LATEX Mathematical Symbols - Rice University

[Pages:4]LATEX Mathematical Symbols

The more unusual symbols are not defined in base LATEX (NFSS) and require \usepackage{amssymb}

1 Greek and Hebrew letters

\alpha \beta \chi \delta

\epsilon \eta \gamma \iota

\kappa \lambda ? \mu \nu oo \omega \phi \pi

\psi \rho \sigma \tau \theta \upsilon \xi \zeta

\digamma \varepsilon \varkappa \varphi

\varpi \varrho \varsigma \vartheta

\Delta \Gamma \Lambda \Omega \Phi \Pi \Psi \Sigma

\Theta \Upsilon \Xi

\aleph \beth \daleth

\gimel

2 LATEX math constructs

abc xyz

f abc n abc

\frac{abc}{xyz} f'

\sqrt{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc}

abc \overline{abc} abc \underline{abc}

abc \widehat{abc} abc \widetilde{abc}

- abc \overrightarrow{abc} - abc \overleftarrow{abc}

abc \overbrace{abc} abc \underbrace{abc}

3 Delimiters

|| | \vert

\| \Vert

{ \{ } \}

\langle \rangle

\lfloor / / \rfloor \ \backslash \lceil [ [ \rceil ] ]

\Uparrow \uparrow \Downarrow \downarrow

\llcorner \lrcorner \ulcorner \urcorner

Use the pair \lefts1 and \rights2 to match height of delimiters s1 and s2 to the height of their contents, e.g.,

\left| expr \right|

\left\{ expr \right\}

\left\Vert expr \right.

4 Variable-sized symbols (displayed formulae show larger version)

\sum \prod \coprod

\int \oint \iint

\biguplus \bigcap \bigcup

\bigoplus \bigotimes \bigodot

\bigvee \bigwedge \bigsqcup

5 Standard Function Names

Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g.,

arccos cos csc exp ker lim sup min sinh

\arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh

arcsin cosh deg gcd lg ln Pr sup

\arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup

Correct: \tan(at-n\pi) - tan(at - n) Incorrect: tan(at-n\pi) - tan(at - n)

arctan cot det hom lim log sec tan

\arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan

arg coth dim inf lim inf max sin tanh

\arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh

6 Binary Operation/Relation Symbols

\ast \star

? \cdot \circ ? \bullet

\bigcirc \diamond ? \times ? \div \centerdot \circledast \circledcirc \circleddash \dotplus \divideontimes

? \pm \mp

\amalg \odot \ominus \oplus \oslash \otimes \wr \Box \boxplus \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \square

\cap \cup

\uplus \sqcap \sqcup \wedge \vee \dagger \ddagger \barwedge \curlywedge \Cap \bot \intercal \doublebarwedge

\lhd \rhd \triangleleft \triangleright \unlhd \unrhd \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup \ \setminus \veebar \curlyvee \Cup \top \rightthreetimes \leftthreetimes

\equiv = \cong

= \neq

\sim

\simeq

\approx

=.

\asymp \doteq

\propto

|= \models

\leq \prec

\preceq \ll \subset \subseteq \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \dashv \in

\geq \succ \succeq \gg

\supset \supseteq

\sqsupset \sqsupseteq \vdash \ni

\perp | \mid

\parallel \bowtie \Join \ltimes \rtimes \smile \frown / \notin

\approxeq \thicksim

\backsim

\backsimeq

\triangleq \circeq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \thickapprox \fallingdotseq \risingdotseq \varpropto \therefore \because \eqcirc = \neq

\leqq \leqslant

\geqq \geqslant

\lessgtr \lesseqgtr

\lessapprox

\gtrapprox

\lesseqqgtr

\lll

\ggg

\gtreqqless

\lessdot \lesssim \eqslantless \precsim \precapprox \Subset \subseteqq \sqsubset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \blacktriangleleft \trianglelefteq \vartriangleleft

\gtrdot

\gtreqless

\gtrsim

\gtrless

\eqslantgtr

\backepsilon

\succsim

\between

\succapprox

\pitchfork

\Supset

\shortmid

\supseteqq

\smallfrown

\sqsupset

\smallsmile

\succcurlyeq

\Vdash

\curlyeqsucc

\vDash

\blacktriangleright

\Vvdash

\trianglerighteq

\shortparallel

\vartriangleright

\nshortparallel

\ncong

\nleq

\nmid

\nleqq

\nparallel

\nleqslant

\nshortmid

\nless

\nshortparallel \nprec

\nsim

\npreceq

\nVDash

\precnapprox

\nvDash

\precnsim

\nvdash

\lnapprox

\ntriangleleft

\lneq

\ntrianglelefteq

\lneqq

\ntriangleright

\lnsim

\ntrianglerighteq

\lvertneqq

\ngeq \ngeqq \ngeqslant \ngtr \nsucc \nsucceq \succnapprox \succnsim \gnapprox \gneq \gneqq \gnsim \gvertneqq

\nsubseteq \nsupseteq \nsubseteqq \nsupseteqq \subsetneq \supsetneq \subsetneqq \supsetneqq \varsubsetneq \varsupsetneq \varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneqq

7 Arrow symbols

\leftarrow \Leftarrow \rightarrow \Rightarrow \leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow

\mapsto \hookleftarrow

\leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \rightleftharpoons

\dashrightarrow \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \curvearrowleft \upuparrows \multimap \rightleftarrows \twoheadrightarrow \rightleftharpoons \Rsh \downharpoonright

\nleftarrow \nRightarrow

- \longleftarrow = \Longleftarrow - \longrightarrow = \Longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow

- \longmapsto \hookrightarrow

\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leadsto

\dashleftarrow \Lleftarrow \looparrowleft \circlearrowleft \upharpoonleft \leftrightsquigarrow \rightrightarrows \rightarrowtail \curvearrowright \downdownarrows \rightsquigarrow

\nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow

8 Miscellaneous symbols

\infty \nabla \partial ? \eth \clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit ? ? ? \cdots ... \vdots . . . \ldots . . . \ddots

\Im \Re

\forall \exists

\nexists \emptyset \varnothing i \imath \jmath

\ell \iiiint

\iiint \iint

\sharp \flat \natural

k \Bbbk \bigstar \diagdown \diagup

\Diamond \Finv \Game \hbar \hslash

\lozenge \mho

\prime \square

\surd

9 Math mode accents

a? \acute{a} a \breve{a} a? \ddot{a} a` \grave{a} a~ \tilde{a}

a? \bar{a} a \check{a} a \dot{a} a^ \hat{a} a \vec{a}

A?? \Acute{\Acute{A}} A \Breve{\Breve{A}} A?? \Ddot{\Ddot{A}} A`` \Grave{\Grave{A}}

A~~ \Tilde{\Tilde{A}}

\uparrow \Uparrow \downarrow \Downarrow

\updownarrow \Updownarrow

\nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow

\leftleftarrows \twoheadleftarrow \leftrightharpoons \Lsh \downharpoonleft

\rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \looparrowright \circlearrowright \upharpoonright

\nLeftarrow \nLeftrightarrow

\wp \angle

\measuredangle \sphericalangle \complement \triangledown \triangle \vartriangle \blacklozenge

\blacksquare \blacktriangle

\blacktrinagledown \backprime \circledS

A? \Bar{\Bar{A}} A \Check{\Check{A}} A \Dot{\Dot{A}} A^^ \Hat{\Hat{A}} A \Vec{\Vec{A}}

10 Array environment, examples

Simplest version:

\begin{array}{cols} row1 \\ row2 \\ . . . rowm \end{array}

where cols includes one character [lrc] for each column (with optional characters | inserted for vertical lines)

and rowj includes character & a total of (n - 1) times to separate the n elements in the row. Examples:

\left( \begin{array}{cc} 2\tau & 7\phi-frac5{12} \\ 3\psi & \frac{\pi}8 \end{array} \right)

\left( \begin{array}{c} x \\ y \end{array} \right) \mbox{~and~} \left[ \begin{array}{cc|r}

3 & 4 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 729 \end{array} \right]

2 3

7

-

5 12

8

x y

and

34 5 1 3 729

f(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} \overline{\overline{z^2}+\cos z} & \mbox{for} & |z|5 \end{array}\right.

z2 + cos z for |z| < 3

f (z) =

0 for 3 |z| 5

sin z for |z| > 5

11 Other Styles (math mode only)

Caligraphic letters: $\mathcal{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Mathbb letters: $\mathbb{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Mathfrak letters: $\mathfrak{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math Sans serif letters: $\mathsf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math bold letters: $\mathbf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math bold italic letters: define \def\mathbi#1{\textbf{\em #1}} then use $\mathbi{A}$ etc.:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abc 123

12 Font sizes

Math Mode:

f -1(x - xa) dx

f -1(x - xa) dx

f -1(x-xa) dx

f -1(x-xa ) dx

Text Mode:

\tiny = smallest \scriptsize = very small \footnotesize = smaller \small = small

${\displaystyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$

${\textstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$ ${\scriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$ ${\scriptscriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$

\normalsize = normal

\large = large

\Large = Large

\LARGE = LARGE

\huge = huge

Huge \Huge =

13 Text Mode: Accents and Symbols

?o \'{o} ?o \"{o} ^o \^{o}

o \.{o} o \u{o} o \H{o}

o ??

\b{o} \o

?A s

\AA \t s

?a \aa s \v s

? \ae ? \AE \dag

`o \`{o} oo \t{oo} ? \ss ? \O \ddag

~o \~{o} o? \c{o} i \i ? \P c \copyright

?o \={o} o. \d{o}

s. \d s ?s \r s

\j

s \H s

? \S

? \pounds

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download