EUROPE-1
EUROPE I
(CHAPTER 1: 41-58)
MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
WESTERN EXTREMITY OF EURASIA
LINGERING WORLD INFLUENCE
HIGH DEGREES OF SPECIALIZATION
MANUFACTURING DOMINANCE
NUMEROUS NATION-STATES
URBANIZED POPULATION
HIGH STANDARDS OF LIVING
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE REALM (MAP)
WESTERN EUROPE
EASTERN EUROPE
BRITISH ISLES
NORTHERN EUROPE
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES (MAP)
▪ ALPINE SYSTEM
▪ WESTERN UPLANDS
▪ CENTRAL UPLANDS
▪ NORTH EUROPEAN LOWLAND
RELATIVE LOCATION
AT THE HEART OF THE LAND HEMISPHERE
MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY FOR CONTACT WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD
EVERY PART OF EUROPE IS CLOSE TO THE SEA.
NAVIGABLE WATERWAYS
MODERATE DISTANCES
RELATIVE LOCATION (MAP)
AGRARIAN REVOLUTION
BEGAN IN EUROPE IN 1750s
BASED ON NEW AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
ENABLED INCREASED FOOD PRODUCTION
ENABLED SUSTAINED POPULATION INCREASE
VON THUNEN’S ISOLATED STATE
A CLASSIC MODEL IN GEOGRAPHY
FASHIONED IN 1826 TO EXPLAIN THE ECONOMIC PATTERNS DEVELOPING IN EUROPE
BASED ON 4 CONCENTRIC LAND USE RINGS SURROUNDING A MARKET PLACE
LAND USE WAS A FUNCTION OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS.
THE ISOLATED STATE BECAME THE FOUNDATION FOR MODERN LOCATION THEORY.
VON THUNEN’S ISOLATED STATE (MAP & MODEL)
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
DEVELOPED IN THE UK BETWEEN 1750-1850
EVOLVED FROM TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS WHICH OCCURRED IN BRITISH INDUSTRY
PROVED TO BE A MAJOR CATALYST TOWARDS INCREASED URBANIZATION
PRODUCED A DISTINCT SPATIAL PATTERN IN EUROPE
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION THEORY
ALFRED WEBER PUBLISHED HIS WORK IN 1909.
EXAMINED THE INFLUENCES THAT AFFECT INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
FOCUSED ON ACTIVITIES THAT OCCUR AT SPECIFIC POINTS
IDENTIFIED AGGLOMERATIVE AND DEGLOMERATIVE FORCES
AREAL FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION
PARTICULAR PEOPLES AND PARTICULAR PLACES CONCENTRATING ON THE PRODUCTION OF PARTICULAR GOODS
SPATIAL INTERACTION
MOVEMENT ACROSS GEOGRAPHIC SPACE
INVOLVES CONTACT OF PEOPLE IN TWO OR MORE PLACES FOR THE PURPOSES OF EXCHANGING GOODS OR IDEAS
PRINCIPLES
COMPLEMENTARITY
TRANSFERABILITY
INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY
COMPLEMENTARITY
TWO PLACES, THROUGH AN EXCHANGE OF GOODS, CAN SPECIFICALLY SATISFY EACH OTHER’S DEMANDS.
ONE AREA HAS A SURPLUS OF AN ITEM DEMANDED BY A SECOND AREA.
TRANSFERABILITY
THE EASE WITH WHICH A COMMODITY MAY BE TRANSPORTED OR THE CAPACITY TO MOVE A GOOD AT A BEARABLE COST
RIVERS, MOUNTAIN PASSES, ROAD NETWORKS
ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY
THE PRESENCE OF A NEARER SOURCE OF SUPPLY OR OPPORTUNITY THAT ACTS TO DIMINISH THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF MORE DISTANT SOURCES AND SITES
URBAN TRADITION
URBANIZATION
RELATED CONCEPTS
PRIMATE CITY
METROPOLIS
CBD
CITIES
THE TERM IS A POLITICAL DESIGNATION.
REFERS TO A MUNICIPAL ENTITY THAT IS GOVERNED BY SOME KIND OF ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
THE LARGEST CITIES (ESPECIALLY CAPITALS) ARE:
THE FOCI OF THE STATE
COMPLETE MICROCOSMS OF THEIR NATIONAL CULTURES
PRIMATE CITY
A COUNTRY’S LARGEST CITY
JEFFERSON’S CRITERIA:
ALWAYS DISPROPORTIONATELY LARGER THAN THE SECOND LARGEST URBAN CENTER - MORE THAN TWICE THE SIZE
EXPRESSIVE OF THE NATIONAL CULTURE
USUALLY (BUT NOT ALWAYS) THE CAPITAL
EXAMPLES: PARIS, LONDON, ATHENS
METROPOLITAN COMPLEXES (MODEL)
EUROPEAN VERSUS AMERICAN CITIES
▪ SIMILARITIES
▪ DIFFERENCES
EUROPE’S CHANGING POPULATION
▪ FALLING SHARE OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION
▪ FERTILITY
▪ FEWER YOUNG PEOPLE
▪ SMALLER WORKING AGE POPULATION
▪ BOOM AND BUST AGE-DEPENDENT
▪ IMMIGRATION PARTIALLY OFFSETTING LOSSES
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