Atoms and Their Composition
Atoms and Their Composition
Elements are the basic substances that make up all ______________.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the ___________ and ______________ of the element.
Atoms are made up of even smaller particles. These _________ particles are _______, __________ and ___________.
Protons and neutrons make-up the _________ or core of an atom and contribute to the ______ of an atom, while electrons are _________ and occupy the ____ that surround the nucleus of the atom (________). Electrons are so ______ and _______ that they essentially contribute no overall weight to the atom.
|Subatomic Particle |Charge |Symbol |Mass (g) |Radius (m) |
|Electron | | | | |
|Proton | | | | |
|Neutron | | | | |
Since subatomic particles are so light, chemists use a unit called an _______________ for their measurement. Both protons and neutrons have a mass of _____.
Every Element has a unique:
• Name
• Symbol
• Atomic number (Z)
• Atomic Mass (A)
We can use this information to calculate the number of neutrons by means of the following equation:
Number of neutrons =
Examples:
You will notice that an element reports an __________ (a decimal number) instead of a mass number on the Periodic Table. The atomic weight represents a “______________” of all the __________ for a particular atom.
Isotopes are atoms of an element that have the same number of ___________ in their nucleus, but a different number of ___________.
Isotopes have very similar _________ properties, but they differ in __________ properties.
Example:
“Light” Lithium “Heavy” Lithium
The ___________ of an atom can be determined by ________ the ___________ on the Periodic Table.
Examples:
-----------------------
Mass
Number A
X atomic symbol
Atomic
Number Z
7
N
14.01
18
Ar
39.95
17
Cl
35.45
................
................
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