ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT WORKSHEET



ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM WORKSHEET NAME:

DATE:

1. Define the terms below:

a. orbital: different shaped clouds where electrons are found 90% of the time. An orbital has a capacity of 2 electrons

b. valence electron an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

c. ground state the normal (lowest) possible energy of an electron

d. excited state the energy level an electron jumps to

2. | ↔ | wavelength

[pic]

a. On the wave above label the wavelength and amplitude.

b. If the energy of the wave doubles, what happens to the frequency?

c. If the energy of the wave doubles, what happens to the wavelength?

d. Energy is found in tiny bundles called __________________________

e. When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps (towards, away from) the nucleus.

f. An electron releases energy when it jumps (towards, away from) the nucleus.

g. What effect would tripling the wavelength have on the frequency of the wave?

h. What effect would tripling the energy have on the frequency of the wave?

i. Sketch a graph showing the relationship between energy and frequency of a wave.

3. Arrange the types of electromagnetic radiation listed below in order of increasing energy, wavelength and frequency:

copper flame, sodium flame, radio waves, gamma rays

Energy: _radio waves_ < sodium flame_ < _copper flame_ < _ gamma __

Wavelength: _gamma___ < _copper flame_ < _sodium flame_ < _radio waves_

Frequency: _radio waves_ < sodium flame_ < _copper flame_ < _ gamma __

4. a. How many electrons can fit in the fourth energy level? __2n2 = 32_______

b. How many sublevels are in the fourth energy level? ____4___________

c. How many electrons can fit in the 5th energy level? ___2n2 = 50______

5. State the laws below in your own words:

a. Hund’s Rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly-occupied with one electron before any orbital is doubly-occupied, and all single electrons have the same spin

b. Aufbau Principle: electrons must fill sublevels with the lowest energy first

c. Pauli Exclusion Principle: orbitals may contain a maximum of two electrons, and these must have opposite spin

6. (Review): Define the terms below in your own words. Include everything you know about the term:

atomic number: = number of protons = number of electrons when an atom is neutral

atomic mass number: = # of protons + # of neutrons

isotope: atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers due to a different number of neutrons

ion: a charged particle formed by the loss or gain of electrons

proton: +1 charged subatomic particle located in nucleus, amu = 1

neutron: neutral subatomic particle located in nucleus, amu = 1

electron: -1 charged subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus, amu = 0

alpha particle: helium nucleus, symbol 42He, emitted as radioactive particle

beta particle: electron, symbol 0-1e, emitted as radioactive particle

7. Write the isotopic notation for a particle that has 38 protons, 52 neutrons and 36 electrons.

8. Complete the chart below:

|Element |Protons |Neutrons |Electron Configuration |Orbital Filling Diagram |Electron Dot |

| | | |(complete or abbreviated) |(complete or abbreviated) |Diagram |

| |14 |14 |[Ne] 3s23p2 |(( (( (( (( (( (( (_ (_ __ |4 dots |

|14Si | | | |1s 2s 2p 3s 3p | |

| |38 |50 |[Kr] 5s2 |[Kr] (( |2 dots |

|38Sr | | | |5s | |

| |25 |30 |[Ar] 4s23d5 |[Ar] (( (_ (_ (_ (_ (_ |2 dots |

|25Mn | | | |4s 3d | |

| |35 |45 |[Ar] 4s23d104p5 |[Ar] (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (_ |7 dots |

|35Br | | | |4s 3d 4p | |

| |48 |64 |[Kr] 5s24d10 |[Kr] (( (( (( (( (( (( |2 dots |

|48Cd | | | |5s 4d | |

| |54 |77 |[Kr] 5s24d105p6 |[Kr] (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( |8 dots |

|54Xe | | | |5s 4d 5p | |

9. Write the abbreviated electron configuration only for each element below. Then draw its electron dot diagram.

|ELEMENT |ABBREVIATED ELECTRON CONFIGURATION |DOT DIAGRAM |ELEMENT |ABBREVIATED ELECTRON CONFIGURATION |DOT DIAGRAM |

| |[Ar] 4s23d1 |2 dots | |Kr] 5s24d2 |2 dots |

|21Sc | | |40Zr | | |

| |[Kr] 5s24d6 |2 dots | |[Xe] 6s1 |1 dot |

|44Ru | | |55Cs | | |

| |[Xe] 6s24f145d6 |2 dots | |[Ar] 4s23d104p3 |5 dots |

|76Os | | |33As | | |

-----------------------

towards

one-third

9038Sr2+

triples

away from

quanta

halves

doubles

↕ amplitude

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