Macmillan Learning for Instructors | Textbooks & Resources ...



Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.Chapter 1: First Peoples, First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, to 4000 b.c.e.I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First MigrationsA. Into Eurasia1. Migrations: 45,000–20,000 years ago2. New hunting tools3. Cave paintings4. Venus figurinesB. Into Australia1. Migrations by boats as early as 60,000 years ago2. DreamtimeC. Into the Americas1. Bering Strait migrations: 30,000–15,000 years ago2. Clovis culture3. Large animal extinctions4. Diversification of lifestylesD. Into the Pacific1. Waterborne migrations 3,500–1,000 years ago2. Intentional colonization of new lands3. Human environmental impactsII. The Ways We WereA. The First Human Societies1. Small populations with low density2. Egalitarian societies3. Widespread violenceB. Economy and the Environment1. The “original affluent society?”2. Altering the environmentC. The realm of the Spirit1. Ceremonial space2. Cyclical view of timeD. Settling Down: The Great Transition1. New tools and collecting wild grains2. Climate change and permanent communities3. G?bekli Tepe: “The First Temple”4. Settlements make greater demands on environmentIII. Breakthrough to AgricultureA. Common Patterns1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous2. Climate change3. Gender patterns4. A response to population growthB. Variations1. Local plants and animals determined path to agriculture2. Fertile Crescent first with a quick, 500-year transition3. Multiple sites in Africa4. Potatoes and maize but few animals in the AmericasIV. The Globalization of Agriculture A. Triumph and Resistance1. Diffusion and migration2. Resistance3. End of old ways of lifeB. The Culture of Agriculture1. Dramatic population increase2. Increased human impact on the environment3. Negative health impacts4. Technological innovations5. Alcohol!V. Social Variation in the Age of AgricultureA. Pastoral Societies1. Environmental factors2. Milk, meat, and blood3. Mobility4. Conflict with settled communitiesB. Agriculture Village Societies1. Social equality2. Gender equity3. Kinship ties and role of eldersC. Chiefdoms1. Not force but gifts, rituals, and charisma2. Religious and secular authority3. Collection and redistribution of tributeVI. ReflectionsA. “Progress?”B. Paleolithic valuesC. Objectivity ................
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