Chemistry: Ch 5 Notes Electrons in Atoms
MT 2 notes:
ELECTRONS IN ATOMS
|PRINCIPLE ENERGY LEVELS |*Electrons may only occupy |
| |Specific Energy Levels |
| |*The energy levels correspond to the Row on the periodic table |
| |*Electrons may be in any level, but prefer the Lowest levels if there is room |
|Electrons per level | |
| |* the most e- in a level is 2n2 |
| |(n = level #) |
| |( 1st level can hold ___2___ |
| |2nd level can hold ___8___ |
| |3rd level can hold ___18___ |
| |4th level can hold ___32__ |
| |etc….. |
|Energy SUBLEVELS! |*main levels are made of several _levels__that are closely grouped—i.e. ”SUBLEVELS “ |
| | |
| |*The number of sublevels in each level is |
| |EQUAL TO THE LEVEL # |
| |*Thus: level 1 has __1 __ sublevel |
| |level 2 has __2__sublevels |
| |level 3 has __3__ sublevel |
| |level 4 has __4__ sublevel |
|Sublevel diagram 1 | |
| |4 |
| | |
| |3 |
| |2 |
| |1 |
|Overlaping |Sublevels from above can _OVERLAP those from below |
| |(caused by “shielding” and e-repulsions) |
|ORBITALS |ORBITAL: the space around the nucleus most likely to contain a pair of electrons_______ |
|(i.e. “hotel room”) | |
| |”s” sublevels have _1__orbital _2_e- |
| |”p” sublevels have __3_orbitals _6_e- |
| |”d” sublevels have _5__orbitals _10_e- |
| |”f” sublevels have _7__orbitals _14_e- |
|Order of Filling Orbitals |1. Fill lowest levels __first_ |
| |2. __2 e-__ per orbital max. |
| |3. spread out e- in a sublevel _before__ doubling up. |
| |*Are the _highest_ __level__ |
|VALENCE ELECTRONS |“s” and “p” electrons. |
| |*Are used for __bonding__ |
| |*responsible for __properties_ of the element |
| |*Show __valence___ electrons |
|Lewis Dot Structures |*spread out one per side, |
|(dot diagrams) |then double up if needed (2 per side max) |
| |* Half-filled sides (orbitals) are used for bonding |
| | |
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