Erik Erikson’s Theory of Development
Erik Erikson’s Theory of Development
According to Psychologist Erik Erikson, there are 8 stages that people go through in the life cycle. At each stage there are different conflicts that one must resolve.
1. Oral Sensory Stage: Birth to18 months.
Conflict is trust vs. mistrust
The infant must form a loving and trusting relationship with its parents or a sense of mistrust develops in the baby.
2. Muscular-Anal Stage: 18 months to 3 years
Conflict is autonomy versus shame/ doubt
Infants learn toilet training. If unsuccessful, the child will doubt his or her abilities. If successfully handled, the child will learn control.
3. Locomotor Stage: 3 to 6 years.
The conflict at this stage is initiative vs. guilt
If the child successfully gains independence, he or she will continue to take more initiative. If unsuccessful, he is left with feelings of guilt.
4. Latency stage: 6 to 12 years.
Industry vs. inferiority
This is the stage when dealing with school. The child does not handle the demands of school successfully, they develop feelings of inferiority, failure and incompetence.
5. Adolescence: 12-18 years
identity vs. role confusion
The teen must achieve a personal sense of identity as they deal with relationships with their peers.
6. Young Adulthood: 18-25
Intimacy vs. isolation
People need to develop intimate relationships or else suffer feelings of isolation.
7. Adulthood: 25-65
generativity vs. stagnation
Erikson believed that each adult must find a way to support the next generation, (having kids and successful child rearing accomplishes this).
8. Maturity 65- death
Ego integrity vs. despair
This involves reflecting on and accepting one’s life. If the conflict is resolved positively, the ego has integrity and the person feels fulfilled.
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