GSA GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE v. 5

[Pages:1]GSA GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE v. 5.0

CENOZOIC

MESOZOIC

PALEOZOIC PRECAMBRIAN

MAGNETIC

AGE (Ma)

POLARITY

PERIOD

EPOCH

CHRON.

ANOM.

HIST.

1 C1 QUATER- HOLOCENE 2 C2 NARY PLEISTOCENE*

2A C2A

5

3 C3

PLIOCENE

3A C3A

4 C4

4A C4A

10

5

C5

MIOCENE

NEOGENE

5A C5A

15

5B C5B

5C C5C 5D C5D

5E C5E 6 C6

20

6A C6A

6B C6B

6C C6C

7 C7

25

7A C7A

8 C8

9 C9

10 C10

30

11 C11

12 C12

AGE

CALABRIAN GELASIAN PIACENZIAN

ZANCLEAN MESSINIAN TORTONIAN

SERRAVALLIAN LANGHIAN

BURDIGALIAN

AQUITANIAN

CHATTIAN

RUPELIAN

OLIGOCENE

TERTIARY

EOCENE

PALEOGENE

13 C13

35

15 C15

16 C16

17 C17

18

40

C18

19

C19

20 C20

45

21 C21

PRIABONIAN BARTONIAN LUTETIAN

50

22 C22

23 C23

24 C24

55

25 C25

26

60

C26

27 C27

28 C28

65

29 C29

30 C30

PALEOCENE

YPRESIAN

THANETIAN SELANDIAN

DANIAN

PICKS (Ma) 0.012 1.8 2.58 3.600 5.333 7.246

11.63 13.82 15.97

20.44 23.03

27.82

33.9

37.8 41.2

47.8

56.0 59.2 61.6

66.0

HIST ANOM. CHRON.

CRETACEOUS

MAGNETIC

AGE (Ma)

POLARITY

PERIOD EPOCH

AGE

70 80 90 100

30 C30 31 C31 32 C32 33

C33

34 C34

MAASTRICHTIAN

LATE

CAMPANIAN

SANTONIAN CONIACIAN TURONIAN CENOMANIAN

ALBIAN 110

120

M0r M1

M3

130

M5

M10

M12

140

M14

M16

M18

M20

150

M22

M25

M29

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

RAPID POLARITY CHANGES

JURASSIC

EARLY

LATE MIDDLE

APTIAN

BARREMIAN HAUTERIVIAN VALANGINIAN BERRIASIAN

TITHONIAN

KIMMERIDGIAN

OXFORDIAN CALLOVIAN BATHONIAN BAJOCIAN AALENIAN

TOARCIAN

EARLY PLIENSBACHIAN

SINEMURIAN HETTANGIAN

RHAETIAN

LATE

NORIAN

TRIASSIC

230 CARNIAN

240

MIDDLE

LADINIAN

ANISIAN

250

EARLY

OLENEKIAN

INDUAN

PICKS (Ma) 66.0 72.1

83.6 86.3 89.8 93.9 100.5

~113

~125 ~129.4 ~132.9 ~139.8 ~145.0 ~152.1 ~157.3 ~163.5 ~166.1 ~168.3 ~170.3 ~174.1

~182.7

~190.8

~199.3 ~201.3

~208.5

~227

~237 ~242 247.2 251.2 251.90

AGE (Ma)

PERIOD

EPOCH

AGE

PICKS (Ma)

Lopin-

CHANGHSINGIAN

251.90 254.14

PERMIAN

260

gian

Guadalupian

WUCHIAPINGIAN

CAPITANIAN WORDIAN ROADIAN

259.1

265.1 268.8 272.95

280

Cisura-

KUNGURIAN

~283.5

lian

ARTINSKIAN

290.1

300

LATE

SAKMARIAN

ASSELIAN GZHELIAN KASIMOVIAN

295.0 298.9 303.7

307.0

PENNSYLVANIAN

MIDDLE

MOSCOVIAN

315.2

320

EARLY

BASHKIRIAN

323.2

LATE SERPUKHOVIAN 330.9

CARBONIFEROUS

MISSISSIPPIAN

340

MIDDLE

VISEAN

EARLY

TOURNAISIAN

346.7 358.9

360 FAMENNIAN

DEVONIAN

LATE

~372.2

380

FRASNIAN

~382.7

MIDDLE

GIVETIAN EIFELIAN

~387.7 ~393.3

400

EMSIAN

CAMBRIAN ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN

EARLY

PRAGIAN

~407.6 ~410.8

LOCHKOVIAN

~419.2

420

PRIDOLI LUDLOW

WENLOCK

LUDFORDIAN GORSTIAN HOMERIAN

SHEINWOODIAN

~423.0 ~425.6 ~427.4 ~430.5 ~433.4

440

LLANDOVERY

TELYCHIAN

AERONIAN RHUDDANIAN HIRNANTIAN

~438.5 ~440.8 ~443.8 ~445.2

460

LATE

KATIAN SANDBIAN

DARRIWILIAN

~453.0 ~458.4

MIDDLE

DAPINGIAN

~467.3 ~470.0

480

EARLY

FLOIAN TREMADOCIAN

~477.7

500 520

FURONGIAN

Epoch 3

Epoch 2

AGE 10 JIANGSHANIAN

PAIBIAN GUZHANGIAN

DRUMIAN AGE 5 AGE 4

AGE 3

~485.4 ~489.5 ~494 ~497 ~500.5 ~504.5 ~509 ~514

~521

TERRENEUVIAN

AGE 2 FORTUNIAN

~529

540

541.0

AGE (Ma)

EON

ERA

750

NEOPRO-

TEROZOIC

PERIOD

EDIACARAN CRYOGENIAN

BDY. AGES (Ma)

541

635 720

TONIAN

PROTEROZOIC

1000

1000

STENIAN

1200

1250

MESOPROTEROZOIC

ECTASIAN

1400

1500

CALYMMIAN

1600

STATHERIAN

1750 1800

OROSIRIAN

2000

PALEOPRO-

2050

TEROZOIC

RHYACIAN

2250

2300

SIDERIAN

2500

2500

NEOARCHEAN

2750

2800

ARCHEAN

3000

MESOARCHEAN

3250

PALEOARCHEAN

3500

3750

EOARCHEAN

3200 3600

4000 HADEAN

4000

Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A., and Babcock, L.E., compilers, 2018, Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0: Geological Society of America, . ?2018 The Geological Society of America

*The Pleistocene is divided into four ages, but only two are shown here. What is shown as Calabrian is actually three ages--Calabrian from 1.80 to 0.781 Ma, Middle from 0.781 to 0.126 Ma, and Late from 0.126 to 0.0117 Ma.

The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are the Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Names of units and age boundaries usually follow the Gradstein et al. (2012), Cohen et al. (2012) , and Cohen et al. (2013, updated) compilations. Numerical age estimates and picks of boundaries usually follow the Cohen et al. (2013, updated) compilation. The numbered epochs and ages of the Cambrian are provisional. A "~" before a numerical age estimate typically indicates an associated error of ?0.4 to over 1.6 Ma.

REFERENCES CITED Cohen, K.M., Finney, S., and Gibbard, P.L., 2012, International Chronostratigraphic Chart: International Commission on Stratigraphy, (accessed May 2012). (Chart reproduced for the 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane,

Australia, 5?10 August 2012.) Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., 2013, The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart: Episodes v. 36, no. 3, p. 199?204 (updated 2017, v. 2, ; accessed May 2018). Gradstein, F.M, Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., et al., 2012, The Geologic Time Scale 2012: Boston, USA, Elsevier, .

Previous versions of the time scale and previously published papers about the time scale and its evolution are posted to .

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