How Shanghai Does It - World Bank

[Pages:181]DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Human Development

How Shanghai Does It

Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World

Xiaoyan Liang, Huma Kidwai, and Minxuan Zhang

How Shanghai Does It

DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Human Development

How Shanghai Does It

Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World

Xiaoyan Liang, Huma Kidwai, and Minxuan Zhang

? 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:

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How Shanghai Does It: Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0790-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations--If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations--If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content--The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any thirdparty?owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@ .

ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0790-9 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0791-6 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0790-9

Cover photo: ? Tingyan Xie/Shanghai Education Magazine. Used with permission of Tingyan Xie/Shanghai Education Magazine. Further permission required for reuse. Cover design: Debra Naylor, Naylor Design, Inc.

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How Shanghai Does It ?

Contents

Foreword Acknowledgments About the Authors Executive Summary Abbreviations

xi xiii xv xvii xxvii

Introduction

1

Background

1

Chapter 1 Overview of Shanghai and Its Education System

3

Introduction

3

Education Development in Shanghai

8

Annex 1A

9

Notes

11

References

11

Chapter 2

Systems Approach to Analyzing Education Policies and

Linking Them to Implementation and Learning Outcomes 13

Introduction

13

Measuring Policy Intent and the SABER Instruments

14

Measuring Policy Implementation

16

Connecting Policy Intent, Implementation, and PISA

Learning Outcome Measures

16

Limitations of the Study

17

References

17

Chapter 3

Attracting and Developing an Excellent Teaching Force 19

Introduction

19

Policy Goal 1: Setting Clear Expectations for Teachers

(Advanced)

19

Policy Goal 2: Attracting the Best into Teaching (Advanced) 24

Policy Goal 3: Preparing Teachers with Useful Training

and Experience (Established)

29

How Shanghai Does It ?

v

vi

Contents

Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6

Policy Goal 4: Matching Teachers' Skills with Students'

Needs (Established)

31

Policy Goal 5: Leading Teachers with Strong Principals

(Established)

32

Policy Goal 6: Monitoring Teaching and Learning

(Advanced)

36

Policy Goal 7: Supporting Teachers to Improve

Instruction (Established)

38

Policy Goal 8: Motivating Teachers to Perform (Established) 42

Summary

43

References

45

Financing Education for Quality and Equity

47

Introduction

47

Policy Goal 1: Ensuring Basic Conditions for Learning

(Advanced)

47

Policy Goal 2: Monitoring Learning Conditions and

Outcomes (Established)

52

Policy Goal 3: Overseeing Service Delivery (Established) 54

Policy Goal 4: Budgeting with Adequate and Transparent

Information (Established)

56

Policy Goal 5: Providing More Resources to Students

Who Need Them (Established)

58

Policy Goal 6: Managing Resources Efficiently (Advanced) 65

Summary

65

Notes

67

References

67

Balancing Autonomy and Accountability

69

Introduction

69

Policy Goal 1: Level of Autonomy in Planning and

Management of the School Budget (Established)

70

Policy Goal 2: Level of Autonomy of Personnel

Management (Established)

73

Policy Goal 3: Role of the School Council in

School Governance (Emerging)

74

Policy Goal 4: School and Student Assessment

(Established)

77

Policy Goal 5: School Accountability (Emerging)

78

Summary

81

References

82

Creating an Effective Student Assessment System

85

Introduction

85

Assessment Types and Purposes

85

How Shanghai Does It ?

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