Eighth Edition Elementary Statistics - Dr. Delisa Dismukes

[Pages:23]Eighth Edition Elementary Statistics

A Step by Step Approach

Bluman Mc Graw Hill

A step by step Eleventh Edition

Series

Bluman, Chapter 1, 07/2011

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Chapter 1

The Nature of Probability and Statistics

Introduction

Statistics is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.

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1-1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

A variable is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values.

Variables whose values are determined by chance are called random variables.

The values that a variable can assume are called data.

A population consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are studied.

A sample is a subset of the population.

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E.g. A data set in table form (columns and rows):

id

gender

age

1

male

20

2

male

25

3

female

30

4

male

23

5

female

30

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Population and Sample

Population

Use parameters to summarize features

Sample

Use statistics to summarize features

Inference on the population from the sample

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Census versus Sample

Census

Collection of data from every member of a population

Sample

Subcollection of members selected from a population

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1-1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Descriptive statistics consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data.

Inferential statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions.

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