Group and Periods of the Periodic Table of Elements



Name________________________Periodic Table Notes

The modern periodic table was created by the Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev.

Elements on the periodic table are arranged from left to right in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons). The most reactive elements are at the top left and bottom right of the table.

Vertical columns are called groups… numbered 1-18.

-Elements within a group have similar properties and contain the same number of valence electrons in their outer energy shell (level)… valence electrons determine the element’s chemical properties.

Horizontal rows of elements are called periods... numbered 1-7.

-Elements of the same period pass from a strong metallic nature on the left to a strong nonmetallic nature to the right. The period number tells how many energy levels the element has.The element farthest to the right in a period is a noble gas with a full outer energy level…

Below are the major groups of the periodic table and some examples of each.

Metals-

• Found to the left of the zig-zag on the periodic table.

• 75% of all elements.

• With the exception of Mercury, all metals are solids at room temperature.

• Reactive elements… able to make alloys (combining 2 or more different metals)

• Most are good conductors of electricity and heat.

• Shiny luster -- ability of a substance to reflect light.

• Some are ductile -- can be drawn into wire.

• Some are malleable -- able to be hammered into sheets without breaking.

Examples of metals on the periodic table:

Group 1-- Alkali Metals

Group 2-- Alkaline Earth Metals

Groups 3-12-- Transition Metals

Nonmetals-

• Found to the right of the zig-zag on the periodic table.

• May be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.

• Reactive elements… gain electrons easily.

• Poor conductors of electricity and heat.

• Dull luster – does not reflect much light.

• Brittle as solids.

Examples of metals on the periodic table:

Group 17—Halogens

Group 18-- Noble Gases

Metalloids-

• No set characteristics… share properties with both metals and nonmetals. (ex. May have shiny luster but be poor conductors or brittle).

• Found along the zig-zag on the periodic table.

• Include: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium and astatine

Periodic Table Notes

The modern periodic table was created by the Russian chemist, ______________________.

Elements on the periodic table are arranged from _______________ to _______________ in order of ____________________ atomic number (number of protons).

The most reactive elements are at the __________ left and ______________ right of the table.

Vertical columns are called _______________… numbered 1-18.

-Elements within a group have ____________________ ____________________ and contain the same number of ___________________ ____________________ in their outer energy shell (level)… valence electrons determine the element’s ____________________ ____________________.

Horizontal rows of elements are called ____________________... numbered 1-7.

-Elements of the same period pass from a strong _______________ nature on the left to a strong ____________________ nature to the right. The period number tells how many _______________ _______________ the element has. The element farthest to the right in a period is a _______________ __________ with a full outer energy level.

Below are the major groups of the periodic table and some examples of each.

Metals-

• Found to the _______________ of the zig-zag on the periodic table.

• _____% of all elements.

• With the exception of Mercury, all metals are _______________ at room temperature.

• Reactive elements… able to make ____________ (combining 2 or more different metals)

• Most are _______________ conductors of electricity and heat.

• _______________ _______________ -- able of a substance to reflect light.

• Some are _______________ -- can be drawn into wire.

• Some are ____________________ -- able to be hammered into sheets without breaking.

Examples of metals on the periodic table:

Group 1-- Alkali Metals

Group 2-- Alkaline Earth Metals

Groups 3-12-- Transition Metals

Nonmetals-

• Found to the __________ of the zig-zag on the periodic table.

• May be _______________, _______________, or __________ at room temperature.

• ____________________ elements… gain electrons easily.

• ____________ conductors of electricity and heat.

• _______________ _______________-- does not reflect much light.

• _______________ as solids.

Examples of metals on the periodic table:

Halogens – Group 17

Noble Gases – Group 18

Metalloids-

• No set characteristics… share characteristics with both _______________ and ____________________. (ex. May have shiny luster but be poor conductors or brittle).

• Found on either side of the __________ - __________ on the periodic table.

Include: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium and astatine

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