Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!



Moon Phases:Next Generation Science Standard: Middle School: Space Systems: Students who demonstrate understanding can:Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases. [Clarification Statement: Examples of models can be physical, graphical, or conceptual.]MS-ESS1-1.Guide: See the IMPORTANT LINKS, Assessment Questions, for UNDERSTANDING: Take Cornell Notes on the standards: Use the Cornell Note Template and keep these notes in your Science Notebook. You may repeat the template as many times as you need to in your Science Notebook. Draw Pictures and models and take written notes. Add your Middle School notes to your High School Notes! Maintain and study them from grades 6 -12. Keep them as a family record to help younger children in your family understand science. Periodically let your teachers review your notes. Scoring Guide for Your Notes:Recognize and explain that the lunar phases of the moon are caused by changing angles (relative positions) of the earth, the moon and the sun, as the moon orbits the Earth or they are due to the relative positions of the Moon with respect to the Earth and Sun. (1point)You should have a labeled drawing of the phases of the moon. Be sure to label the Sun, Moons, and Earth. Include in your diagram the perspective of the near and far side of the moon. Show the counterclockwise direction of the moon around the Earth. Take Notes on the following and do the assessmentsDraw the following (graphical): Moon Position: your own Moon Data: Moon Position: and Make Cornell Notes from the following: Clips: : and Activities: and answer the following notes and questions in your science notebook: The Moon: Does the far side (not the dark side) of the moon get sunlight. The dark side of the moon is not dark. It is the far side of the moon that has day and night. It is called the dark side because we never see it. With respect to the Earth and Sun, the moon revolves around the Earth in about 29 and ? days (A Synodic Month). The moon rotates every 29 and ? days (A Lunar Day).The student should reason that:The Moon rises a bout an hour later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction.The Moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period (i.e., if the Moon rises at about 6 P.M., it will set at about 6 A.M.)Practice Assessments and Quizzes: to your notes to find the answers to these questions. Write and answer the questions in your journal.Question: Which moon phase is it when the Earth is between the Moon and the sun?1. New Moon 2. First quarter moon 3.Full Moon 4. Last quarterQuestion: Describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an observable pattern (moon phases) by choosing one plausible scenario for the appearance of the moon for a two week time period.a) Waxing crescent, Waning Crescent, Full Moonb) Waxing crescent, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moonc) Waxing crescent, Waxing Gibbous, New MoonQuestion: Create a 28 day calendar for one month that shows the moon’s appearance on each day. Include the moon-rise and moon-set data for each day. Explain and analyze what changes in patterns occur in the moon’s appearance.Standard for the question: Disciplinary Core Ideas ESS1.A: ? Patterns of the apparent motion of the moon, in the sky can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with models. (MS-ESS1-1Month: June 2008SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday1 Moon Rise: 3:29 a.m. Moon Set:6:15 p.m 2345678Moon Rise: 10:55 a.m.9101112131415161718Full Moon19Full Moon202122232425262728Standard for the question: Missouri GLE: 6.2.B.b. Recognize the moon rises later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction.Question: Why does the moon change phases? 1. The Moon orbits the Earth2. The Moon Rotates3. The Earth turns4. The Moon moves closer to EarthStandard for the question: Can you recognize that the moon rises later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction?Question: Does the Moon rise earlier or later each day? DOK 1. __________________________________________________________Question: The moon:rises the same time each dayrises earlier each dayrises later each daynever risesQuestion: If yes, Explain how the Moon rises later each day? DOK 3__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Standard for the question Missouri GLE: 6.2.B.c. Recognize the Moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period (i.e., if the Moon rises at about 6 P.M., it will set at about 6 A.M.) Question: How many hours can the moon be seen, between noon today and noon tomorrow?1. 24hours 2. 12hours 3. 6hours 4. 9hoursQuestion: Roughly, how long is the moon in the sky?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Question: Observe moon rise data and tell what happens to the change in time and azimuth for the moon-rise and moon-set data over a one month period. DOK 1. Examine some moon data: Rising and setting times for the Moon: St. Louis, Missouri: See: : Azimuth and Altitude: 1:Time:__________Azimuth:________Day 2: Time:__________Azimuth:________Day 28:Time:__________Azimuth:________Question: Based on this data……The moon rises and sets about ? hour later each day and its Moonrise and Moonset azimuth declines.The moon rises and sets about ? hour earlier each day and its Moonrise and Moonset azimuth increases.The moon rises and sets about one hour later each day, and the moonrise azimuth declines, while the moonset azimuth increases.The moon rises and sets about one hour earlier each day, and the moonrise azimuth increases, while the moonset azimuth declinesNotes: The moon-rise and the moon-set time is moving up about 45minutes to an hour each day. The times that the Moon rises and sets, changes due to its motion about the Earth. Because the Moon orbits the Earth in the same direction that the Earth spins, the time from one moonrise to the next (or one moonset to the next) is longer than one day - almost 25?hours. For example, on Jan.?21st, the new Moon will rise and set at almost the same times as the Sun. The next day, moonrise and moonset will occur about an hour later, and by Feb.?6th, the full Moon will rise about sunset and set about sunrise. The Moon continues to rise and set later and later through the rest of its cycle; to observe moonrise in mid-February, you'll have to stay up late, or get up before dawn or use the websites above.Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.d. Recognize that one half of the Moon is always facing the Sun and, therefore, one half of the Moon is always lit. Question: When looking from Earth, how much of the moon is usually in sunlight?1. One quarter2. One half3. One third4. Two fifthsQuestion: Where does the moon receive its light? DOK 1 Explain the cause or reason for how the moon is illuminated or lighted? DOK 2/DOK 3.Question: One fourth of the Moon is always facing the Sun and, therefore, one fourth of the Moon is always lit.a) Trueb) FalseNotes: The moon is a sphere and it reflects the Sun’s light. Therefore, only half the Moon is illuminated at one time- the half turned toward the Sun. Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.e. Relate the apparent change in the moon’s position in the sky as it appears to move east-to-west over the course of a day to Earth’s counterclockwise rotation about its axis.Question: Why does the moon appear to move across the sky?1. The moon moves farther from earth.2. The Moon Rotates 3. The Earth Turns4. The Moon orbits the EarthQuestion: Illustrate how the moon changes its location/position over a 28 day period as it goes through its apparent motion from east-to west throughout the course of a day. The moon moves in an ________to ________ direction over the course of a day to Earths ________________________________ rotation about its axis. However, the moon revolves around the Earth in a ________________________________ direction.Notes: Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.f. Describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an observable pattern (moon phases). Question: How long does it take for the moon to go through all its phases?1. 1 year2. 1 week3. 1 day4. 1 monthQuestion: Describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days. DOK 1. Explain why the phases occur. DOK 3.Notes: The moon rotates on its axis. This means that the side of the moon that receives the Sun’s light, always changes. Second, because the Moon orbits the Earth at the same time that Earth obits the Sun, the area of the illuminated Moon that is visible form Earth also changes each day.As the moon orbits the Earth, the Moon goes through a predictable cycle of changes in this apparent shape, called “phases.”The Moon phases occur because we see only portions of the Moon’s Illuminated side, depending on the Moon’s position relative to Earth. The pattern of lunar phases is predictableFrom any place on Earth everywhere the moon is visible the phase of the moon is the same on any given day.The apparent shape of the Moon in our sky depends on how much of the Moon’s illuminated side is visible from Earth. Part of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible, as is part of the Moon that is in its own shadow, which is called the “ dark side.” When the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, only the dark side is visible. This is called a “ new moon”. When Earth is between the Moon and Sun, the Moon’s entire illuminated side is visible. It is called a “full moon”6.2.C.f: Recognize the phases of the moon are due to the relative positions of the Moon with respect to the Earth and Sun.If you have access to the internet, you can see phases of the moon at: Reading: Cuttingg Standards: Science and Engineering PracticesDeveloping and Using ModelsModeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems.? Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)(MS-ESS1- 3) Systems and System Models? Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions. (MS-ESS1-2)Analyzing and Interpreting Data: Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative analysis to investigations, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and basic statistical techniques of data and error analysis.? Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. (MSESS1-3)Disciplinary Core IdeasESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars ? Patterns of the apparent motion of the moon, in the sky can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with models. (MS-ESS1-1)Patterns ? Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. (MS-ESS1-1)Scale, Proportion, and Quantity? Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. ----------------------------------------------Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology ? Engineering advances have led to important discoveries in virtually every field of science and scientific discoveries have led to the development of entire industries and engineered systems. (MSESS1-3)-----------------------------------------------Connections to Nature of Science Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems ? Science assumes that objects and events in natural systems occur in consistent patterns that are understandable through measurement and observation. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2) Connections to other DCIs in this grade-band: MS.PS2.A (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); MS.PS2.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); MS.ESS2.A (MS-ESS1-3)Articulation of DCIs across grade-bands: 3.PS2.A (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); 5.PS2.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); 5.ESS1.A (MS-ESS1-2); 5.ESS1.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2),(MSESS1-3); HS.PS2.A (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); HS.PS2.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); HS.ESS1.A (MS-ESS1-2); HS.ESS1.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2),(MS-ESS1-3); HS.ESS2.A (MSESS1-3)Common Core State Standards Connections: ELA/Literacy –RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (MS-ESS1-3) RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). (MS-ESS1-3)SL.8.5 Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)Mathematics –MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (MS-ESS1-3)MP.4 Model with mathematics. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)6.RP.A.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2).(MS-ESS1-3)7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2).(MS-ESS1-3) 6.EE.B.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. (MS-ESS1-2)7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. (MS-ESS1-2) ................
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