Bloodhounds Incorporated



GENERAL SENSATIONTwo-Point DiscriminationYou will be testing for tactile sensation. The more touch receptors you have in one area of the body the better you are able to feel.Supplies:CaliperMetric rulerExperiment:You will be testing your partner’s touch sensation and not your ownYour partner will need to keep their eyes closed during the testingMake sure that the points of the calipers are touching when you begin the experiment. Place the caliper points gently onto the back of your partner’s hand. These calipers can be sharp so please be careful.Your partner is supposed to tell you when they no longer feel just a single point but two points. So, you will need to slowly open the calipers and press them onto the back of your partner’s hand again. Continue to open the calipers slowly until your partner can feel two points. Record your results in the chart below.Repeat these procedures on each of the area in the chart below.Two-Point ThresholdBody AreaTwo-point threshold (mm)Ventral ForearmPalm of HandFingertipBack of NeckTactile LocalizationSupplies:Black felt-tipped penBlue felt-tipped penAlcohol SwabExperiment:Your partner’s eyes need to be closed during this experiment.Using the black felt-tipped pen the experimenter should touch the palm of their partner’s hand.Your partner then tries to touch the same spot the best they can with their eyes closed.Your partner needs to try to touch the same spot two more times with their eyes closed to see if they improve with each try.Measure the distance between each blue dot and the original black box to see how much closer your partner gets with each try and write down the average in the box below.Repeat the experiment on each of the places in the table belowYou can use the alcohol swab to clean off the ink from the felt pens.Tactile TestingBody AreaAverage Distance (mm)Palm of HandFingertipBack of HandHot/Cold ReceptorsSupplies:Probe in ice waterProbe in hot waterExperiment:Place one probe in ice water and one probe in the hot water bathDuring the entire experiment have your partner close their eyes.Place the cold probe on the palm of your partner’s hand and hold it in place for approximately 3 seconds. Directly after placing the probe on your partner’s palm have your partner touch the spot with a colored pen. (use red for the hot probe and blue for the cold probe)Measure how far away the pen mark is from the actual probe spot.Repeat for different body area.Repeat using the hot probe.Heat and Cold ReceptorsBody AreaCold Probe (mm)Hot Probe (mm)Ventral ForearmPalm of HandFingertipBack of NeckAdaptation to TouchThe brain as well as the neurons in your arm are feeling touch sensation. After the neurons in the brain and the arm have been stimulated for long periods of time the stimulus will be ignored. This is also called adaptation to touch.Supplies:(6) PenniesExperiment:First Part of Experiment:Make sure the pennies are warm. You can just rub when in the palm of your hands to warm them up.Place your arm ventral side up on your desk.Stack the pennies and place them on the ventral surface of your arm and leave them in place.While the pennies are on your arm make sure you are paying attention to the pennies. Look at the pennies, think about the pennies, even talk to your partner about the pennies. Have your partner time how long it takes you to adapt (not feel) the pennies. ___________________sec.Second Part of Experiment:Remove the pennies from your arm and place them on your opposite arm that is resting on your table, ventral side up.This time you are going to attempt to ignore the pennies. Have your partner distract you by talking to you about anything but those pennies. Now how long does it take you to adapt to the pennies? _______________sec.Adaptation to Temperature Supplies:(3) Beakers found on the counter for your use (Do NOT remove these beakers from the counter).Experiment:When facing the three beakers the beaker to the right should be filled with ice water, the beaker in the middle should be filled with room temperature water and the beaker to the left should be filled with hot water at 45C.Immerse your left hand in the hot water. How does the left hand feel? ___________________Leave the left hand in the beaker for approximately 1 minute and then place the right hand in the beaker. How does the right hand feel now compared to the left hand? _________________________Take both hands out of the water and wait approximately 5 minutes to finish this experiment.At the end of 5 minutes place the right hand in the ice water and the left hand in the hot water. How does each of your hands feel? _______________________________After one minutes how do the hands now feel? _____________________________________After one-minute place both hands into the room temperature water. How does your left hand feel? ________________ How does your right hand feel? _____________________ Referred PainSupplies:Beaker of ice waterExperiment:Immerse your elbow in a beaker of ice water until you feel pain. Record where you feel this pain other than the elbow. ___________________________QuestionsWhat is the difference between an interoreceptor and an exteroreceptor? ________________________________________________________________________Explain what is meant by a transducer? ________________________________________________________________________How do sensory receptors act as transducers?________________________________________________________________________What is the relationship between the two-point discrimination test results and the person’s tactile localization?________________________________________________________________________Answer each of the questions below regarding general sensation.Which cutaneous receptors are the most numerous? ______________________Which two body areas tested were most sensitive to touch? ________________Where would referred pain appear if the following organs were receiving painful stimuli:Gallbladder _______________________Kidneys __________________________Appendix _________________________Where was referred pain felt when immersed in ice water? _________________Define adaptation to touch:________________________________________________________________________Why is it advantageous to have pain receptors?_______________________________________________________________________Imagine yourself without any cutaneous sense organs. Why would this be dangerous?________________________________________________________________________What is the probable explanation for referred pain?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download