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Unit 1 Vocabulary

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|Articles of Confederation |Fifteenth Amendment |

|Checks and balances |First Amendment |

|Common Sense |House of Representatives |

|Declaration of Independence |Magna Carta |

|Democracy |Monarchy |

|Dictatorship |Natural Rights |

|Double jeopardy |Nineteenth Amendment |

|Eighth Amendment |Northwest ordinance |

|Elastic clause |Republic |

|Electoral college |Senate |

|English Bill of Rights |Shay’s rebellion |

|Factions |Virginia Plan |

|Federalism | |

Directions:

Match each item from the word bank to the correct definition.

1.       A form of government, a system of selecting policymakers, and a way of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences.

2.       A form of government in which one person controls all aspects of governing, the general population has little or no political participation, and their rights are restricted.

3.       Form of government in which one person has control, claiming power comes from “divine rights” passed from one generation of the royal class to the next.

4.       A form of government that derives its power, directly or indirectly, from the people. Those chosen to govern are accountable to those whom they govern. In contrast to a direct democracy, in which people themselves make laws, people in a republic select representatives who make the laws.

5.       Parliament, in continued efforts to end monarchs' abuse of the people, made William and Mary of Orange sign this document as a condition of their becoming the new English monarchs.

6.       Document presented to King John of England at Runnymede; it outlined restrictions to his power and granted certain rights to the barons.

7.       Thomas Paine's inflammatory essay supporting the colonies' split from tyrannical England. In the essay, Paine called the king a "Royal Brute" and promoted the idea of an American republic where free citizens were in control.

8.       The document, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson and approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776, stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.

9.       Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to English philosopher John Locke’s theories about government and was widely accepted among America’s founding fathers. Thomas Jefferson echoed Locke’s language in drafting the Declaration of Independence. Also called "natural law."

10.       Adopted in 1777 and enacted in 1781, the Articles of Confederation created a model for what later became the United States Government by instituting a government with a unicameral legislature and leaving most authority with the state legislatures.

11.       An important part of the Madisonian model designed to limit government’s power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions. These institutions continually restrict or check one another’s activities, reflecting Madison’s goal of setting power against power.

12.       Interest groups that develop from the unequal distribution of property or wealth. Today’s parties or interest groups are what James Madison had in mind when he warned in Federalist Paper No. 10 of the instability in government caused by factions.

13.       Officially titled ''An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio,'' the Northwest Ordinance was passed on July 13, 1787. It encouraged development of the area that eventually became the states of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and it established a method for new state creation, outlawed slavery in the territory, and set aside land for education.

14.       A series of attacks on courthouses by a small group of farmers led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays to block farm foreclosure proceedings.

15.       Proposed at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, the this plan called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state’s share of the U.S. population.

16.       Clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8) that authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.

17.       A unique American institution, created by the Constitution, providing for the selection of the president by electors from each state. Although the Electoral College vote usually reflects a popular majority, the winner-take-all rule gives power to big states.

18.       One of the two houses of Congress, it is comprised of 435 representatives elected according to each state's population.

19.       A way of organizing a nation so that two or more governments share power over the same constituents. Sovereignty is shared between the governments.

20.       One of the two houses of Congress, it is comprised of two representatives from each state.

21.       A situation that occurs when a defendant is tried for the same crime twice. Double jeopardy is prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.

22.       The constitutional amendment that forbids cruel and unusual punishment, although it does not define this phrase. Through the Fourteenth Amendment, this Bill of Rights provision applies to the states.

23.       Constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend voting rights to African Americans. It prohibited states from denying anyone the right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

24.       Constitutional amendment that establishes freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.

25.       Constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 guaranteeing women the right to vote.

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