Click on Joan
[pic]
Writing Batxiller
(
1. Essay writing.
2. A Narrative
3. Informal letter
4. Opinion essay
5. For & against composition
6. Choosing a title.
7. Film or book review
8. Description of a person
9. Description of a place
10. Formal letter.
1. Essay Writing
Introducing opinions:
|(dis)agree |I (dis)agree with the main idea of the text because... |
| |I (dis)agree that young people are more violent nowadays |
|In my opinion |In my opinion we should be more careful with the environment |
|In my view | |
|It seems to me | |
|I think | |
|I (strongly) believe | |
|From my point of view | |
|As I see it | |
|If you ask me | |
|To my mind | |
|As far as I’m concerned | |
|As regards |As regards the problem of violence in this country, I think that it should be punished. |
|Regarding | |
Introducing one of a series of points: (especially in the development of the body to arrange your ideas)
|First of all, |In the second place, |In the third place, |... ... ... |Finally, |
|In the first place, |Secondly, |Thirdly, |... | |
|Firstly, |Second, |Third, |... | |
|First, | | | | |
Adding information:
|Besides, |Some children spend a lot of money on video games. Besides, they also buy expensive clothes. |
|Furthermore, | |
|Moreover, | |
|What is more, | |
|In addition (to this), | |
|Similarly, |Some children spend a lot of money on video games. Similarly, they also buy expensive clothes. |
|Not only..., but also... |Some children not only spend a lot of money on video games, but also buy expensive clothes. |
|Both... and... |Rubbish is both unpleasant and unhygienic. |
|That is to say, |In poor countries children work at a very early age, that is to say, they can’t attend school. |
Giving examples:
|For example, |There are several problems that affect the country. For example, unemployment is the most important |
|For instance, |one. |
|Such as |My favourite flavours of candy are fruit flavours, such as cherry and lemon. |
Expressing facts:
|It is widely known that | |
|It is a well-known fact that | |
| |fossil fuels pollute the environment |
|Research has shown that | |
|It is a fact that | |
|It is true that | |
Expressing contrast:
|On the one hand... |On the one hand Spain is receiving a lot of tourism. |
|On the other hand... |On the other hand, agriculture is not working well. |
|On the contrary |Germany has given up nuclear power. France, on the contrary, hasn’t. |
|In contrast | |
|Otherwise |I have studied hard, otherwise I wouldn’t have passed the exam. |
Revise “Subordinate Clauses”on page 16 for in spite of/despite, although/even though, however/nevertheless/nontheless, whereas, while, etc.
Giving conclusions:
|In conclusion, |In conclusion, this is a very important book that anybody should have at home. |
|In short, | |
|To sum up, | |
|To summarize, | |
|To conclude, | |
|On the whole, |On the whole, I disagree with this article. |
|Broadly speaking, | |
2. A Narrative
|1st Paragraph. Set the scene. | |
|- time |It was a warm, bright summer morning. My girlfriend and I had been |
|- place |walking in the countryside when suddenly... |
|- atmosphere | |
|- introduce | |
|characters | |
|Following paragraphs. | |
| |Sequencing words: |
|- Develops the plot. |-In the beginning, To begin with, At first, |
|- Details of events & characters. |- (A few moments)Later |
| |Afterwards, After that, Next, |
| |Then, At that moment, |
| |- Eventually, |
| |- In the end, Finally, At last |
| | |
| |Surprise words: |
| |- Suddenly, Out of the blue, All of a sudden |
| | |
| |Same time actions: |
| |I was having a shower when the phone rang. |
| |= |
| |While I was having a shower, the phone rang. |
| | |
| |Meanwhile, a stranger came to me. |
|Last paragraph. | |
| | |
|- Ends story with a (serious or humorous) | |
|revelation: reason or consequences. | |
Key Language
- Direct speech: "Look out!" yelled Laura.
- Ways of speaking: - asked, wondered,
- screamed, whispered, shouted, said,
- thought,
- Emotions vocabulary: She felt/was ...
|disappointed |shocked |jealous |
|glad |amazed |frustrated |
|ashamed |surprised |bored |
|embarrassed |miserable |astonished |
- Adverbs of manner: quickly, horribly, angrily... He took out a gun carefully...
- Past tenses: Past Perfect (cont.)to set the scene: We had been walking for hours.
Past Simple for new actions: Then, a dog started to bark.
- Other time expressions:
before/after as soon as by the time (=when) until=till during
all night a week later last/next summer It all began when
Before I knew it So far, From then on,
3. Informal letter
14, Park Ave.
Manchester
Mon. 17.4.02
Dear Mary,
How’s it going?
It was great to hear from you!
Sorry I haven't written for so long, (but...)
I've got so much to tell you.
Thank you so much for...
Congratulations on...
I was happy to hear that. good news
I was sorry to hear that.. bad news
Anyway,
That reminds me...
By the way,
That's all for now.
I must sign off now. you want to finish
Give my regards to... send regards
I miss you so much!
I can't wait to hear from you .
Looking forward to seeing you. expect reply
Please write soon.
Take care.
Be well.
Cheers. say good-bye
Regards.
Best wishes.
Love
XXX OOO
P.S.
And use short forms, abbreviations and colloquial forms!!
4. Opinion Essay
|Opening |- Introduce the topic. |
| | |
| |- Give a clear personal opinion. (In my opinion...) |
|Body |- Support your opinion with reasons (As I see it, It seems to me...) |
| |and examples (For instance, For example, such as... ) |
| | |
| |- Use connectors of addition. (Moreover, Furthermore...) |
| | |
| |- Include a new idea in each paragraph. |
|Conclusion |- Summarize(In conclusion...) and restate opinion (As far as I’m concerned...). |
| | |
| |- Offer solution, warning or advice (Bullfighting must /should/ought to/had better be banned) |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. For and Against composition
|Opening |- Restate the title of the essay in your own words. (Some people... whereas others ...) |
|Body |1st paragraph: On the one hand... Present the advantages, give a couple of reasons (In my opinion...) and |
| |examples. (For instance...) |
| | |
| |2nd paragraph: On the other hand... Present the disadvantages, give a couple of reasons (As I see it...) and|
| |examples (For example...). |
|Conclusion |State your preference ( In conclusion, there are advantages to both sides of the argument. However, I |
| |...) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remember:
- Avoid repeating phrases (use pronouns).
- Avoid repeating the word “people”. Use the citizens, teenagers, workers, politicians, etc..
- Avoid repeating the verb “say”. Use claim, state, remark, argue...
- You can use sequencing connectors such as “In the first place..., secondly..., finally” to arrange your ideas.
6. Choosing a title
Ideas from Richard Leahy's “Twenty Titles for the Writer”
1. You can copy a sentence from your essay…
“A primitive and savage tradition”
2. … use a saying, proverb or question “Can you call this art?”
3. …use a concrete image from your essay: “Blood on the arena”
4. …use a colon: “Bullfighting: Art or crime?”
… or even use a colon to join two titles:
“Blood on the arena: Can you call this art?”
7. Film or book review
| |Vocabulary and phrases |Example |
| title |was directed/written/produced | Frankestein |
|& |by |Frankestein was written by Mary Shelley, the wife of the poet P.B. Shelley, in 1818.|
|author | | |
| | |It is a horror story which is thought to be the original science fiction novel. |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |The story takes place in central Europe in the XIXth century. |
| | | |
| | |It is told through the letters of a man called Walton, an English explorer. First |
| | |we are told of Victor Frankestein, a student from Geneva, who discovers the secret |
| | |of life. |
| | | |
| | |So he collects bones and bodies from graveyards, and constructs a creature which is |
| | |more monster than man. People are terrified of it because it is so huge and ugly. |
| | |Since the poor monster has no friends and feels lonely and depressed, it asks |
| | |Frankestein to make a wife. |
| | | |
| | |This he refuses to do. Then the monster attacks and kills not only Frankestein's |
| | |friend, but also his brother's bride Elizabeth. Frankestein is heartbroken and is |
| | |determined to kill the monster. However he is killed first by the monster. Finally |
| | |it kills itself. |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |Frankestein is a fascinating story because of the character of the monster, which is|
| | |both sad and frightening at the same time. I recommend it to everybody, especially |
| | |if you are a fan of horror stories. |
| | | |
|type of book/film|drama comedy thriller mystery | |
| |love story romantic film action | |
| |film science fiction cartoon | |
| |documentary film horror/scary film | |
|set the scene |Time & place | |
|initial |Relative pronouns: | |
|characters |who, which, that... | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|events in the |Relative pronouns. | |
|story | | |
|and new |Connectors of sequence: | |
|characters |First, | |
| |Next/Then/After that | |
| |/Afterwards, Later | |
| |Finally, | |
| | | |
| |Connectors of result: | |
| |so/therefore/as a result | |
| | | |
| |Connectors of cause: | |
| |because, since, because of, | |
| | | |
| |while, meanwhile | |
|your opinion |Connectors of cause. | |
| | | |
| |In my opinion | |
| |I personally think | |
| | | |
| |funny amusing entertaining | |
| |fascinating shocking sad | |
| |amazing frightening=scaring | |
| |interesting boring exciting | |
Mainly use Present Simple.
| |Feature |Question |Vocabulary |Description |
| |Age, name, |What's his name? |towns, countries, nationalities... |His full name is ___ ___ and is __ years old. |
|A |etc... |How old is he? |elderly a newborn child/baby |He's got a nick(name): __. Although he comes |
| | |Where's he from?... | |from __, he lives in __ nowadays. |
|Personal | | | | |
|Information | | | | |
| |Work |What does he do (for a living)? |jobs unemployed, on the dole retired pensioner |He's a doctor = He works as a doctor. |
| |Family & |Is he married? |the family an only child widow(er) |He's married to a Spice Girl. She's a widow |
| |friends |Has he got children/friends? |single/married separated divorced spinster/bachelor | |
| |Hobbies |What are his likes & dislikes? | |He likes... but he prefers... He likes ___ best |
| | | | |He hates/can’t stand… |
| | | | |He's keen on...= He's fond of... |
| | | | |He hates... He's good at... |
| |Horoscope |What sign is he? |Aries Leo.... Sagittarius Taurus Virgo Capricorn Gemini |She's (a) Gemini. |
| | | |Aquarius Cancer Scorpio Pisces Libra | |
| | | | | |
| |Height |How tall is he? |tall medium-height short |He's tall. He's 1.80m tall |
|B | | | | |
| | | | | |
|Appearance | | | | |
| |Weight & build |How heavy is he? |fat slim/thin skinny medium build well-built |He's slim and well-built. He weighs 60kg. |
| |Hair |What's his hair like? |long short |curly straight |brown blond(e) |.He's got long, wavy, brown hair. |
| | | |medium-length |wavy spiky |black red |He's brown-haired She's got two bunches |
| | | | |cropped | |She's got a plait /plæt/ (UK)=braid (US) |
| | | | | | |bun / ponytail |
| |Eyes |What colour eyes has he got? |big small |round slanted |brown green |He's got small, slanted, black eyes. |
| | |What are his eyes like? | | |blue grey | |
| |Other features |Has he got any special feature? |moustache beard goatee sideburns tattoo freckles moles wart pimples=spots |He's got freckles and spots. |
| |& objects |Is he carrying/doing anything? |wrinkles laughter lines |He wears glasses |
| | | |necklace bracelet ring jewel hairband glasses earring stud contact |He's carrying a suitcase. |
| | | |lenses | |
| |Clothes |What kind of clothes |casual sporty fashionable=trendy old-fashioned comfortable |He usually dresses in red |
| | |does he usually wear? | |His clothes make him look... |
| | | | |He usually wears a hat = He has a hat on |
| |General looks |What does he look like |ugly beautiful nice handsome good-looking attractive smart |On the whole,=Broadly speaking, He looks a bit |
| | |on the whole? |elegant/scruffy tidy/untidy modern healthy/unhealthy |He's handsome=He's a handsome man/person. |
| | | | | |
| |What's he like? |selfish/selfless enthusiastic/uninterested outgoing/introverted |He's ___, ___ and ___. = |
|C |(appearance & personality) |friendly/unfriendly posh sleazy cool |He's a ___ , ___ and ___person |
| | |hardworking/lazy talkative /shy, timid; self-conscious |(1 positive & negative) |
|Personality | |generous/mean quiet /nervous stupid/intelligent, clever, smart | |
| | |vain = conceited dependable /sly, deceitful energetic | |
| | |(un)reliable understanding messy/tidy | |
| | | | | |
| D Your opinion |What do you think of him? |I like/dislike/love/hate him because... He's the most ___/___est person I know The best/worst about him is that... |
9. Description of Place
Opening
Includes the name and location of the place. Also your relationship with the place.
Body (as many adjectives – with quantifiers- as possible, comparisons and non-defining
relative clauses – who/which/where/whose)
- Physical characteristics, special features and points of interest.
- Also describes the atmosphere, the people, the culture and the way of life.
- Historical details, sounds, smells and personal feelings.
- If possible, personal experience.
Closing
General conclusion about the place and recommendation.
1 Useful vocabulary
|Nouns |
|Geography |Culture & History |
|beach coast coastline mountains |castles churches cathedral museum |
|valley river harbour lakes |festival market |
|bridge landscape views |old town outskirts tourist resort |
|Adjectives |
|Buildings |People |Places |
|beautiful impressive |charming colourful |quiet peaceful crowded |
|modern ancient |outgoing welcoming |cosmopolitan remote |
|magnificent splendid |friendly traditional |desolate trendy busy lively |
|wonderful majestic |kind polite/rude |picturesque |
|dramatic superb |cool (guay) hectic |peaceful unspoilt |
| | |overdeveloped |
| | |rural/urban |
|Verbs |
|contemplate enjoy hear see visit walk along/down/up overlook |
|the city is surrounded by the surrounding villages |
|the church overlooks the plain |
|Adverbs of degree |
|very extremely too a bit = a little quite fairly rather |
|i.e. it's a fairly lively but rather dirty place |
10. Formal Letter
C/. Alt, 23
46080 Llíria
SPAIN
18th May, 2007
The Lion Pub
16, Acorn St.
London W2 3BD
UK
Dear Sir or Madam,
Dear Mr./Ms./Mrs./Miss Jones,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would like to apply for the post of waiter as advertised in The Mirror on 14th April.
I am an18-years-old student in my second year of Batxiller. I consider myself to be
a hard-working, organized, reliable person, and I get good marks in my school work.
I have a good level of English and am good at working with computers.
I have experience of working in bars. My family owns a pub in Valencia, and I help
there in my free time. I am hard-working and I don’t mind working long hours.
Please find enclosed my application form and CV.
I would be happy to attend an interview and discuss further details about the
job.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Yours sincerely,
A. Faubel
Anna Faubel
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Other useful phrases
|Reason |I am writing in response to... |
|Asking for |I would be grateful if you could... |
|Qualifications |My qualifications include A-levels in Art, Technical Drawing and the History |
| |of Art, along with a B-Tech Diploma in Graphic Design. |
|Thanking |Thank you for your assistance. |
|Enclose |Please find enclosed (use attached in emails) my application form and CV. |
|Alternative |To Whom It May Concern, |
|salutation | |
-----------------------
8. Description of a Person
Opening
Replying to a
previous letter
Closing
What you have to tell
Body
1
2
1
2
Reason
Personal info & qualities
Experience
Interview
Application
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- click to get your password
- va click and claim
- click powersports in michigan
- click power sports used bike
- joan lesley hamilton cline
- click here to close window
- angular button click event
- angular button click not working
- angular 9 click event
- angular click on div
- angular click handler
- simulate radio button click jquery