Behavior Preferences - Sage Leaders



Ten Commandments of Typewatching

1. Life tends to support our preferences, making us even more distrustful of our non-preferences

2. Your strength maximized becomes a liability

3. Typewatching is only a theory; it takes real life to validate it

4. Typewatching is only an explanation; it's never an excuse

5. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

6. Typewatching is only one lens through which to view human personality

7. To be effective, typewatching must begins with the self before applying it to others

8. Typewatching is easier said (or thought about) than done

9. Don't blame everything on your opposite type

10. Typewatching can't solve everything

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|How one interacts with world & |Kind of information one naturally notices |How one makes or |Whether one prefers to live in a more structured way (making |

|where to direct energy |(way one prefers to gather data) |prefers to make decisions |decisions) or in a more |

|(way prefer to receive stimulation & energy) | | |spontaneous way (taking in info) |

|Asks "How do I affect this?" |Asks "How does this |Looks at situation & wants to |Looks at situation & wants to |Makes decisions that make sense|Makes decisions based on how |Seeks to regulate & control |Seeks to understand life rather|

| |affect me? |determine exactly what is going|know what is means & what its |logically |much they care or what they |life |than control it |

| | |on |consequences might be | |feel is right | | |

|75% American people |25% American people |75% American people |25% American people |50% American people |50% American people |50% American people |50% American people |

|No gender differences |No gender differences |No gender differences |No gender differences |2/3 men |2/3 women |No gender differences |No gender differences |

|Energized by being with other |Energized by spending time |Trust what is certain & |Trust inspiration & inference |Step back; apply impersonal |Step forward, consider effect |Are happiest after |Are happiest leaving their |

|people |alone |concrete | |analysis to problems |of actions on others |decisions have been made |options open |

|• Know a lot of people |• Enjoy peace & quiet of |• Find most satisfying those | |• Able to stay cool, calm & |• Consider a "good decision" |• Have a place for everything|• Don't like to be pinned |

|• Count many among "close |having time to yourself |jobs that yield some tangible | |objective in situations when |one that takes others' feelings|& aren't satisfied until |down about most things |

|friends" |• Private time too easily |result | |everyone else is upset |into account |everything is in its place |• Tend to usually make things|

|• Like to include as many |invaded - develop high |• Rather work with facts & | |• May argue both sides in |• Will overextend self |• Thrive on order |less than definite from time to|

|people as possible in |concentration power |figures than ideas & theory | |discussion simply to expand |meeting other people's needs | |time, but not always - - it all|

|activities |• Need to "recharge" alone | | |intellectual horizons |• Do almost anything to | |depends |

|• Prefer generating things |after socializing with a group | | |• Pride yourself on your |accommodate others, even at the| | |

|with group rather than by | | | |objectivity despite fact that |expense of own comfort | | |

|yourself | | | |some people accuse you of being|• Wonder "Doesn't anyone care| | |

| | | | |cold & uncaring |about what I want?" yet have | | |

| | | | | |difficulty actually saying this| | |

| | | | | |to anyone | | |

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Likes being center of attention|Avoids being center of |Likes new ideas only if have |Likes new ideas & |Values logic, justice, & |Values empathy & |Has a "work ethic" |Has a "play ethic": |

|• Need affirmation from |attention |practical |concepts for their own sake |fairness; one standard for all |harmony; see exception to rule |work first, play later |enjoy now, finish job later (if|

|friends/associates about my |• Prefers to have the focus |applications |• Tend to thing about several|• Rather settle a dispute |• Put yourself in other |(if there's time) |there's time) |

|idea/actions (who I am, what I |on others |• Believe that "if it ain't |things at once |based on what is fair & |people's moccasins |• "know" that if every-one |• Turn most work into play - |

|do, how I look, etc.) | |broken, don't fix it" |• Often accused of being |truthful rather than what will |• Likely to be one in meeting|would simple do what they're |- if it can't be made into fun |

| | |• Don't understand why some |absent-minded |make people happy |who asks, "How will this affect|supposed to do (& when) the |it |

| | |people have to try to improve | |• Don't mind making difficult|the people involved?" |world would be a better place |probably isn't worth doing |

| | |every-thing | |decisions |• Won't hesitate to take back| |anyway |

| | | | |• Can't understand why so |something you've said that you | | |

| | | | |many people get upset |perceive has offended someone -| | |

| | | | | |- as a result are accused of | | |

| | | | | |being wishy-washy | | |

| | | | | |• Prefer harmony over clarity| | |

| | | | | |• Embarrassed by | | |

| | | | | |conflict in groups or family | | |

| | | | | |gatherings - - try to avoid it | | |

| | | | | |or smother it with love | | |

|Act, then think |Think, then act |Value realism & common sense |Value imagination & innovation |Naturally see flaws & tend to |Naturally like to please others|Set goals & work toward |Change goals as new info |

|• "Look" with mouth instead |• First thoughts are hidden |• Think that fantasy is a |• Seek connections & |be critical |show appreciation easily |achieving them on time |becomes available |

|of eyes |and perhaps not conveyed |dirty word |interrelatedness be-hind most |• Enjoy proving a point for | |• Wake up in morning & know |• Are easily distracted - - |

| | |• Subscribe to notion that |things rather than accepting |sake of clarity | |fairly well what your day is |can get lost between front door|

| | |"seeing is believing" |them at face value | | |going to be like |& car |

| | | |• Always asking "What does | | |• Have a schedule & follow it|• Love to explore unknown, |

| | | |that mean?" | | |& can become unraveled if |even it it's something as |

| | | |• Don't understand why so | | |things don't go as planned |simple as new route home from |

| | | |many people can't follow your | | | |work |

| | | |directions | | | |• Change subject often in |

| | | |• Get irritated when peo-ple | | | |conversations - - new topic can|

| | | |push for specifics | | | |be anything that enters your |

| | | |• Rather fantasize about | | | |mind or walks into the room |

| | | |spending next paycheck than sit| | | | |

| | | |& balance checkbook | | | | |

|Tend to think out loud |Think things through in-side |Like to use & hone established |Like to learn new skills; bored|May be seen as heartless, |May be seen as over-emotional, |Prefer knowing what they are |Like adapting to new situations|

|• Don't know what you'll say |their heads |skills |easily after master skills |insensitive, & uncaring |illogical, & weak |getting into | |

|until you hear yourself |• Rehearse things be-fore |• Would rather do some-thing |• Like figuring out how |• More firm-minded than |• Often accused of taking |• Don't like surprises, & | |

| |saying them (prefer that others|than think about it |things work just for sheer |gentle-hearted |things too personally |make this known to everyone | |

| |do same) | |pleasure of doing so | | |• Accused of being angry when| |

| | | | | | |you're not - - only stating | |

| | | | | | |opinion | |

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Easier to "read" & know |Are more private; prefer to |Tend to be specific & literal; |Tend to be general & |Consider it more important to |Consider it important to be |Are product oriented (emphasis |Are process oriented (emphasis |

|• Share personal information |share personal info with a |give detailed descriptions |figurative; use metaphors & |be truthful than tactful |tactful as well as truthful |is on completing task) |on how task is completed) |

|easily |select few |• Prefer specific answers to |analogies |• If disagree with people | |• Keep lists & use them |• Don't plan a task, but wait|

|• Are approachable |• Have been called shy |specific questions |• Believe that "boring |would rather tell them than say| |• If do something that's not |& see what it demands |

|• Easily engaged by friends &|• Come across as somewhat |• Are very literal in your |details" is redundancy |nothing & let them think | |on list, may add it just to |• People accuse you of being |

|strangers alike |reserved & reflective |use of words, often take things|• Prone to puns & word games |they're right | |cross it off |disorganized, although you know|

| | |literally | | | |• Like to work things through|better |

| | |• Find yourself asking (& | | | |to completion & get them out of|• Don't believe that |

| | |being asked) "are you serious | | | |the way (even if you know |"neatness counts", even though |

| | |or is that a joke?" | | | |you're going to have to do it |would prefer to have things in |

| | |• Find it easier to see | | | |over again later to get it |order |

| | |individual trees than forest | | | |right) |• What's important is |

| | | | | | | |creativity, spontaneity, & |

| | | | | | | |responsiveness |

|Talk more than listen |Listen more than talk |Present info in a step-by-step |Present info through leaps, in |Believe feelings are valid only|Believe any feeling is valid, |Derive satisfaction from |Derive satisfaction from |

|• Somewhat dominating in |• Perceived as "a great |manner |roundabout way |if they are logical |whether it makes sense or not |finishing projects |starting projects |

|conversation |listener" |• Like to hear things | | |• Feel that "love" cannot be | | |

|• Get bored when can't |• Feel that others take |sequentially instead of | | |defined; take great offense at | | |

|actively participate in |advantage of you |randomly | | |those who try to do so | | |

|conversation |• Believe that "talk is |• Read magazines from front | | | | | |

| |cheap" - can make you |to back | | | | | |

| |suspicious or irritated | | | | | | |

|Communicate with enthusiasm |Keep their enthusiasm to |Are oriented to present |Are oriented toward future |Are motivated by a desire for |Are motivated by a desire to be|See time as a finite resource &|See time as renewable resource |

| |themselves |• Like to concentrate on what|• Find future & its |achievement & accomplishment |appreciated |take deadlines seriously |& see deadlines as elastic |

| |• Do not get ideas out |you're doing at moment |possibilities more intriguing | |• Enjoy providing needed |• Are always waiting for |• Depend on last-minute |

| |forcefully |• Generally don't wonder |that frightening | |services to people although |others, who never seem to be on|spurts of energy to meet |

| |• Resent those who blurt out |about what's next |• Usually more excited about | |find that some people take |time |deadlines |

| |things you were just about to | |where you're going that where | |advantage | |• Usually make deadline, |

| |say | |you are | | | |although may drive everyone |

| | | |• Believe that time is | | | |else crazy in process |

| | | |relative - aren't late unless | | | | |

| | | |something has started without | | | | |

| | | |you | | | | |

|Respond quickly; enjoy a fast |Respond after take time to | | | | | | |

|pace |think things thru | | | | | | |

|• Read, talk, listen to TV |• Like stating thoughts or | | | | | | |

|/radio at same time oblivious |feelings without interruption | | | | | | |

|to distraction |• Allow others to do same in | | | | | | |

|• Phone calls are welcome |hope they will reciprocate | | | | | | |

|interruptions | | | | | | | |

|Prefer breadth to depth |Prefer depth to breadth | | | | | | |

|Focus on specifics of the |Focus on inner meanings - use |Prefer facts |See implications |Very logical |Care about what decisions mean | | |

|situation at hand; seek to |own objective criterion to | | | |in human terms | | |

|organize people & events |understand the world | | | | | | |

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |Characteristics: |

|• Expressive |• Reserved |• Trees |• Forest |• Head |• Heart |• Rigid |• Flexible |

|• Speak more loudly |• Often what to "hush" others|• Tend to examine an events |• Tend to look for meaning of|• Seek objective clarity |• Seek harmony with people |• Remain more focused on task|• More easily move from |

|• Speak more rapidly |• Tend to hesitate, thinking |or experiences various |event or an experience |• Tend to apply their |• Usually situational & |or topic |subject to subject, sometimes |

|• Overstate & repeat points |before speaking |components |• Randomly gather information|decisions more uniformly & |subjective |• Built-in time clock |to point of appearing scattered|

|• Use more nonverbal |• Often understate a point |• Like to understand a |& fit it into a theoretical |consistently |• Show more concern for how |• Tend to get locked into one|• No innate sense of schedule|

|communication |• Appear more aloof & |process by looking at it |model |• Look at cause & effect of a|people will feel about a |method |• Capable of generating |

| |reserved |sequentially |• Focus on "what can be" & |decision |decision |• Tend to offer decisive |alternatives to any situation |

| | |• Focus on "what is" & find |find "what is" depressing |• Prefer to understand |• Prefer to experience |opinions on most topics |• Often prefer to answer a |

| | |"what can be" unsettling |• Impatient with many details|feelings |feelings | |question with an-other question|

| | |• Impatient with fanciful | | | | | |

| | |schemes | | | | | |

|Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |Key Words: |

|• Sociability |• Territoriality |• Sequential |• Random |• Objective |• Subjective |• Resolved |• Pending |

|• Interaction |• Concentration |• Present |• Future |• Firm-minded |• Tenderhearted |• Decided |• Wait-&-see |

|• External |• Internal |• Realistic |• Conceptual |• Laws |• Circumstances |• Fixed |• Flexible |

|• Breadth |• Depth |• Perspiration |• Inspiration |• Firmness |• Persuasion |• Control |• Adapt |

|• Extensive |• Intensive |• Actual |• Theoretical |• Just |• Humane |• Closure |• Openness |

|• Multiple relationships |• Limited relationships |• Down-to-earth |• Head-in-clouds |• Clarity |• Harmony |• Planned |• Open-ended |

|• Energy expenditure |• Energy conservation |• Fact |• Fantasy |• Analytical |• Appreciative |• Structure |• Flow |

|• External events |• Internal reactions |• Practicality |• Ingenuity |• Policy |• Social values |• Definite |• Tentative |

|• Gregarious |• Reflective |• Specific |• General |• Detached |• Involved |• Scheduled |• Spontaneous |

|• Speak, then think |• Think, then speak | | | | |• Deadline |• What deadline? |

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |Resolving Conflicts: |

|• Conflict = something to be|• Conflict = internalize so |• Conflict = literally hears|• Conflict = figuratively |• Conflict = any discussion,|• Conflict = exists when we |• Conflict = anything that |• Conflict = always seek |

|examined out in the open |can reflect on that took place |what's said |hears what was meant or what |conversation or debate when |have four sets of |enters their world |alternatives & don't say what |

|• Tip - Stop, look, & listen |• Tip - Express yourself |• Tip - There's more to |she thought was meant |win/lose is the only |opinions/feelings, |• Strive for control, e.g. |they always mean |

| | |conflicts than just the facts |• Tip - Stick to the issues |perceivable possible outcome |ideas/experiences, & we're |motto is "stay on top, be in |• Tip - Take a clear |

| | | | |• Tip - Allow some genuine |trying to reach consensus |charge, & above all, don't lose|position |

| | | | |expressions of emotion |• Tip - Be direct & |your cool" | |

| | | | | |confrontative |• Tip - You're not always | |

| | | | | | |right | |

|Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |Type Resistors: |

|• None |• Reluctant to reveal |• Quest for immediacy cause to|• None |• Leery of the "soft" science |• Initially resistant be-cause|• None |• Prefer to find alternatives |

| |themselves in their need for |resist because it is | |of psychology |it "puts people in boxes & | |to everything, may be resistant|

| |privacy |theoretical & abstract | |• Unless can prove |takes away their individuality"| |if they find 16 different |

| |• May object out of fear of |• Without being able to see | |objectively its validity & |• Prefer not to engage in | |personality types to be too |

| |being "exposed" |its positive & immediate | |reliability, may be brushed |activities that have any chance| |limiting |

| |• Result may be closet |applicability, they will | |aside as too touchy-feely |of hurting others' feelings | | |

| |typewatchers - - doing it but |quickly become bored with it | | | | | |

| |not sharing it | | | | | | |

|Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |Problem Solving: |

|• Talk through with someone |• Take external input of |• Trust the facts & evidence|• Need to know all |• Keep everyone aware of the|• Bring reality of how the |• Solution-oriented, |• Massage a problem & |

|else or even no one in |others to some private space | |alternatives have been |potential consequences of any |process affects people |sometimes premature-ly |generate new problems even |

|particular |where can reflect & contemplate| |considered & various schemes |given action | | |after deciding on a course of |

| |internally | |have been drawn to cover every | | | |action |

| | | |aspect of the situation | | | | |

|Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |

|• Is to be overpowered & used|• Is spatial, a concept |• Is now; there is no time |• Is possibilities; there's |• Is an object; resource |• Is relational & |• Is to be scheduled & |• Can be adapted & added to |

|• Procrastinate when it comes|• Procrastinate when it comes|like the present |always time for one more thing |• Procrastinate when it comes|interpersonal |controlled |• Procrastinate when it comes|

|time to be quiet, reflective & |time to get up before a group |• Procrastinate when it comes|• Procrastinate when it is |to interpersonal aspects of |• Procrastinate when it comes|• Procrastinate when it comes|time to make a final decision |

|introspective |to share info or when asked to |time to engage in fantasy & |time to engage in projects that|life |time to tackle jobs that |time for fun, leisure & |about something |

|• Tip - Avoid having to share|work/play as part of a larger |fanciful thinking or thinking |involve detail |• Tip - Consider others' time|involve little interaction or |relaxation |• Tip - Try to focus |

|everything |group |about the future |• Tip - Be realistic | |negative integration with |• Tip - Keep in mind that | |

| |• Tip - Don't stay inside |• Tip - Remember that there's| | |people |time is not always of the | |

| | |more to time than minutes & | | |• Tip - Define your |essence | |

| | |seconds | | |boundaries | | |

|Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |Stress: |

|• Need chance to express; |• Need chance to write, |• Need specifics spelled out |• Need chance to add to |• Need opportunity to analyze|• Need affirmations & + |• Need agenda, schedule, |• Need room to move, to know |

|opportunity to talk & share |reflect, & meditate |carefully & a good experiential|design with their own |situation, to confront things &|rewards, a happy learning |plan, handouts, & charts like |there are reward even if |

|• Stretch by taking notes or |• Stretch by having an |event |imagination & an opportunity to|challenge then; often they like|climate, see-ing value of |this one |assignments aren't completed or|

|writing in a journal, |extemporaneous discussion or |• Stretch by fantasizing to |connect learnings to their own |a win/lose reward |what's being learned for |• Stretch by having no |deadlines are missed; |

|concentrated reflection time |sharing of something personal |music or imagining & discussing|experience |• Stretch by experiencing |themselves & others |agenda for some part of course,|opportunity for self-pacing & |

| | |the unknown |• Stretch by experiencing |powerlessness or lack of |• Stretch by learning for |just winging it & not following|self-determination |

| | | |world of senses; doing some |control; exploring world of |sake of the idea itself, with |schedule & then to see if |• Stretch by contemplating |

| | | |detailed assignment, even |nonverbal communication |no other use or reward; doing |something positive can result |some of the material on time & |

| | | |things like proofreading or | |some objective analysis & | |without changing it; not |

| | | |bookkeeping | |sticking to conclusion, even it| |wandering down extraneous paths|

| | | | | |is against their personal | | |

| | | | | |values | | |

Goal Setting requires three things:

1. Being in touch with your own typological preferences & non-preferences

2. Respecting the differences in others

3. Making accommodations & modifications in your own behavior that can facilitate the goal-setting process

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |Tips: |

|• Put it in writing |• Give Es "thinking space" |• Don't immediately dismiss |• Pay attention to pitfalls |• Consider the "people" side |• Don't be afraid to bite the|• Listen to alternatives |• Focus on closure |

|• Practice listening skills | |"fanciful" ideas |• Don't ignore present |of the equation |bullet | | |

| | |• Try to see "big picture" | | |• Don't take things | | |

| | | | | |personally | | |

|Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |Goal Setting: |

|• Allow others time to think|• Let E's speak their minds |• Allow others to make |• Remember the details. |• Pay attention to points of|• It's okay to disagree. A |• Allow time for a variety |• Try to settle on something|

|about what you've discussed. |without always holding them to |suggestions that seem |Far-reaching goals can't be |view that seem on the schmaltzy|lot of learning can be |of opinions to be discussed; |& live with it awhile before |

|It's not necessary to fill all |what they say. |farfetched; don't dismiss them |attained without a step-by-step|side. It's okay for people to |accomplished through a healthy |don't settle on the first good |redesigning it. |

|silences with words. |• Commit yourself to sharing|too early. |plan. |feel good at work. |discussion. |idea you hear. |• State what you think about|

|• Practice listening to |more than just your final |• Similarly allow for others|• Keep in touch with |• Keep in mind that how you |• While harmony is |• Remember than not all |a goal as directly as possible.|

|ideas & suggestions about goals|response. |to ramble on for a while. |reality. While it's tempting |work together as a group is a |important, every issue can't |goals can be reached |• Making a firm decision & |

|as well as thinking a bit |• Don't keep silent by |While their ideas may not make |to dream the impossible dream, |important as what you |always be resolved with |immediately, nor should they |sticking to it isn't the end of|

|before you react. |assuming your thoughts are too |sense initially, they might |it's important to use practical|accomplish. |everyone feeling good. |be. |the world. |

|• Put goals into writing |trivial to say out loud. Let |later on. |understand-able language. |• Try saying, "How will this|• Not every word spoken |• Don't assume that those |• Remind yourself that some |

|before the meeting to give |the process be the judge. |• Keep in mind that the very|• When giving feedback, try |goal affect the people who must|about a suggestion you make is |who disagree with your goals |goals can be reached one day at|

|those who need it a chance to |• At the very lease develop |idea of goal setting involves |to be specific. Try saying, "I|carry it out?" |directed personally at you. |aren't committed to them. Some|a time. The small, short-term |

|mull them over. |some nonverbal signals - - |pondering the future. You |agree with points one & three, |• Not everyone appreciated a|Nor are the goals you suggest |people have a wonderful ability|accomplishments are as |

|• Try saying "Let me try to |nodding your head, smiling, |might prefer to get busy |but let's consider this idea |healthy discussion or |your personal responsibility. |to adapt. |important as the bigger ones. |

|recap what you've just said to |whatever - - to indicate your |actually doing something, but |for your second point." Avoid |aggressively pursuing a point |• Try saying, "This goal |• Try saying, "That's okay |• Try saying, "It's a closed |

|make sure I've heard it |assent or dissent. |that time will come. |generalities like "Let's take |for the sake of the argument. |makes sense on the bottom line,|for now, but let's wait before |issue. Let's move on to |

|correctly. |• Try saying, "I would |• Try saying, "I think this |another look at the draft." |That will cause some of your |& therefore personal |we make a final decision." |something else. |

|• In a group setting make |normally keep this to myself, |may be pie in the sky, but |• Similarly, when seeking |team members to drop out of the|differences should be set | | |

|sure everyone has the chance to|however, let me share that the |let's talk it through." |feedback, avoid generalities |process. |aside." | | |

|express his or her opinions. |goal in its present form seems | |like "What do you thing?" in |• Reaching a goal isn't |• Goals can be reached even | | |

|But everyone needn't speak to |a little weak." | |favor of specific requests: |worth pursuing if you alienate |if everyone isn't in total | | |

|every issue. | | |"I'd like some feedback on |everyone getting there. |agreement. | | |

|• Remember that silence | | |items one & four." | | | | |

|doesn't always mean consent. | | | | | | | |

Time:

1. People procrastinate around their nonpreferences

2. Recognize that everyone has a natural need either to control time or to adapt to it

3. Don't try to change people

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |

|• Is to be overpowered & |• Is spatial, a concept. |• Is now; there is no time |• Is possibilities; there's |• Is an object, a resource. |• Is relational & |• Is to be scheduled & |• Can be adapted & added to.|

|used. | |like the present. |always time for one more thing.| |interpersonal. |controlled. | |

|NF |SJ |NT |SP |

|Time: |Time: |Time: |Time: |

|• Assets |• Assets |• Assets |• Assets |

|• Sensitive to people & their time |• Good at time management |• Time is conceptual, impersonal |• Can meet immediate needs of a situation |

|• Give people all the time they need |• Most grounded in sensate realities |• Time is part of a bigger system |• Flexible & pliable |

|• Time oriented toward others' needs |• Most realistic |• Time is a tool to accomplish things |• Handle emergencies well |

|• Time is useful for finding life's purpose |• Able to throw things out |• Liabilities |• Adaptable about scheduled changes |

|• Liabilities |• Liabilities |• It is enough just to think it through without taking |• Liabilities |

|• Difficulty saying no |• Rigid about schedules |action |• Efforts get scattered |

|• Feel guilty if they don't give others time |• Hooked on responsibility |• Time is in the mind only |* Change directions often |

|• Neglect own time needs |• Can't relax |• People's needs may suffer |• There's always tomorrow |

|• Waste time searching for self |• Hate to wait for others | |• Bowled over by the moment |

• Ethics = refers to the moral judgment you exercise in the day-to-day arena in which you live your life

• Morals = customs that have been handed down to us in our society; ake morals & set them against daily living (ethics) & from that develop a value system

• Values = personal interpretation of society's customs

• Integrity = congruity between my values & ethics & the responsibility that accompanies that congruency

Ethical Behavior

• Only ethical behavior for which you can be responsible is your own

• Your perception of someone else's ethical conduct may be more a reflection of your own value system that a reflection of that person's behavior

Confronting Ethical Issues

• Listen & learn

• Consider the source

• Do something about it

Typewatching Key Points:

1. Learn your four letters as way of describing yourself to others

• Validate profile

• Select few people who know you well; ask them to read profile you've chosen; ask for feedback on it - - how accurate it is in describing you, ways it is most accurate/most inaccurate

• Keep monitoring your own behavior through daily experiences & feedback from others

2. Mind your Ps & Js

• Last letter is P = nature to generate alternatives; contribution to workplace is creativity & dynamism; decide by process of elimination

• Last letter is J = nature to moan about everything, even things they like & want to do; give new ideas using hit-&-run technique

3. Take some shortcuts - - temperaments = NF, NT, SJ, SP

|NF |SJ |NT |SP |

|Workplace Strengths: |Workplace Strengths: |Workplace Strengths: |Workplace Strengths: |

|• Ability to persuade & cooperate |• Strong sense of responsibility & duty to the organization|• Ability to think systematically & strategically |• Ability to do a variety of tasks with ease |

|• Team builders |• Organization's backbone |• Natural analysts |• Sense of urgency when situation demands it |

|Workplace Weaknesses: |Workplace Weaknesses: |Workplace Weaknesses: |Workplace Weaknesses: |

|• Over-personalization of organizational problems |• Rigidity & narrow focus on meeting rules & regulations |• Tendency to make things more complex than necessary |• Disinterest in routine |

|• Tendency to carry grudges | |• Impatience with incompetency |• Lack of a sense of the big picture |

4. Do what you can do - - If alone in your organization, observe two pairs of preferences which exhibit themselves most readily in workplace: E-I & J-P

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Workplace: |Workplace: |Workplace: |Workplace: |

|• Under pressure to fill silences |• Enjoy some of the more private conversations with only |• Stressed because others seem to be too disorganized & |• Stressed because everyone else seems so rigid, concerned |

|• Pull thoughts & ideas from others |one or two others |easygoing about most things |about deadlines & disinterested in having any fun on company |

|• Generally feel need to keep others motivated |• Realize that not everyone is getting involved in the |• Group is likely made up of Ps |time |

|• May be developing habits that more I colleagues are |discussions - may be an I group |• Don't try to change them - pick one or two things about |• Group is likely made up of Js |

|pleased to let you do |• Some good ideas are probably not getting expressed |which you can negotiate some structure & organization |• Don't try to change them - show them that you can & do |

|• Back off - Monitor your behavior, stop filling those |• Draw others our - express more of your own observations |• In a constant game of one-upmanship about deadlines, |meet deadlines & that you understand that these are necessary,|

|silences |about the group process |closure, neatness, & rules |albeit not controlling of your life |

|• Compete with others for air time & no one seems to be |• Leave fewer things unspoken & don't assume that silence |• Group is likely Js |• When appropriate, help them plan some kind of diversion |

|listening to one another |means consent |• Try to loosen up - insert humor & spontaneity into the day |that will lift everyone's spirits without excessively |

|• Up to you to recognize that this group of Es is all |• Shut out of the action & fatigued after only a few |• Even a few simple & unplanned diversions can ease rigidity|disrupting the day |

|talking with little listening |moments with your colleagues |that may plague group of Js |• Js are capable of having fun on company time - - if it is |

|• Stop talking & start listening - play traffic cop in |• Likely they are Es | |well organized & on schedule |

|conversations directing others to talk, listen & summarize |• Stop talking & start listening - may take some effort to | |• Thrilled with the exciting ideas being shared with others|

|• Try not to fall into natural preference to join the E |do so | |but few things seem to get done |

|competition |• Suggest whole group take three minutes of silent | |• Group is likely Ps |

| |reflection & then share thoughts on issue | |• Stop frittering & do something - push group to see at least|

| | | |one idea through to completion |

| | | |• Take it upon yourself to help group establish a schedule |

| | | |- - & keep to it |

5. Think in opposites - view a situation through the eyes of your opposite preference or type

|E = Extroverted |I = Introverted |S = Sensing |N = Intuitive |T = Thinking |F = Feeling |J = Judging |P = Perceiving |

|Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |Opposites: |

|• Count to ten & maybe say |• Blurt out a response, |• Try to back off & let your|• Try to experience as many |• Before making a decision |• When disagreement erupts, |• Try just to let things |• Try to finish at least one|

|nothing |saying something with no intent|imagination run wild |sensory events as you can crowd|think about the other person's |try not to rescue one side or |happen |thing of some importance, even |

|• Trust someone else to say |of measuring its worth or |• Generate ten positive |into five or ten minutes |point of view |another |• At least once a day try to|ahead of schedule, if possible |

|what you thought of saying |meaning |possibilities about tomorrow or|• Taste, touch, smell, see, &|• Actually use their words &|• Push against the situation|let one thing that bothers you |• Cover bases & promise |

|• If not said, let matter |• Deliberately waste some |next week |hear the world around you |ask yourself, "How do I feel |- - argue for the sake of |go unattended |yourself not to be distracted |

|drop |words & be a bit redundant | |without trying to find any |about what's happening?" |arguing |• Work on appreciating that |until you reach your goal of |

|• Listen, listen, listen |• Repeat: Be a bit | |meanings in any of it | |• If voices are raised, no |it may never be taken care of |the moment |

|• Maybe even repeat what's |redundant. Say it again, Sam | |• Experience the moment | |matter what, do not become |• Ask yourself, "Will any of| |

|been said before adding your | | | | |intimidated |it make a difference a year | |

|own thoughts | | | | |• Keep saying to yourself, |from now?" | |

| | | | | |"It's only an exchange of | | |

| | | | | |ideas, it's nothing personal" | | |

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