Chemistry: Ch 5 Notes Electrons in Atoms



MT 2 notes:

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

|PRINCIPLE ENERGY LEVELS |*Electrons may only occupy |

| |Specific Energy Levels |

| |*The energy levels correspond to the Row on the periodic table |

| |*Electrons may be in any level, but prefer the Lowest levels if there is room |

|Electrons per level | |

| |* the most e- in a level is 2n2 |

| |(n = level #) |

| |( 1st level can hold ___2___ |

| |2nd level can hold ___8___ |

| |3rd level can hold ___18___ |

| |4th level can hold ___32__ |

| |etc….. |

|Energy SUBLEVELS! |*main levels are made of several _levels__that are closely grouped—i.e. ”SUBLEVELS “ |

| | |

| |*The number of sublevels in each level is |

| |EQUAL TO THE LEVEL # |

| |*Thus: level 1 has __1 __ sublevel |

| |level 2 has __2__sublevels |

| |level 3 has __3__ sublevel |

| |level 4 has __4__ sublevel |

|Sublevel diagram 1 | |

| |4 |

| | |

| |3 |

| |2 |

| |1 |

|Overlaping |Sublevels from above can _OVERLAP those from below |

| |(caused by “shielding” and e-repulsions) |

|ORBITALS |ORBITAL: the space around the nucleus most likely to contain a pair of electrons_______ |

|(i.e. “hotel room”) | |

| |”s” sublevels have _1__orbital _2_e- |

| |”p” sublevels have __3_orbitals _6_e- |

| |”d” sublevels have _5__orbitals _10_e- |

| |”f” sublevels have _7__orbitals _14_e- |

|Order of Filling Orbitals |1. Fill lowest levels __first_ |

| |2. __2 e-__ per orbital max. |

| |3. spread out e- in a sublevel _before__ doubling up. |

| |*Are the _highest_ __level__ |

|VALENCE ELECTRONS |“s” and “p” electrons. |

| |*Are used for __bonding__ |

| |*responsible for __properties_ of the element |

| |*Show __valence___ electrons |

|Lewis Dot Structures |*spread out one per side, |

|(dot diagrams) |then double up if needed (2 per side max) |

| |* Half-filled sides (orbitals) are used for bonding |

| | |

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