Project Title - Engineers Garage



THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF SCIENCEDepartment of Electronics and Applications(AFFILIATED TO BANGALORE UNIVERSITY) 19TH MAIN, 17th B CROSS, Sector-IV, HSR layout, Bangalore-560102 PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON Voltage Level Display of 12V Battery Submitted byName of the Students Karthik.T.MRakesh.A Adarsh.C (12RNS82036,12RNS82046,12RNS82102) Under the guidance of Sixth Bsc project synopsis submitted on <>Introduction:Generally a 12V battery is expected to produce a 12V dc voltage all the time until it gets discharged. Practically, it is not possible and the output voltage of the battery decreases gradually as load connected to it draws current from it. So it is generally considered that if the output voltage of a 12V battery changes from 12V to 9V approximately, it is constant and after the voltage falls below 9V, it is considered to be discharged and need to be charged again. Any inverter designed to use with a 12V battery should be comfortable to produce a constant AC output voltage during the fall of battery voltage from 12V to 9v approximately. My point to say all these is that to monitor a 12V battery, it is sufficient to monitor the battery voltage from 12V to 9V range and a voltage below 9V should give a warning for LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE. Here for the development of the circuit, the 12V to 9V range is divided into 6 parts as 9V, 9.5V, 10V...11.5V. So 6 op amps are used to compare and display the appropriate level of voltage. The circuit is simple. Comparison is done between the two terminals of each op amp and accordingly output is shown. The series of resistors connected at the inverting terminals of each op amp makes a voltage divider and exact comparing voltage is supplied to each op amp.For example if the battery voltage is 10.7V, the upper 2 LEDs in the circuit will be OFF and the lower 4 LEDs will be ON. Similarly if the battery voltage is 9.2V only the LED at the bottom will be ON and other 5 will be OFF.If the voltage goes down below 9V, the transistor will be activated and the buzzer will start indicating LOW VOLTAGEObjective: The value of the resistors is calculated as:Assume current 'i' flowing through the voltage divider is 1 mA. There should be six identical resistors across each op amp. Let the value of each resistor be R.But we need to monitor voltage from 9V to 12V i.e. only 3V.So the extra 9V should be dropped across somewhere. Let it be resistor X.Then (6*R + X)*1*10^-3 =12VLet, R=0.5KThen, X=9KThe power rating of the resistors should be above 2 Watt.. Hardware Requirements:COMPONENTS:1.????? Op Amp 741 [6]2.????? Resistor (5K6 [6], 0.5 watt)3.????? Resistor (0.5K [6], 9K [1], 2 watt)? (9K if not available may be split to three 3K )4.????? LEDs [6]5.????? Transistor (2N3906)6.????? 12V Buzzer [1]POWER SUPPLY:The power supply to the 741 op amp is unipolar 12V regulated DC.Circuit View: ................
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