Cold War: 1945-1962



Cold War: 1945-1962

Answers #1-#38

|What organization did the Allies found in 1945 near the end of World War II? |United Nations |

|Identify the United Nations. | |

| |U.N. = an international organization to promote world peace and progress |

|What organization did the United Nations replace? |League of Nations |

|What happened to Japan when it was under American direction? | |

|What was the condition of Europe at the end of World War II? |Japan’s government became democratic, Japan became a strong ally (friend) of the |

|What country’s military forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the |United States |

|eastern portion of Germany at the end of World War II? |Europe lay in ruins. |

|What nations’ forces occupied West Germany at the end of World War II? | |

|What did the Allies do to Germany after World War II? |Soviet Union |

|What did West Germany do a few years after World War II? | |

|What happened to East Germany after World War II? | |

|What war began soon after World War II ended? |United States, Britain. and France |

|Identify the Cold War. | |

| |divided Germany into East and West Germany |

| | |

|What type of war was the Cold War and how long did it last? |West Germany became democratic. |

|What set the framework for global politics for the first forty-five years after | |

|World War II? |East Germany became communist and stayed under the control of the Soviet Union. |

|In what three ways did the Cold War influence the United States after 1945? |the Cold War |

| |Cold War = an uneasy peace after World War II, marked by a fierce rivalry between |

| |the U.S. and the Soviet Union |

| |a war of words between the United States and the Soviet Union; until 1991, about |

|Describe the fundamental values of the American-led western nations during the Cold |45 years |

|War. |the Cold War |

|Describe the fundamental values of the Soviet Union and its allies during the Cold | |

|War. |1) American domestic politics (issues inside the U.S.) |

| |2) conduct of foreign affairs |

|Define socialism. |3) role of American government in the economy after 1945 |

| |16. Values of western nations, including the U.S.: believed in democracy, |

| |individual freedom, free market economic system based on private property and |

| |profit |

| |17. Values of Soviet Union: totalitarian government (dictatorship) ruled by |

|What anti-communist policy did the United States adopt after World War II? |communists and a communist or socialist economic system |

|Identify containment. |18. Socialism = an economic system in which the government owns and controls the |

| |means of production; for example, under socialism, the government owns power |

| |plants, transportation and communication companies, mines, and steel mills |

| |19. containment |

|What did the United States try to accomplish through the containment policy? | |

| |20. containment = the post-World War II American foreign policy that tried to |

|In what two countries did the prospect of a communist takeover cause President Harry|check the expansion of the Soviet Union and communism through diplomatic, |

|Truman to announce the Truman Doctrine in 1947? |economic, and military means |

|Identify the Truman Doctrine. |21. contain or restrict communism to those countries where it already existed; |

| |keep communism from spreading to other countries |

| |22. Greece and Turkey |

| | |

|What precedent did the Truman Doctrine set? | |

| | |

| |23. Truman Doctrine = President Harry S. Truman’s promise that the U.S. would |

|Identify the Marshall Plan. |defend free peoples from subversion (overthrow of the government) or outside |

| |pressure |

| |24. set precedent that the containment of communism would be the basic principle |

|What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan? |of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War |

| |25. Marshall Plan = a massive American financial aid program (1947) to help |

|For what does NATO stand? |European nations recover economically from World War II |

|What was the purpose of NATO? |26. 1) rebuild European economies |

| |2) prevent the spread of communism |

| |27. NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization |

|Identify NATO. |28. Purpose of NATO: a defensive military alliance between the U.S. and Western |

| |European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe |

| |29. NATO = an alliance of the U.S., Western European democracies, and Canada to |

| |provide mutual aid in the event of armed attack; an attack on one member of NATO |

|Identify the Warsaw Pact. |would be considered an attack on all |

| |30. a defensive military alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European |

| |communist countries to oppose NATO |

|When and where did communism spread to Asia? |31. 1949 China |

|Who was Mao Zedong? | |

|Who was Chiang Kai-shek? |32. Mao = the leader of the communist Chinese |

| |33. Chiang Kai-shek = leader of the anti-communist Chinese |

|Where did Mao force Chiang to flee? |34. the island of Formosa off the coast of China |

|What government did Chiang set up after he fled to Formosa? |35. Taiwan |

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