SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - Deborah Brautigam



Fall 2013 Johns Hopkins University/SAIS SYLLABUS Sept. 29, 2013SA 400.751 GOVERNANCE, DEMOCRACY, AND DEVELOPMENTWednesdays 6pm to 8pmProfessor:Deborah Br?utigamOffice:BOB 735Telephone:202-650-5412Email:dbrautigam@jhu.eduOffice Hours: Open office hours most Tuesdays 2:30 - 4:30; by appointment on Wednesdays 2:30 to 4:30 (every 20 minutes). Contact Robin Washington for an appointment: rbwashington@jhu.eduCourse Objectives: This course explores democracy, governance and development. How should these concepts be defined? How do countries develop effective and responsive states? What impact do governance and democracy have on development? How do foreign aid and external forces affect governance/democracy? We examine key issues (participation, revenues, transparency, rule of law, corruption, etc.) closely, before turning to case studies, including failed states/Afghanistan, the Arab Spring and the impact of the rise of the BRICs. Students will learn tools useful in democracy/governance work, as well as memo-writing and policy brief skills. This course assumes some basic knowledge about democracy and democratic transitions that students would gain from a course such as SA 100.750 Comparative National Systems, an undergraduate course on the Politics of Development or Comparative Politics, or the equivalent. Grading:One 2500 word policy brief with scholarly endnotes30%or 2500 word research paperFive one-page discussion papers, weeks of your choice24%Praxis: two 2 page memos with scholarly endnotes30%Class participation* and leading discussion 16%*more is not always better: we’re looking for quality over quantityPaper/project due dates:One page abstract with research question, proposed methodology, and 10 item (minimum) bibliography Week 82 Memos: Week 6 and Week 11Final paper/project due in last class Week 13Detailed instructions for all assignments will be posted on Blackboard. Assignments will be graded using an approximation of this scale:40%quality of analysis, thought, originality 25%ability to use class readings and research evidence skillfully in making your argument (this ability might be demonstrated in the endnotes depending on the assignment.).25%quality of writing and organization of paper10%professional presentation (including proofreading) of paperUseful websites on Governance & Democracy Issues: (sign up for updates)Foreign Policy, Democracy Lab: HYPERLINK "" Andrews’ governance ernance (the journal) blog. University: Innovations for Successful Societies ProgramWeek 1:What are we talking about? Sept. 4Please read these before the first class and come prepared to discuss how you think governance should be defined. Discussion questions will be posted on Blackboard:Francis Fukuyama, 2013, "What is Governance?" Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 314, Jan. 2013. Published also in Governance 26(3), 2013: 347-368, HYPERLINK "" . And read at least five of the brief commentaries available at Governance online (links are embedded in Fukuyama’s reply: HYPERLINK "" K. Emmerson (2012) “Minding the Gap Between Democracy and Governance,” Journal of Democracy, 23, 2 (April): 62-73. Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162, no. 3859 (13 December 1968): 1243-48. Deborah Brautigam (1992) “Governance, Economy and Foreign Aid,” Studies in Comparative International Development. Carmen R. Apaza (2009) “Measuring governance and corruption through the worldwide governance indicators: Critiques, responses, and ongoing scholarly discussion,” PS Political Science & Politics 42(1): 139‐143. There will be no class September 11. I will be representing SAIS at the Asian World Economic Forum, in China. We will have a make-up class from 5 to 7 on a Friday evening to be determined, with an optional happy hour afterwards. Week 2:Does Governance Matter? Sept. 18Charles Kenny (2012) “Does Governance Matter?” in Governance 25, 1, (January): 1–3.Stephan Haggard, Andrew MacIntyre, and Lydia Tiede (2008) ”Rule of Law and Economic Development,” Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 11: 205–34.Arthur Goldsmith (2007) “Is Governance Reform a Catalyst for Development?” Governance: 20, 2.Joan M. Nelson (2007) ”Elections, Democracy, and Social Services,” Studies in Comparative International Development (Winter): 79-97.The readings below are all econometric studies; most can be accessed online. Read the introduction and main arguments, and be ready to discuss in class. E. Glaeser, R. La Porta, et al. 2004. “ HYPERLINK "" Do Institutions Cause Growth?” Journal of Economic Growth 9 (3): 271-303. Stasavage. 2005. “Democracy and Education Spending in Africa.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 343-58. Michael Ross. 2006. “Is Democracy Good for the Poor?” American Journal of Political Science 50 (4): 860-874.Simon Wigley and Arzu Akkoyunlu-Wigley. (2011) “The Impact of Regime Type on Health: Does Redistribution Explain Everything?” World Politics, 63, 4, October, pp. 647-677.Robin Harding and David Stasavage. (2012) “ HYPERLINK "" What Democracy Does (and Doesn’t do) for Basic Services: School Fees, School Inputs and African Elections.” Unpublished paper. Harding. (2013) “ HYPERLINK "" One for the Road: Voting for Public Goods in Ghana,” New York University, unpublished paper (January). 3:History & InstitutionsSept. 25 “Some believe that good institutions explain economic development (Acemoglu; Rodrik) while others believe economic development explains why some acquired good institutions (Boix & Stokes, 2003).”North, Douglass. 1991. “Institutions,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1. (Winter), pp. 97-112.Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson. 2001. "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation" American Economic Review, vol. 91 (5) 1369-1401. There are many commentaries on this paper. See: --McArthur, John W. and Jeffrey D. Sachs, 2001, HYPERLINK "" Institutions and Geography: Comment on Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2000), NBER Working Paper #8114. --Albouy, David, 2006, “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Investigation of the Settler Mortality Data,” Revised draft for the American Economic Review, [see Acemoglu et al’s response to Albouy at: ]--Olsson, Ola, 2004, Unbundling Ex-Colonies: A Comment on AJR, mimeo.Review by Jared Diamond of Acemoglu and Johnson, Why Nations Fail in New York Review of Books, Nunn, Nathan (2008), "The Long Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 123(1), pp. 139-176.Skim enough of the following articles to be familiar with this additional debate:Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development” NBER WP 9305, October 2002. , Jeffrey. 2003, “Institutions Don’t Rule: Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income.” NBER Working Paper 9490 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research). further reading:Stanley L. Engerman and Kenneth L. Sokoloff (2008) “Debating the Role of Institutions in Political and Economic Development: Theory, History, and Findings,” Annual Review of Political Science, 11: 119-136.Week 4:Economic Development versus Culture and Values Oct. 2This week starts with two classics: Lipset (1959) and Przeworski & Limongi (1997). If you’ve already read these, skim them again & note main arguments. *S. M. Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review, 53 (Mar. 1959): 69-105.*A. Przeworski and F. Limongi (1997) “Modernization: Theories and Facts,” World Politics, 49, 2 (1997): 155-83.*Boix, C. and Susan Stokes (2003). “Endogenous Democratization,” World Politics 55: 517-49.*Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel. 2009. “How Development Leads to Democracy: What We Know About Modernization,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2009. *Woodberry, Robert D. 2012. “The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy.” American Political Science Review 106, 2 (May): 224-274. Read only enough to get the argument.For further reading:*Peter Von Doepp, “The Leadership Variable in Africa: Situating Structure and Agency in Governance Trajectories,” unpublished paper available at: Nathan (2012) “Confucius and the Ballot Box: Why "Asian Values" Do Not Stymie Democracy,” Foreign Affairs91.?4 (Jul/Aug 2012): 134-139. “The culture factor”*Francis Fukuyama. 1995. “The Primacy of Culture,” Journal of Democracy (January) 6, 1: 7-14.Week 5:Revenues Oct. 9*Michael Ross (2011) “Will Oil Drown the Arab Spring? Democracy and the Resource Curse,” Foreign Affairs90.?5 (Sep/Oct): 2-7.*D. Brautigam (2008) “Introduction,” and “Mauritius” in Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent Cambridge University Press: 1-33; PAGES.*Nicholas Eubank (2012) “Taxation, Political Accountability, and Foreign Aid: Lessons from Somaliland,” in Journal of Development Studies 48, 4: 465-480.Recommended:*M. Moore and O. Fjeldstad (2008) “Tax Reform in a Globalized World,” in Brautigam, Fjeldstad and Moore, eds. Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent.Week 6:External Influences Oct. 16First Memo Due Today*Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way (2005). “ HYPERLINK "" International Linkage and Democratization,” Journal of Democracy 16(3): 20–34.*Deborah Brautigam and Steven Knack (2004) “Foreign Aid, Institutions and Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52, 2: 255-85.*Steven Finkel, A. Pérez-Li?an and Mitchell A. Seligson (2007) “ HYPERLINK "" The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building,” World Politics 59, 3: 404–439. *Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and George W. Downs (2005) “Development and Democracy,” Foreign Affairs, 84, 5 (Sep.-Oct.): 77-86.Sarah Bush (2013). “ HYPERLINK "" Confront or Conform? Rethinking U.S. Democracy Assistance,” Project on Middle East Democracy, Policy Brief. March.Week 7:Case Studies: Arab SpringOct. 23 *Eva Bellin (2004) “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics, 36:2 (January): 139-157.*Larry Diamond. (2010). ‘Why are there no Arab democracies?’ Journal of Democracy 21, 1: 93‐104.*Lars Berger (2011).?“The Missing Link? US Policy and the International Dimensions of Failed Democratic Transitions in the Arab?World.’??Political Studies?59, 1:?38-49.?? *The Economist (2012) “Can Conquests Centuries Ago Explain the Democratic Deficit in the Arab World Today” April 7, 2012.*Uri Dadush and Michele Dunne (2011) “American and European Responses to the?Arab?Spring: What's the Big Idea?’? Washington Quarterly???34(4):?131-145. ???Week 8:Participation, Social Capital, and Civil Society Oct. 30(Film on Porto Allegre)Robert D. Putnam, “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital,” Journal of Democracy 6 (January 1995). *Lily Tsai (2007) “Governance and Informal Institutions of Accountability,” in Accountabilty Without Democracy: Solidary Groups and Public Goods Provision in Rural China Cambridge: 1-19. *Sheri Berman (1997) “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic,” World Politics 49(3): 401-429.*D. Brautigam (2004) “The People’s Budget? Politics, Power, Popular Participation and Pro-Poor Policy,” Development Policy Review,” 22, 6: 653-668.*Sarah L. Henderson. 2002. “Selling Civil Society: Western Aid and the Nongovernmental Organization Sector in Russia,” Comparative Political Studies v. 35, n. 2: 139-167.Week 9:Case Study: Afghanistan [Failed States/State Building]Nov. 6 Noel Maurer, Debora L. Spar, Gunnar Trumbull, “Afghanistan 2006: Building a Brand New State,” Harvard Business School Case (revised 2010). Robert H. Bates. 2008. “State Failure,” Annual Review of Political Science, v. 11: 1-12.Ethan B. Kapstein and Nathan Converse, “Why Democracies Fail,” Journal of Democracy 19 (4), 2008.Additional readings will be added for this week.Week 10:Corruption and its Roots Nov. 13*Peter Ekeh (1975). "Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: a Theoretical Statement," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17. Fall, pp. 91-93 and 108-111 only. Nathaniel H. Leff, (1964), "Economic Development through Bureaucratic Corruption," The American Behavior Scientist, November, 8, 2, 8-14.Robert Wade, R. (1985). “The market for public office: Why the Indian state is not better at development.” World Development, 13, 467–497.Jennifer Davis (2004) “Corruption in Public Services: Experiences from South Asia’s Water and Sanitation Sector”. World Development, 32, 1, 53-71.Gabriel Kuris. (2013), “From A Rocky Start To Regional Leadership: Mauritius’s Anti-Corruption Agency, 2006 – 2012,” (July). further reading:See also the experience of the US in trying to combat corruption by US companies abroad: [on the FCPA]Daniel Treisman (2007)”What have we Learned About the Causes of Corruption From Ten Years of Cross-National Empirical Research?” Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 10: 211–44.Week 11:Case Study: South AfricaSpecial ClassNov. 15 5pm to 7pm2nd Memo Due TodayKennedy School Case: Dan Schneider. 1627.0 “The Constitutional Right to Housing in South Africa: The Government of the Republic of South Africa Versus Irene Grootboom.” Case is physically on reserve in the library but cannot be downloaded due to copyright restrictions. You can also purchase and download the case from the HBS website. Be sure to choose the reduced student price.Week 12:Foreign Aid and Governance: PraxisNov. 20*Robert Wade (2009). “Accountability Gone Wrong: The World Bank, Non-governmental Organisations and the US Government in a Fight over China,” New Political Economy, 14: 1, pp. 25-48.*Anna Persson, Bo Rothstein, Jan Teorell, “Why Anticorruption Reforms Fail—Systemic Corruption as a Collective Action Problem,” Governance*Maureen Lewis (2006). “Tackling Health Care Corruption and Governance Woes in Developing Countries.” Center for Global Development Policy Brief. *R. Reinikka and J. Svensson. 2006. “Using Micro-Surveys to Measure and Explain Corruption,” World Development 34(2): 359-370.*Cobham, Alex. 2013. “Corrupting Perceptions.” Foreign Policy (July 22, 2013). also the Transparency International website and the tools offered there: 13:Case Study: China and the Rise of the BRICsDec. 4*Before class, see Yasheng Huang’s TED talk: “Does Democracy Stifle Economic Growth?” *Robert B. Zoellick. 2005 “Whither China: From Membership to Responsibility?” remarks to National Committee on US-China Relations, New York City, September 21.*Jorge G. Casta?eda (2010) “Not Ready for Prime Time: Why Including Emerging Powers at the Helm Would Hurt Global Governance,” and comment by Oliver Stuenkel (2010) “Casta?eda Fails to Offer Viable Alternatives.” Foreign Affairs, September/October.*Deborah Brautigam (2011) “Rogue Donor? Myths and Realities,” in The Dragon’s Gift Oxford University Press: 273-306.*Andrew J. Nathan, 2003, “China’s Changing of the Guard: Authoritarian Resilience,” Journal of Democracy 14 (January 2003): 6–17.*Hu Liu and Dingding Chen (2012) “Why China Will Democratize,” The Washington Quarterly, Winter: 41-63. ................
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