Examining the Efficacy of a Time Management Intervention ...
Research Report
ETS RR?13-25
Examining the Efficacy of a Time Management Intervention for High School Students
Jeremy Burrus Teresa Jackson Steven Holtzman Richard D. Roberts Terri Mandigo
November 2013
ETS Research Report Series
EIGNOR EXECUTIVE EDITOR
James Carlson Principal Psychometrician
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Beata Beigman Klebanov Research Scientist
Heather Buzick Research Scientist
Brent Bridgeman Distinguished Presidential Appointee
Keelan Evanini Managing Research Scientist
Marna Golub-Smith Principal Psychometrician
Shelby Haberman Distinguished Presidential Appointee
Gary Ockey Research Scientist
Donald Powers Managing Principal Research Scientist
Gautam Puhan Senior Psychometrician
John Sabatini Managing Principal Research Scientist
Matthias von Davier Director, Research
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Examining the Efficacy of a Time Management Intervention for High School Students Jeremy Burrus, Teresa Jackson, Steven Holtzman, and Richard D. Roberts ETS, Princeton, New Jersey Terri Mandigo The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
November 2013
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Action Editor: John Sabatini Reviewers: Tenaha O'Reilly and Franklin Zaromb Copyright ? 2013 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, and LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING. are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
Abstract The current paper reports the results of 2 quasiexperimental studies conducted to examine the efficacy of a new time management intervention designed for high school students. In both studies, there was no difference between the treatment and control groups in improvement in self-reported time management skills as a result of the intervention. However, the treatment group reported significantly greater improvement than the control group for secondary outcomes such as stress (Studies 1 and 2), anxiety (Studies 1 and 2), depression (Study 1), and knowledge of time management strategies (Study 1). Additionally, advisor ratings of student time management skills were higher for the treatment than for the control group in Study 2. Implications and suggestions for improving the intervention are discussed. Key words: time management, noncognitive, intervention, high school, psychosocial, study skills
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Acknowledgments The authors thank Patrick Kyllonen, Tenaha O'Reilly, John Sabatini, and Franklin Zaromb for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript and Daniel Howard, Mary Lucas, and Terri Mandigo for supporting the preparation of this paper. The views expressed represent the views of the authors, and not those of Educational Testing Service.
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Table of Contents
Page Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Time Management and Academic Performance...................................................................... 1 Time Management Interventions ............................................................................................. 2 Current Time Management Intervention ................................................................................. 3 Current Studies ........................................................................................................................ 4 Study 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Method ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Participants .............................................................................................................................. 5 Assignment to Condition ......................................................................................................... 7 Instruments .............................................................................................................................. 7 Intervention and Study Procedure ........................................................................................... 9 Analysis Plan ......................................................................................................................... 11 Results........................................................................................................................................... 12 Preliminary Analyses............................................................................................................. 12 Efficacy of Time Management Intervention.......................................................................... 13 Discussion.............................................................................................................................. 16 Study 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Method .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Participants ............................................................................................................................ 18 Assignment to Condition ....................................................................................................... 19 Instruments ............................................................................................................................ 19 Intervention and Study Procedure ......................................................................................... 19 Results........................................................................................................................................... 21 Preliminary Analyses............................................................................................................. 21 Efficacy of Time Management Intervention.......................................................................... 22 Discussion.............................................................................................................................. 25 General Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 25 Limitations and Future Research ........................................................................................... 26 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 28
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References..................................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix....................................................................................................................................... 34
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