MEALS AND MORE .ca
[Pages:144]MEALS AND MORE
A Foods and Nutrition Manual for Homes of Adults and Children with Persons or Fewer in Care
NOTICE TO USERS AND DISCLAIMER: The nutrition information (the "Content") contained in this Meals and More Manual (the "Manual") is for informational purposes only. The Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician, Registered Dietitian or other qualified health care provider with respect to any questions you may have regarding a medical condition and the nutritional requirements based upon that medical condition. Reliance upon any Content provided in the Manual is solely at your own risk. While every effort is made to keep the Content and the Manual up to date, the Manual and the Content are provided on an "as is" basis and any warranties for fitness of purpose are hereby expressly disclaimed. The Province of British Columbia makes no guarantee, representation, assurance or warranty, express or implied, as to, and assumes no responsibility for the correctness, sufficiency or completeness of such Content. Users of this Manual further agree that the Province of British Columbia shall not be responsible or liable to users or any other person as successor, assignee or third party beneficiary of users for indirect, punitive, exemplary, special or consequential damages which may be alleged as resulting, directly or indirectly, from the use of this Manual or the Content.
ISBN 978-0-7726-6091-6 Date: November 28 2008 British Columbia. Ministry of Health. Meals and more manual : a foods and nutrition manual for homes of adults and children with 24 persons or fewer in care
Acknowledgements
i
Acknowledgements
Many people contributed their time and expertise to the development of this edition of Meals and More. The members of the Advisory Committee are gratefully acknowledged
for their tremendous dedication and contribution to the project.
Christine Chou, Fraser Health
Joyce Chow, Fair Haven United Church Homes and Lakeview Care Center
Lisa Forster-Coull, BC Ministry of Health
Karen Davison, Langara College, Department of Nutrition and Food Services Management
Melanie Golder, Special Projects Residential Care, Health Protection, BC Ministry of Health
Dianne Hays, Pine Grove Care Centre, Kamloops Seniors' Village and Piccadilly Care Centre (Salmon Arm)
Betty Holmes, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Northshore
Glenda Reid, Consultant in Nutrition and Food Service
Jill Romanchuk, Health Services for Community Living and Community Living BC
Swati Scott, Private Practice Dietitian and Vancouver Island Health Authority
Wendy Scott, Morrison Healthcare
Rhonda Smyl, Westcoast Dietetics Limited
Maria van Sloun, Vancouver Island Health Authority
The Advisory Committee would also like to thank those who assisted with this project by participating in the initial survey, providing and reviewing content and assisting with the pilot testing of the checklists and forms.
Sue Bedford, Community Care Facilities, Health Protection, BC Ministry of Health
Vyvian Burns, Delta Community Living Society, Cabeldu Group Home
Annabelle Cariaso, Hillside Lodge Limited
Margaret Fenwick, Vancouver Coastal Health, Garibaldi Area
Lynne Francis, Arcus Community Resources
Karen Glassford, BC Center for Disease Control
Nadia Guirguis, Fraser Health
Baljit Kandola, Barberry Lodge
Rachel Hansen, Celebration and Rainbow Manor
Peter Lam, Fraser Health Elaine Paetkau, Nechako Centre Liz Postnikoff, Fraser Health Karen Richardson, Northern Health Carmen Rotella, Malchow House Denia Saligumba, Denman House Gail Silva, Semiahmoo House Society Tim Shum, Fraser Health Janice Skidmore, Delta Community Living
Society, Cabeldu Group Home Laura Stovel, Health Communications Deanna Tan-Francoeur, Fraser Health Lori Zehr, Centre for Sport and Exercise
Education, Camosun College Irene Zilinski, Lynn Valley Care Centre
Edited By: Lesley Cameron and Karen Davison
Contents
iii
AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEALS AND MORE MANUAL
Who Is the Manual For?
2
What Is the Purpose of the Manual?
2
What Is in this Manual?
2
SECTION : MONITORING YOUR FOOD AND
NUTRITION PROGRAM
Food and Nutrition Monitoring
6
Forms for Monitoring Your Food and Nutrition Program
6
Menu Checklist
8
Satisfaction with Nutrition and Food Services Survey
13
Nutrition Care Plan Checklist
17
Mealtime Checklist
20
Meals and More Checklist
22
SECTION : INDIVIDUAL NUTRITION CARE PLANNING
Steps to Complete an Individual Nutrition Care Plan
26
Developing an Eating and Drinking Plan
35
Documenting Height and Weight
36
Determining Weight Goals
36
Healthy Weight and the Body Mass Index (BMI)
39
How to Contact a Registered Dietitian
39
SECTION : FOOD TEXTURES, MODIFIED FLUIDS AND
SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Cut-Up and Finger Foods
42
Minced Foods
42
Tips for Minced Foods
43
Pur?ed Foods
43
Tips for Pur?ed Foods
44
Thick Fluids
46
Dysphagia (Swallowing Disorder)
46
iv
Contents
SECTION : SPECIAL DIETS
Cholesterol-Lowering Diet
50
Diet for Diabetes Management
51
High-Fibre Diet
52
High-Protein, High-Energy Diet
56
Low-Salt Diet
57
Weight-Control Diet
59
Food Allergies and Intolerance
60
Tube-Feeding
60
Food and Medication Interactions
60
SECTION : HEALTHY EATING
Healthy Eating
64
Grain Products
65
Vegetables and Fruit
66
Milk and Milk Alternatives
67
Meat and Alternatives
68
Oils and Fats
69
Fluids
70
Fibre
71
Salt
72
SECTION : MENU PLANNING
Steps to Plan Your Cycle Menu
83
Developing and Standardizing Recipes
83
SECTION : LUNCHES TO GO, EATING OUT
AND THE MUNCHIES
Lunches To Go
88
Eating Out
89
The Munchies
91
Contents
v
SECTION : PURCHASING FOOD WISELY
Where to Shop?
94
Grocery Lists and Purchasing Foods from Suppliers
95
Wise Shopping and the Four Food Groups
98
Using Nutrition Labels to Purchase Wisely
99
SECTION : MANAGING FOOD SAFELY
TO MAINTAIN QUALITY
Storage Tips
104
Thawing Foods
105
Food Preparation
105
Cooking
105
Serving Food
106
Mealtime Clean-Up and Reheating Food
106
Tips for Food Handlers
106
Cross-Contamination
107
SECTION : THE DINING ENVIRONMENT
AND MEALTIME ASSISTANCE
The Mealtime Environment
110
Mealtime Assistance and Eating Aids
110
Common Eating Problems
112
Eating and Behaviour Challenges
113
Eating-Behaviour Solutions
114
Overeating and the Environment
114
Suggestions for Special Mealtime Activities
115
Cultural, Religious and Personal Considerations
116
Developing Food Skills
117
SECTION : EMERGENCY PLANNING
Emergency Menu
129
SECTION : CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHILDREN
Common Nutrition Concerns in Children from 1 to 19 Years
128
Positive Nutrition and Development of Eating Skills
for Children with Disabilities
132
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