Electricity Inquiry Activities
Chapter 20 - Electricity
Electric charge: causes ________ and _______ to ______ or ______ each other
• caused by an excess or shortage of ________
• SI unit is the ________ (C) = 6.24 x 1018 electrons
Electric forces: force of _________ or repulsion b/w _________ charged objects
• directly ___________ to net charge of objects
• _________ proportional to distance b/w objects (________)
Electric fields: effect an ________ charge has on other charges in space around it
• depends on amount of charge that produces the ________ and _________ from the charge
Static Electricity
• study of __________ of ________ charges
• charge transferred by ________, contact and _________
o law of ____________ of charge – total _________ is constant
o __________: transfer of ________ without contact between materials
Static discharge
• ___________ through which charges can move _______ suddenly
• ex: _______________________________
Electric current
• continuous flow of _______ charge
• SI unit is an ________ (A) or amp = 1C/sec
• _______: charge only flows in _____ direction (_____)
o ex: ________________________________
• ___________ (AC): flow that _________ its direction regularly
o ex: ___________________
Conductor
• material through which ________ can flow ________
• ex: _________ (copper and silver) with ________ electrons
Insulator
• material through charge _________ flow easily
• coating around _________ ( controls _______ and keeps it in place
• ex: ______________________________
Resistance
• _____________ to flow of ________ in a material
• SI unit is the ______
• affected by material’s __________, __________, and ___________
• _______________: has almost _______ resistance when cooled to ______ temperatures
Electric Circuits
• complete ________ through which charge can flow
• switches show __________ where circuit can be __________
o circuit not a complete _______ ( stops (______ circuit)
• ________ switch ( charge can ______ (_______ circuit)
Series circuits
• charge has only ____ path it can flow through
• if one ________ stops functioning none of the elements can ________
• Draw diagram:
Parallel circuits
• ____ or more paths that charges can flow
• if one _______ stops functioning the rest can still _________
• Draw diagram:
Voltage
• charges flow ______________ from high to low _________ energy
o potential energy of charge depends on its position in _______ field
• _________________: difference in _________ potential energy b/w 2 places in a field
o measured in ________ (J/C)
• 3 common sources
o __________: converts chemical energy to electrical energy
o _______ cells
o ____________
Ohm’s Law
• resistance _________ voltage
• V = I x R or I = V/R
• _______________________________________
• increasing ________ increases ____________
Power (watt – W)
• ________ power: rate at which ________ energy is converted to another form of __________
• _____________________________________
• electrical energy used by ______________
• E = P x t = ____________________
Electrical Safety
• ___________: prevents circuit ___________ in a circuit
• _________ breaker: switch that __________ when current is too ____
Electronic signals
• info sent as _________ in controlled flow of electrons through circuit
• ________ signals: smoothly varying signal produced by continuously changing the _________ or _________
• _________ signals: encodes info as a string of ______ and ______
Vacuum tubes
• can change ____________ current into ________ current
• can increase strength of a ___________
• can turn __________ on or off
Semicondutors
• conducts current only under certain _______________
Solid-State Components
• __________: combine n-type & p-type semiconductors
-can change ____________ ___________ (AC) to direct current (DC)
• __________: 3 layers of semiconductors
-can be used as a ____________ or ______________
• Integrated circuit (chips or microchips)
-made of layers built on a thin slice of ___________
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