REPORTED SPEECH



REPORTED SPEECH

Utilizamos el estilo indirecto cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras exactas que ésta utilizó.

a) Reported statements (oraciones declarativas)

• Cambios de los tiempos verbales:

|ESTILO DIRECTO |ESTILO INDIRECTO |

|Presente simple |Pasado simple |

|I train every day |He said (that) he trained every day |

|Presente continuo |Pasado continuo |

|I’m having a shower |He said (that) he was having a shower |

|Pretérito Perfecto |Pretérito pluscuamperfecto |

|We haven’t seen it yet |They said they hadn’t met her |

|Pasado simple |Pretérito pluscuamperfecto |

|I met her at 3 |He said he had met her at 3 |

|Imperativo |Infinitivo |

|Be quiet |He told us to be quiet |

• Cambios de los verbos modales:

|ESTILO DIRECTO |ESTILO INDIRECTO |

|Can |Could |

|I can’t swim |He said (that) he couldn’t swim. |

|Will |Would |

|I’ll send you a postcard |He said (that) he would send us a postcard. |

|Must / have (got) |Had to |

|You must study more |He said (that) we had study more |

|May |Might |

|It may be true |He said (that) it might be true |

Los otros verbos modales no cambian.

• El verbo introductor en los estilos directo e indirecto suele ser say . En el estilo directo, cuando el verbo va sseguido de un objeto de persona, podemos emplear say to, o bien tell.

Ejemplo:

‘I’m hungry’, he said to me

‘I’m working tonight’, he told me.

Sin embargo en el estilo indirecto , sólo se utilizaría told.

• Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos de primera persona cambian a tercera persona.

Ej: He said ‘I can’t find my keys’.

He said (that) he couldn’t find his keys

• El pronombre you cambia a I.

Ej: He said ‘You look tired’

He said I looked tired.

Nota: He said, ‘You look tired, Jane’. – He told Jane she looked tired

• Otras expresiones que cambian:

|ESTILO DIRECTO |ESTILO INDIRECTO |

|THIS |THAT |

|HERE |THERE |

|TODAY |THAT DAY |

|YESTERDAY |THE DAY BEFORE |

|TOMORROW |THE NEXT DAY/THE FOLLOWING DAY |

|TONIGHT |THAT NIGHT |

|TOMORROW MORNING |THE FOLLOWING MORNING |

|YESTERDAY AFTERNOON |THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON |

|NEXT WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |THE FOLLOWING WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |

|LAST WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |THE PREVIOUS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |

|A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR AGO |A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR BEFORE |

b)Reported questions (Oraciones interrogativas)

| ASK KNOW (NOT) KNOW WANT WONDER |

Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que los de las oraciones declarativas indirectas

Nota: El orden de las palabras de la pregunta original cambia al orden de una oración declarativa. El sujeto va inmediatamente detrás del pronombre interrogativo, y el verbo, detrás del sujeto.

Ejemplo:

|He |said |‘What is her name?’ |

|He |Asked |What her name was. |

| |Wondered | |

| |Wanted to know | |

| |Didn’t know | |

Las Yes/no questions van introducidas por las conjunciones if o whether.

Ejemplo:

He said, ‘Can I use your pen?’

He asked me if / whether he could use my pen.

b)Reporting verbs (Verbos introductores del estilo indirecto)

• Oración introducida por that:

|Say – tell (+ objeto) – explain – suggest – insist – promise – warn – admit – agree – remind claim – complain – reply |

Ejemplos:

He promised that he would paint the house the followin week.

She suggested we should stay at home.

She told me that she would arrive late

• Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo:

|Ask – tell – order – advise – warn – invite |

Ejemplos:

They asked us to stay longer.

She warned me to be careful

• Verbo acabado en –ing.

|Apologise for – suggest – recommend – admit – insit on – accuse someone of |

Ejemplos:

They acused him of robbing the bank.

They admitted stealing the money.

REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.-

Introductory verbs: the verb “say” may introduced commands in direct speech but it must be changed to a verb of command in reported speech, e.g.: beg, command, forbid, order, tell, know, ask... + personal object without preposition.

Indirect commands are usually expressed by a verb of command + object without preposition + to infinitive.

Negative commands are usually reported by not + to infinitive.

When we turn a command into reported speech, it is necessary to change the pronouns and possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place as in the statements.

EJERCICIOS PARA LA PRÁCTICA

1. Andrew is working.

2. The windows aren’t locked

3. I have fixed the shelves

4. It has been raining

5. We have got plenty of time

6. You can sit over there

7. I may go to Bali again

8. I will help if you like

9. I must finish this report

10. I wasn’t listening

11. When did you start acting, Melissa?

12. Has the taxi arrived yet?

13. What’s the time?

14. Can we take photos?

15. Which way is the Post office?

16. Does Nick need a lift?

17. How can we find out?

18. Can you type?

19. Where can we eat?

20. Have you got a plan?

21. We will pay for the damage

22. You really must be careful

23. I will definitely finish it by next week

24. Would you mind turning the music down?

25. I think you should take a taxi

26. You mustn’t leave the door unlocked

27. I really must have a rest

28. Can I see your ticket?

29. Shall we go to a night club?

30. Can I have some brochures?

31. My parents are very well

32. I’m going to give up my job.

33. Ann has bought a new car

34. I can’t come to the party on Friday.

35. I want to go on holiday, but I don’t know where.

36. I’m going away for a few days.

37. I will see you tomorrow.

38. Do you like it here?

39. My uncle died last week.

40. This meat tastes funny.

41. I’m leaving you now.

42. The train leaves at 11:00 tonight.

43. I’ll phone you this evening.

44. Pete phoned me yesterday

45. What’s Peter address?

46. How does she know my name?

47. Why are all the windows opened?

48. How many books does he want?

49. Where do they keep the money?

50. What time is the meeting?

51. When does the last train leave?

52. How often does Ann go shopping?

53. Do they like me?

54. Will I be ready in time?

55. Is there any food in the house?

56. Is service included or not?

57. Can I pay by cheque?

58. Does my hair look funny?

59. Do they speak English?

60. Am I doing the right thing?

61. Is the meeting on Tuesday or Wednesday?

62. How old are you?

63. He’s ill

64. I’ll be back tomorrow

65. I don’t like this music

66. Where’s the bus station?

67. Have you finished?

68. Nobody loves me.

69. Do you want tea or coffee?

70. I’ll clean the flat.

71. What am I doing here?

72. Her cat understands everything

73. Would you like a drink?

74. “I really must have a rest”, Andrew said.

75. “This meat tastes funny”, Fanny said her mother.

76. “What time is the meeting?”, the pupil asked.

77. “Is there any food in the house?”, Kathleen asked me.

78. “Her cat understands everything”, Mary told Hugh yesterday.

79. “Would you mind turning the music down?”, the teacher asked.

80. “It has been raining a lot”, John said on Monday.

81. “Which way is the Post Office?”, his uncle asked.

82. “I want to go on holiday, but I don’t know where”, he said.

83. “Andrew is working”, Melissa said to me.

84. “ I really must have a rest”, Andrew said.

85. “ This meat tastes funny”, Fanny said her mother.

86. “ What time is the meeting?”, the pupil asked.

87. “ Is there any food in the house?”, Kathleen asked me.

88. “ Her cat understands everything”, Mary told Hugh yesterday.

89. “ Would you mind turning the music down?”, the teacher asked.

90. “ It has been raining a lot”, Jonh said on Monday.

91. “ Which way is the Post Office?”, his uncle asked.

92. “ I want to go on holiday, but I don’t know where”, he said.

93. “ Andrew is working”, Melissa said to me.

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