Environmental Science - Bridgeway
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Environmental Science
Book Test
Environmental Science
Multiple Choice
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line.
____ 1. Forests and fisheries are examples of
a. abiotic factors.
b. energy resources.
c. renewable resources.
d. nonrenewable resources.
____ 2. A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is known as a
a. community.
b. biome.
c. habitat.
d. niche.
____ 3. The major role of technology in controlling air pollution is to reduce
a. sediments.
b. hydrocarbons.
c. sewage.
d. emissions.
____ 4. All the biotic and abiotic factors that interact in a particular area
make up a(n)
a. species.
b. population.
c. community.
d. ecosystem.
____ 5. The contamination of Earths land, water, or air is called
a. pollution.
b. habitat preservation.
c. extinction.
d. succession.
____ 6. The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow
them to live successfully in their environment are called
a. limiting factors.
b. abiotic factors.
c. adaptations.
d. habitats.
____ 7. The process of restoring land to a more natural, productive state is called
a. nutrient depletion.
b. desertification.
c. habitat fragmentation.
d. land reclamation.
? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Environmental Science
Book Test
____ 8. The movement of organisms from one place to another is called
a. competition.
b. commensalism.
c. dispersal.
d. biogeography.
____ 9. A major cause of extinction is
a. captive breeding.
b. nutrient depletion.
c. erosion.
d. habitat destruction.
____ 10. Producers such as plants make their own food through the
process of
a. photosynthesis.
b. symbiosis.
c. nitrogen fixation.
d. succession.
Completion
Fill in the line to complete each statement.
11. The type of reaction used to generate electricity in a nuclear power plant
is nuclear ________________________.
12. A(n) ________________________ material can be naturally broken down
and recycled by bacteria and other decomposers.
13. The most diverse land biome is the ________________________.
14. A(n) ________________________ is a substance that provides a form of
energy as the result of a chemical change.
15. The water and human wastes that are washed down sinks, toilets, and
showers are called ________________________.
True or False
If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words
to make the statement true.
____ 16. Energy conservation involves increasing energy use.
____ 17. A chemical found in the upper atmosphere that blocks ultraviolet
radiation from the sun is nitrogen.
____ 19. Electricity produced by flowing water is known as geothermal
power.
____ 20. A renewable waste is any material that can be harmful to human
health or the environment if it is not properly disposed of.
? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Book Test
____ 18. Secondary succession is the series of changes that occur after a
disturbance in an existing ecosystem.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Environmental Science
Book Test
Problems
Solve the following problems. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
21. An ecologist counted 9 pronghorn antelope in a 4.5-km by 6-km section
of prairie. The entire prairie area measured 18 km by 24 km.
a. What was the population density of antelope (per km 2) in the 4.5-km by
6-km section? ______________________________________________________________
b. Estimate the total population of pronghorn antelope in the entire prairie
area. ______________________________________________________________________
Using Science Skills
Use the figure below to answer Questions 22 and 23. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
D
Water
Vapor
E
C
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
B
A
22. Interpreting Diagrams The diagram above shows the water cycle.
Name and describe each process that is labeled with a letter.
23. Applying Concepts Explain how the water cycle removes pollutants
from Earth's water.
Essay
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
24. Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems. What would happen if
ecosystems did not include decomposers?
25. Explain why protecting biodiversity is important to medical researchers.
? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Environmental Science
Book Test
Using Science Skills
The table below shows how much solid waste is produced each year in the United
States. Use the table to answer Questions 26C28. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
Type of Waste
Amount (in millions of metric tons)
Agricultural
Percentage of Total
2,100
%
Electricity generation
82
%
Hazardous
41
%
Industrial
200
%
3
%
1,500
%
160
%
Low-level radioactive
Mining
Municipal
Total:
26. Calculating Calculate the total amount of solid waste produced. Then
calculate the percentage of the total for each type of waste. Write your
answers in the table above.
27. Graphing Use the data in the table to construct a bar graph on a separate
sheet of paper. Sequence the types of wastes from the largest amount to
the smallest amount.
28. Classifying If more households recycled paper, plastic, and other
materials, which type of solid waste would be reduced?
Essay
Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.
? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Book Test
29. Both foxes and owls eat field mice. Suppose that a disease killed the
entire fox population in a certain area. Describe how the owl and mouse
populations could be affected. Use the terms predator, prey, and
competition (or compete) in your answer.
30. Explain the major difference between renewable and nonrenewable
energy sources, and give three examples of each. Why is it important for
the United States to develop renewable sources of energy?
ANSWER KEY
Environmental Science
and lakes. During evaporation, liquid water
changes to water vapor. D: condensation. As
water vapor rises, it cools and changes to liquid
water. E: precipitation. When water drops in the
air become heavy enough, they fall to Earth as
rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
23. When liquid water evaporates from Earths
surface, substances that were dissolved in it are
left behind. The water vapor in the air is pure
water.
24. Decomposers break down wastes and dead
organisms and return raw materials to the ecosystem so they can be used again. Without
decomposers, wastes and dead organisms
would pile up, the supply of nutrients would
eventually run out, and living organisms would
not be able to survive.
25. Many medicines are produced from chemicals found in wild organisms. Protecting biodiversity helps keep potential sources of
medicines from becoming extinct before they
can be discovered.
26. Total: 4,086 million metric tons
Percentages:Agricultural 51%, Electricity generation 2%, Hazardous 1%, Industrial 5%,
Low-level radioactive 0.07%, Mining 37%,
Municipal 4%
27.
2,400
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
un
ici
Ele pal
ge ctr
ne icit
ra y
tio
Ha
n
za
rd
ou
L
ra ow- s
di le
oa ve
cti l
ve
us
M
M
In
d
Ag
r
icu
ltu
ra
tri
al
200
l
in
in
g
Amount (in millions of metric tons)
Book Test
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. d
5. a
6. c
7. d
8. c
9. d
10. a
11. fission
12. biodegradable
13. tropical rain forest
14. fuel
15. sewage
16. reducing
17. ozone
18. true
19. hydroelectric
20. hazardous
21. a. 0.3 antelope per km2; b. 144
22. A, B, C: evaporation from ocean, plants,
Types of Wastes
28. Municipal wastes
29. Sample answer: Both the foxes and the owls
are predators, and the mice are prey. If the population of foxes disappeared from the ecosystem, the population of mice could increase as a
result. With a larger population of mice as prey,
the population of owls might increase, especially since the owls would no longer have to
compete with the foxes for mice. However, as
the owl population increased, the mouse population would decrease due to more predation by
owls. The reduced numbers of mice as prey
could cause a decline in the owl population. As
a result of all these changes, the mouse population without foxes in the ecosystem might stay
about the same as it was with the foxes.
30. Renewable energy sources are resources
that are replaced naturally in a relatively short
time. Examples are sunlight, wind, wood, geothermal energy, and water. Nonrenewable
energy sources are natural resources that are not
replaced as they are used. Examples are coal, oil,
and natural gas. The United States should
develop renewable energy sources because nonrenewable sources will eventually be depleted.
Also, renewable sources are generally less
expensive to use and cause less pollution than
nonrenewable sources do. In addition, using
renewable sources makes the United States less
dependent on oil and other fossil fuels imported
from other countries.
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