Ch07.indd - LPS



Motor Skill IdentificationActivity AName Chapter 7Date Period Chapter7Early Childhood:Ages 3 through 5Define the following terms.Postural control: Hand and eye coordination: Read the following examples of physical development shown in preschoolers. In the spaces provided, write gross or fine to identify each type of physical ability as an example of a gross- or fine-motor skill. Then, answer the questions that follow. 1. Unzipping a zipper. 2. Jumping up and down. 3. Picking up a puzzle piece. 4. Dancing to music. 5. Typing letters on a keyboard. 6. Climbing a ladder. 7. Running in the park. 8. Folding a piece of paper. 9. Using a fork. 10. Coloring with crayons. 11. Catching a ball. 12. Copying alphabet letters. 13. Using scissors. 14. Doing a cartwheel. 15. Building a tower of blocks.Give an example of an activity that exemplifies postural control. Why did you choose this activity? Give an example of an activity that exemplifies hand and eye coordination. Why did you choose this activity?Preschooler NutritionActivity BName Chapter 7Date Period You accepted a babysitting job that will involve providing care for a preschooler, Jake, for the entire day. Part of your job is to provide food for Jake, who is of average weight and height, but has food allergies to peanuts, eggs, and fish. Create a meal plan for Jake that meets the food requirements of MyPlate and does not include any of his food allergens. Then, categorize each food in the meal plan under the appropriate food groups in the table. BreakfastMeal plan: SnackSnack plan: LunchMeal plan: SnackSnack plan: DinnerMeal plan: GrainsFruitsVegetablesDairyProtein foodsTheorists and Theories of PreschoolActivity CName Chapter 7Date Period Answer the following questions about developmental theorists and theories as they relate to pre- schoolers. Review your answers in class.Piaget’s TheoryAccording to Piaget, preschoolers are in which stage of thinking? Define the term operations.In this stage, what do preschoolers gradually begin to use in their thought processes? In this stage, what do preschoolers learn to use as a way of understanding the world around them? What does intuition mean?This stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory is marked by three characteristics. What are these characteristics? Describe each. Vygotsky’s IdeasAccording to Vygotsky, how do children learn what they know? Fantasy stories, such as monsters, fairies, superheroes, and boogiemen seem real to preschoolers. What is this type of thought called?Activity C (Continued)Name Describe Vygotsky’s thoughts on imaginative play.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentWhat is Kohlberg’s first level of morality called? What do younger children typically respond to instead of making moral decisions? Describe how moral development progresses throughout early childhood.Skinner’s Theory of Operant ConditioningHow does Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning relate to Kohlberg’s first level of morality? Erikson’s Psychosocial TheoryAccording to Erikson, preschoolers are in which stage of socio-emotional development? 15. Describe what occurs in Erikson’s third stage of socio-emotional development..Developmentally Appropriate Guidance TechniquesActivity DName Chapter 7Date Period The following scenarios include examples of behaviors a caregiver is attempting to correct. Read each scenario and determine which type of discipline and which parenting style the caregiver is using. Then, explain whether you agree or disagree with the caregiver’s methods. If you disagree, identify which developmentally appropriate technique you might use.You are visiting a local swimming pool. You notice a mother with her 4-year-old daughter, Lauren. Lauren leaves her mother’s side and begins exploring on her own. Lauren’s mother shouts, “Lauren, come back here. Come back here right now, I mean it!” Lauren keeps her distance and continues to explore farther away. She does not acknowledge her mother’s instructions. She begins calling again for Lauren to come closer. Lauren’s mom then walks over to Lauren, grabs her arm, and tells her they are going home early, since she cannot obey instructions.Type of discipline used: Parenting style used: Explanation: You are at the grocery store waiting in the checkout line. In front of you are a father and his5-year-old son. The preschooler is begging for candy at the register. His father says no. The boy is becoming angry and is beginning to complain. The father calmly lowers down to the preschooler and says, “I know you are hungry. We will be eating dinner soon and this candy will spoil your appetite. You may select one piece of candy at home after dinner.”Form of discipline used: Parenting style used: Explanation: You are at a restaurant. The table next to yours has a large family with three young children, ages 2, 3, and 5. The 3- and 5-year-old are walking around the restaurant in search of other children and interesting items. The children’s caregivers are still at the table and do not seem tomind that the children are wandering. One caregiver is focusing on the 2-year-old boy, who is not eating much food. The caregiver says, “Jackson, if you don’t finish eating your dinner, I won’t be your friend anymore.”Form of discipline used: Parenting style used: Explanation: Types of PlayActivity EName Chapter 7Date Period Playtime is important to preschoolers for physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. In the spaces provided, define the types of play and then write a scenario that shows children demon- strating each type of play. Functional play: Scenario:Constructive play: Scenario:Associative play: Scenario:Cooperative play: Scenario:Preschooler Caregiver InterviewActivity FName Chapter 7Date Period Interview the caregiver of a preschooler. Ask the following questions about the physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development of the preschooler. Name of caregiver: Name of preschooler: Preschooler’s age: Describe your typical day of caregiving. How does caring for a preschooler differ from caring for a toddler? Is he or she learning to read and write? What is he or she able to write and draw? How does he or she play? What are some of his or her favorite games? What are some things he or she fears? How do you address these fears? Does he or she have temper tantrums? Are they less frequent than in the toddler years? On average, how many hours does he or she sleep per night? Does he or she have any special needs? If so, what are they and how do you meet these needs?After the interview, reflect on how the preschooler’s family and society has had a direct influence on him or her. Summarize your thoughts in the space provided and list at least one example each of family and societal influences on the preschooler.Researching Special NeedsActivity GName Chapter 7Date Period Use online or print resources to complete the following activity to learn more about special needs that may become more evident during the preschool years.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Description: A learning disability that includes hyperactivity, difficulty staying on task, and impulsiveness over time.Symptoms: difficulty focusing, impulsive behavior, hyperactivity (fidgets, has trouble waiting), eager to speak and shows little to no hesitation to speak, lacks attention to detail, does not listen when directly addressedCauses: unknown; genetic and environmental factors may contributeTreatments: medications, therapyAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Description: A broad term that describes a developmental disability that leads to problems with social behaviors and communication.Symptoms: difficulty interacting socially with others including family members or peers, delayed speech and language skills, gets upset by minor changes, has trouble understanding other people’s feelings or talking about their own feelings, repeats words and phrases over and over, has obsessive interests, flaps hands, rocks bodyCauses: all causes are unknown, but may include biological, environmental, and genetic factorsTreatments: currently no cure, but behavioral and occupational therapies and medications may help treat some of the symptomsEncouraging Preschooler DevelopmentActivity HName Chapter 7Date Period Review Figure 7-21 Developmental Milestones for Preschoolers in the text to complete the following tables. For each age listed, select one physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional developmental mile- stone. Then, describe the ways in which you would encourage a preschooler to reach these mile- stones. After completing the tables, answer the questions that follow.3 YearsType of DevelopmentDevelopmental MilestoneEncouragement ProvidedPhysical(Answers will vary.)CognitiveSocio-emotional4 YearsType of DevelopmentDevelopmental MilestoneEncouragement ProvidedPhysical(Answers will vary.)CognitiveSocio-emotionalActivity H (Continued)Name 5 YearsType of DevelopmentDevelopmental MilestoneEncouragement ProvidedPhysical(Answers will vary.)CognitiveSocio-emotionalRefer to the physical developmental milestone in the 3 Years table. Describe the encouragement you would provide to help a child with limited mobility learn this skill.(Answers will vary.)Refer to the cognitive developmental milestone in the 4 Years table. Describe the encouragement you would provide to help a child with ADHD learn this skill.(Answers will vary.)Refer to the socio-emotional developmental milestone in the 5 Years table. Describe the encouragement you would provide to help a child with autistic disorder learn this skill.(Answers will vary.) ................
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