Central Bucks School District
P3 | APUSH | Wiley | Washington & Adams: Note Guide, D___ Name:right133350The Washington Administration (1789-1797) Background on WashingtonWashington’s “Experiment” America was an infant nation; a “wilderness” with no mapU.S. __________________________ as the only republic was keenly felt by WashingtonContributed to the “____________________________”2-term president, Cabinet, executive departments“Best Cabinet”Jefferson: Sec. of StateKnox: Sec. of WarHamilton: Sec. of Treasuryright6032500Hamilton’s Fiscal PlanGoals:Get the nation’s economy on firm footing______________ the nation togetherTie the interests of the wealthy to the interests of the countryEstablish __________________________________ line for the U.S.3 key tenets:Protectionist economic policyAssumption of state debtsNational bankSigned into law by Congress and Washington, much to the ________________ of JeffersonHamilton’s Fiscal Plan—Protectionist Economic PolicyGoal = raise revenue for gov. and/or help develop U.S. businessesCalled for a _______________________, which is a tax placed on any imports coming into the countryRaised revenue for gov. if demand for imports stayed high (could use to pay off debts + ensure good credit)If protectionist tariff decreased demand for imports, would help develop U.S business to catch up to BritainHamilton’s Fiscal Plan—Assumption of State DebtsGoal = make America fiscally responsible seen as legitimate to ______________________ within and outside the countryCalled for assumption of all state debts leftover from the Revolutionary years Problem: some states, especially those in the South, had already paid there’s off; this plan was unfair from their perspective__________________________: Southern states would agree to assumption of state debts and capital would be moved to the South Hamilton’s Fiscal Plan—National BankGoal = make the economy stable and appealing to investors within and outside the countrySparked debate between strict (________________________) and loose constructionists (__________________________), which would eventually lead to the first parties (Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans)center000Jefferson on the unconstitutionality of the bankHamilton on the constitutionality of the bankIf it’s not enumerated OR completely necessary to carry out the enumerated powers can’t do it Bank NOT necessary to carry out ________________________________________Liberal use of the general welfare clause = dangerous Reliance on ________ Amendment Convenience is different from necessity Government can do what it wants so long as 1) the Constitution doesn’t explicitly _________________ it; 2) it promotes the general welfare; 3) it’s naturally related to an expressed powerImplied powers = just as ______________________ as expressed As long as there’s a natural relationship between the implied and expressed, it’s constitutionalBank = related to collecting taxes, regulating trade, etc., thus, it’s constitutional _______________________ use of the elastic clause to promote the general welfare353250560325002552707556500Results of Hamilton’s Fiscal PlanResults restored financial health of the U.S., increased foreign investment, established a stable currency, brought revenue to government, helped develop industries…but at what cost?Jefferson felt it established a dangerous ___________________________The French Revolution, 1789-1804ishSome _______________________ with the revolutionary cause early onSome Americans and many in France felt that the U.S. had an ____________________________ to help France in return for their help during the RevolutionFranco-American _________________________ (1778) committed the U.S. to help France if under attack (which it was in ’92), but France had declared war, plus, the U.S. signed the treaty with the monarchy, which was abolished in the ‘92 constitution Some felt like it was more important/ practical to stay out of the conflict and preserve a good relationship with Britain, America’s best trading partnerOnce the Revolution devolved into a bloodbath, Washington issued the __________________________________But Washington didn’t always choose neutrality: he ___________________________________________ in the midst of their black rebellion (an effort to create a republic, like the U.S.), which began in 1793Washington and the West___________________________ gave huge swaths of Indian land to the U.S., who was divided on what to do with natives: “Cut up every Indian Cornfield and burn every Indian town” (Rep. Drayton of SC); others favored assimilation Under Wash., the U.S. government signed a number of treaties to gain land, _________________________________________; force was used on a few occasionsBackcountry was expanding with a flood of settlers from the North and South, creating a more ______________________________ in the region Problems with BritainBritain refused to evacuate western lands until the U.S. repaid debts owed to the British Empire and allowed loyalists to recover property confiscated during the warThe U.S. continued trading with both France and Britain during the French Revolution Britain began _______________________ American ships______________________ planters wanted reimbursement from the British for slaves that had fled during the Revolution ______________________ were upset by continued presence of British, who continued to arm natives with weapons Jay’s Treaty, 1795Washington sent John Jay to Britain to resolve these issues Jay’s Treaty ___________________________________:Br. would pull out of the West by 1796 but wouldn’t compensate U.S. shippers for lost cargo nor U.S. planters for lost slavesU.S. planters would be forced to repay colonial debts Ensured ___________________________ relationship between the two nations Jefferson and followers saw the treaty as evidence of pro-British sympathiesThe Whiskey Rebellion, 1794Farmers in western PA refused to pay an excise (sin) tax on whiskey, took up arms, and threatened to secede! Tens of thousands of militiamen, accompanied by Washington and Hamilton, put down the rebellionReflected tension between federal and regional interests, ___________________________________, and the executive’s ability to ____________________ the lawRise of Political Parties, 1790sFramers of the Constitution _________________________________ for political partiesThey envisioned a republic of virtue, patriotism, and harmonyMadison had written in Federalist No. 10 that factions would be controlled in a large republicYet, by 1795 the nation was entrenched in a two-party system; the “first party system,” replete with _________________________________________FederalistsDemocratic-RepublicansConcentrate power in federal governmentFear of _____________________Envisioned a republic run by a wise eliteLoose interpretation of the Constitution “Anglophiles”Supporters: those from the Atlantic seaboard, merchants, manufacturers, landowners, investors, lawyers; _____________________Formerly called the nationalists, or federalist _______________________ (back when the Constitution was being debated)Favored _____________________Limit federal government Create a democratic society of independent farmers _____________________ interpretation of Constitution Democratic system based on broader popular participation “Francophiles”Supporters: those from the frontier, farmers, tradespeopleSome former Federalists from the 1787-’89 disputes (like Jefferson) but lots of former Antifederalists as wellNote: Also called simply Republicans, or JeffersoniansWashington on Political Parties, 1790sWashington was concerned about this development, though he consistently sided with the Federalists throughout his two terms, expressing that parties were a danger to _______________________“It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another; foments [incites] occasionally riot and insurrection.” – _______________________, 1797right1759000Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796 Key tenets: National unity/identityObedience to the lawDangers of partiesIsolation Washington Steps DownRelinquished power, due to:Age ________________________ at political partiesFelt it was important to ensure a ____________________________________________King George III on Washington’s retirement: “It place[s] him in a light the most distinguished of any man living. . . . [He has] the greatest character of the age.”498602016637000The Adams Administration (1797-1801 | A One-Term President)Background on AdamsElection of 1796Winner: Federalist candidate, John Adams; support from ________________2nd place, and thus, VP: Democratic-Republican candidate, Thomas Jefferson; support from ________________Electoral map suggests a rise in _______________________________How would a Fed. and Dem.-Rep. effectively run the country? Founders hadn’t foreseen this problem; rise of parties was unexpectedAdams’ administration would be a ________________________________________________ Admin, particular economic policy and political incivilityFrench Crisis ______________________________________ with America: U.S. declared neutrality in Fr-Br conflict, despite their help in the Rev. WarU.S. gave Britain privileged trading status in Jay’s TreatyStrongly antislavery and no friend of France, Adams aided the black Haitian rebels during their Revolution against the FrenchFrance started _______________________________________________, which led to the XYZ Affair and Quasi-Warright1270000XYZ AffairAdams sent a commission to Paris to resolve the aforementioned issues3 low-level officials (“X, Y, Z”) met the Americans and _______________________________________________ before negotiations could get underway Regarded as an insult and provoked a wave of anti-French feeling at homeKnown as the “XYZ Affair”Provoked anti-French sentiment; ________________________________ (excluding Adams) started calling for warQuasi-WarCongress created a __________________ department and authorized American ships to seize French shipsFor two years, an undeclared naval war raged (known as the “Quasi-War”)Adams lost __________________ support because he wouldn’t wage full-scale warThrough diplomacy, the countries eventually smoothed over their differencesAlien and Sedition Acts, 1798To protect(?) the nation in light of impending war and to counter the growing threat of Republican dissent, Federalists pushed through Congress a series of acts Raised residence requirement for citizenshipAllowed president to deport or jail anyone considered suspectSet fines/jail terms for anyone expressing opinions considered damaging Republicans deemed the acts a violation of the _____________________ VA and KY Resolutions, 1798-‘99Jefferson and Madison organized opposition to the acts by appealing to the statesVA and KY resolutions asserted the principle of nullification—that states had the right to nullify, or consider void, an act of _______________________ that they deemed _____________________Washington was horrified by the resolutions Resolutions were rejected (or ignored) by all other statesElection of 1800Adams vs. Jefferson (_____________); things got really nasty:Jefferson describing Adams: “A tool of the rich who wanted to turn the executive branch into a monarchy.”Adams describing Jefferson: “A dangerous supporter of revolutionary France and an atheist bent on destroying religion.”Jefferson and running mate (Burr), received the same Electoral College votes, sending vote to the_____________________, who decided on JeffersonDemocratic-Republicans had tried to organize the electoral votes so that Burr would get just one less than Jefferson, ensuring they would be the President and Vice President, but the plan went awry and both men ended with the same amount of votesCongress and the _____________________ quickly passed the 12th Amendment, creating separate ballots for President and VPThis election was referred to by Jefferson as the “_____________________ of 1800” Jefferson argued that he was going to set the United States back on its “rightful” course, away from the changes the Federalists had implemented and go back to the “revolutionary _____________________” 364807524447500The election was—to some extent—revolutionary, in that the government changed hands from one political party to another without bloodshedThe election proved that __________________________________________ from one party (the Feds) to another (the DRs); however ungracefully the Feds may have let go of the office, they didMarked a turning point in U.S. politics; proved parties would not rip apart a democratic system; instead, they served as a vehicle for energetic discussion and change, without war ................
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