

Chapter 2: Earth as a system

Pgs. 33-40

Vocabulary:

Atmosphere

Hydropshere

Biosphere

Geosphere

*Understand that events in one sphere affect other spheres

*Be prepared to identify interactions between each of the 4 spheres

Describe the process that occur and how these elements/compounds cycle through the Earth’s spheres

Nitrogen

Carbon

Phosphorus

Water

How much solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed by land, oceans and atmosphere?

Chapter 6: Rocks

Pgs. 135-154

Vocabulary:

Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

Igneous rock

Intrusive igneous rock

Extrusive igneous rock

Magma

Explain the processes of the rock cycle:

Melting, cooling, heat and pressure, weathering and erosion, compaction, cementation, deposition

Chapter 7: Resources and Energy

Pgs. 171-184

Vocabulary:

Geothermal energy

Hydroelectric energy

Wind energy

Solar energy

Biomass

Nuclear energy

Renewable resource

Nonrenewable resource

Fossil fuel

Identify how the following resources are obtained and then produce energy:

Solar energy

Nuclear energy

Hydroelectric energy

Geothermal energy

Wind energy

What products are composed of chemicals that are derived from petroleum?

Chapter 16: groundwater

Pgs. 431-438

(Unit: Hydrogeology- some of the following terms cannot be found in your book- refer to previous notes or powerpoint presentations on mrslafrate. under Final exam prep)

Vocabulary:

Reservoir

Input

Output

Aquifer

Groundwater

Rivers

Stream

Wetlands

Residence times

Sustainability

Hydrogeology continued

Water quality

Land use

Which reservoirs have the longest residence time?

How is Earth’s freshwater distributed (%)

Why has the sustainability of North American aquifers changed in recent history?

Climate/Oceans

Chapter 20 pgs. 49-558

Chapter 22 pgs. 605-615

Chapter 24 pgs. 661-668

Chapter 25 pgs. 688-694

Vocabulary:

Salinity

Density

Climate

What causes average temperatures to be lower at the poles than the equator?

What factors are used to identify climate?

Why do oceans and lakes have a major effect on climate?

Explain the difference between land and water in terms of absorbing solar radiation.

What gas is most plentiful in the ocean?

Explain the relationship between density, salinity, temperature and ocean currents.

What affects the movement of surface currents?

What causes movement of deep ocean currents?

Climate change

Chapter 22 pgs. 615-620

Vocabulary:

Convection

Thermal energy

Limestone

Carbon dioxide

Fossil fuel

Nitrous oxide

Ozone

Water vapor

Greenhouse effect

Emissions

Greenhouse gases

Methane

Climate change

Coral bleaching

Estuary impact

What happens to marine food webs if plankton could not reproduce?

You will interpret graphs relating fossil fuel emissions and temperature

Severe Weather

Chapter 21 pgs. 571-592

Vocabulary:

Cold front

Warm front

Tornado

Hurricane

Thunderstorm

Lightning

Flood

Drought

Mitigation

Adiabatic cooling

Dry line

Squall line

List methods of flood control

What technology is used to warn people of approaching storms, severe weather?

What type of storms are produced along a cold front? Along a warm front?

Severe weather cont’d

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