MODULE 4: GENOCIDE, HUNGER, POPULATION



MODULE 4: GENOCIDE, HUNGER, POPULATION, AND TREATIES

Chapters 12, 13, 18, 19

Introduction: Genocide, hunger, population, and treaty obligations combine for our last module. One of the most puzzling and troubling areas of the world in terms of genocide and hunger is Africa. How can the inhabitants of a continent rich in natural resources such as diamonds be so hungry? How can countries of that continent continue to be violators of basic human rights while under the scrutiny of the United Nations and the world? Why does the world continue to allow these things to occur while helping other countries?

Treaties have long been disdained by politicians here in America as cumbersome and dangerous and yet we seek to maintain and solidify them. Why? Which countries in Europe does America seek to partner with in the face of worldly dangers? Are treaties still needed with these countries? These are some of the questions that we will be able to answer after this module.

Background Reading: Introduction, text, chapters 12, 13, 18, 19 and various internet resources.

Chapter 12

Section 1 (Landforms and Resources)

Terms: fjord, uplands, Meseta, Massif Central, Peat.

1. Why can Europe be called “a peninsula of peninsulas”?

2. What European islands are located in the North Atlantic?

3. What are the large upland areas of Spain and France?

4. How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?

5. Where does the Danube flow?

6. How are rivers used in Europe?

7. What is the most important plain in Europe?

8. Why is it important?

9. Where are some other plains in Europe?

10. What resources does Europe have in abundance?

11. Why are those resources important?

12. Why do the Irish burn peat?

Section 2 (Climate and Vegetation)

Terms: North Atlantic Drift, sirocco, mistral.

1. What is the North Atlantic Drift?

2. How does the North Atlantic Drift affect temperature and rainfall?

3. What extremes of climate are common in northeastern and east central Europe?

4. What moderating climatic influence is lacking?

5. What parts of Europe benefit from the Mediterranean climate?

6. How are the mistral and the sirocco similar and different?

7. Why do trees not grow in upper Scandinavia?

8. What vegetation grows in the land of the Midnight Sun?

9. How does the climate affect agriculture in Scandinavia?

Section 3 (Human-Environment Interaction)

Terms: dike, polder, seaworks, terpen, Zuider Zee, ljsselmeer.

1. What is a polder?

2. What is remarkable about the Zuider Zee?

3. Why is water transport so important in Venice?

4. What problems face Venice today?

5. What actions have led to deforestation in Europe?

6. How is acid rain produced?

7. How much of Europe’s forest land have been affected by acid rain?

Chapter 13

Section 1 (Mediterranean Europe)

Terms: city-state, republic, Crusades, Renaissance, aqueduct.

1. What geographic factors fostered early European civilization?

2. What were the forms of government in ancient Greece and Rome?

3. How has ancient Greece shaped modern culture and democracy?

4. What were the Crusades?

5. Why was the Renaissance important culturally?

6. What effect did Roman conquest have on language?

7. How did the division of the Roman Empire affect religion?

8. What aspects of ancient Greece and Rome are still culturally significant?

9. How has the economy changed since WW II?

10. What are some of the region’s economic problems?

11. How has membership in the EU spurred economic growth for some Mediterranean countries?

12. What is a major indicator of political instability in Italy?

13. Why have the Basques been a source of turmoil in Spain?

Section 2 (Western Europe)

Terms: Benelux, Reformation, feudalism, nationalism, Holocaust, Berlin Wall.

1. Why are France and Germany the dominant countries of Western Europe?

2. How did language differences develop in Western Europe?

3. What is a nation-state?

4. How did nation-states emerge from feudal societies?

5. How was Germany divided and then re-united?

6. Why is Western Europe’s economy so strong?

7. What economic challenge does Germany face?

8. Which Western European countries were home to famous composers?

9. Who were some great European composers?

10. Which countries or regions are famed for their painting?

11. What is the standard of living in Western Europe?

12. What are the cities like?

13. How has immigration produced conflict in Western Europe?

Section 3 (Northern Europe)

Terms: Nordic countries, parliament, Silicon Glen, euro.

1. Which three groups of early invaders successively conquered Northern Europe?

2. What cultural impact did the British Empire have in many parts of the world?

3. How have Northern Europe countries advanced representative government?

4. How did the Industrial Revolution motivate Britain to build an empire?

5. How did the English cause long-standing and continuing unrest in Ireland?

6. What role do natural resources play in Europe’s economy?

7. Where is Silicon Glen and why is it important economically?

8. Name a Northern European country that has chosen not to join the EU.

9. How did the Reformation affect religion in Northern Europe?

10. In what ways have Great Britain and Ireland influenced world literature?

11. What gains have women in Nordic countries made toward political equality in the 1990’s?

12. What welfare services do the countries of Northern Europe fund?

Section 4 (Eastern Europe)

Terms: cultural crossroads, balkanization, satellite nation, market economy, folk art, anti-Semitism.

1. What is a cultural crossroads?

2. Why have many empires tried to control Eastern Europe?

3. What defines Eastern Europe as a cultural crossroads?

4. What does the term balkanization describe?

5. How has ethnicity led to turmoil in Eastern Europe?

6. How did the Soviet Union’s withdrawal from Eastern Europe create instability?

7. Why did Eastern Europe countries move from farming to industry?

8. How did communist governments restrict economic development?

9. How has moving toward a market economy been of benefit in Eastern Europe?

10. What effect does the variety of Eastern European languages have on the region?

11. How does religion contribute to the region’s cultural diversity?

12. What influences shape the folk art of Eastern Europe?

AFRICA-CHAPTERS 18, 19

Chapter 18

Section 1 (Landforms and Resources)

Terms: basin, Nile River, rift valley Mount Kilimanjaro, escarpment.

1. What is Africa’s most prominent physical feature?

2. Why are Africa’s rivers difficult to navigate?

3. How might this affect the economy?

4. Where are the most distinctive landforms found, and what are they?

5. What is the Great Escarpment?

6. What important minerals are found in Africa?

7. Why does oil-rich Angola have a poor public infrastructure?

8. What are two profitable commodities besides oil?

9. What problem does logging cause?

10. How do most Africans earn their living?

Section 2 (Climate and Vegetation)

Terms: Sahara, aquifer, oasis, Serengeti Plain, canopy, cheetah.

1. What deserts are located in Africa?

2. Why is so much of Africa tropical?

3. What region receives the most rain?

4. How long can dry spells last in desert regions?

5. What relationship do rainfall patterns in Africa have to the equator?

6. What vegetation covers most of Africa?

7. Why is the Serengeti still covered with wild grass?

8. Which animals thrive there?

9. What vegetation is typical of Central Africa?

10. How much diversity can be found in a square acre of rain forest?

11. What danger exists from the slash-and-burn farming method?

Section 3 (Human-Environment Interaction)

Terms: Niger delta, Sahel, desertification, Aswan High Dam, silt.

1. What process threatens the Sahel?

2. What happens when livestock overgraze vegetation and farmers clear land to plant crops.

3. What can be done to slow the process of desertification?

4. What made Nigeria one of Africa’s wealthiest countries?

5. How did the Nigerian government later impoverish the nation?

6. How did foreign oil companies harm Nigeria?

7. How did construction of the dam affect the surrounding area? (Nile river)

8. What have been negative effects of the dam?

Chapter 19

Section 1

Terms: Olduvai Gorge, Aksum, Berlin Conference, cash crop, Masai, pandemic.

1. What contributed to the rise of early civilizations in East Africa?

2. What effect did international trade have on East Africa?

3. What happened at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

4. What African countries managed to remain free of European control?

5. How did colonialism cause conflicts in East Africa after independence?

6. Why is it risky for East Africa to rely on cash crops?

7. Why is East Africa’s agricultural base changing?

8. What threatens East Africa’s wildlife parks?

9. What two major ethnic groups inhabit East Africa?

10. Why did the Mau Mau rebellion occur?

11. How do the Masai and Kikuyu compare in the kinds of work they do?

12. What is East Africa’s most critical health-care problems?

13. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

14. How does the difference affect AIDS statistics?

Section 2

Terms: Carthage, Islam, rai

1. What form of government did ancient Egypt have?

2. What practices did the ancient world acquire from Egypt?

3. How did Muslims gain control of North Africa?

4. How has North Africa’s economic base evolved?

5. What North African countries have economies transformed by oil?

6. Why has the oil industry failed to benefit local workers?

7. What major influences combine in North African culture?

8. How are prices set for products sold at souks?

9. How has rai music changed since its beginnings?

10. What was the traditional role for North African women?

11. How has marriage law changed in Tunisia?

12. What gains have Tunisian women made outside the home?

Section 3

Terms: Goree Island, stateless society, Ashanti.

1. How did location help the three West African empires?

2. What helped Ghana thrive besides its gold-salt trade?

3. What is the basis of West Africa’s economic well being?

4. What has helped Ghana achieve healthy economic growth in recent years?

5. For what colorful cloth are the Ashanti well known?

6. What influences are found in West African popular music?

Section 4

Terms: Bantu migrations, King Leopold II, Mobutu Sese Seko, Fang sculpture.

1. Why where the Bantu migrations a key event?

2. How did the Portuguese open the African slave trade to Europeans?

3. Why is King Leopold of Belgium especially important?

4. What types of infrastructure did European colonizers develop in Central Africa?

5. Why did economic problems caused by colonization continue in the independent Democratic Republic of the Congo?

6. What will help the Democratic Republic of the Congo benefit from its rich resources?

7. What theme dominated Central African art for most of the 20th century?

8. How has Central African art changed since independence?

9. How did Picasso spread the influence of Central African art?

10. What problems does Central Africa have in education?

11. How do language barriers hinder education?

Section 5

Terms: Great Zimbabwe, Mutapa Empire, apartheid, Nelson Mandela.

1. What economic activity caused Southern Africa to thrive centuries ago?

2. How did the British gain control in South Africa?

3. Why did foreign nations object to South Africa’s policy of apartheid?

4. How did apartheid hurt South Africa’s economy?

5. What two economies exist in South Africa today?

6. How has Botswana’s diamond wealth created agricultural problems?

7. How does modern Johannesburg reflect the problems created by apartheid?

8. What jobs do most blacks perform in Southern Africa?

Assignment 1: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 20 – INTERNET RESEARCH: PRESIDENTIAL REPORT.

Directions: Congratulations! You have been selected by the President of the United States to find one example on both continents that you think constitutes ongoing genocide. The President is going to use this information and your policy solutions for his re-election campaign next year. Using the internet, research and write a brief “white paper” on these situations comparing the similarities and differences between the two. Give background of the situations and provide a solution for each. Of the two situations, give the President your recommendation as to which of these situations needs to be addressed first, and of course, justify your position.

Assignment 2: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 – INTERNET RESEARCH: TREATY OBLIGATIONS WITH EUROPE AND AFRICA.

Directions: Using the internet, research the treaty obligations of the United States with both European countries and African countries. Which of the two continents does the United States have the most (in terms of numbers and importance) treaties? Why is this the case? Create a chart that shows the treaty obligations and then write a paragraph that explains your answers to the questions above.

Assignment 3: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 - REGIONAL DATA FILE. CREATING POPULATION DENSITY TABLES. 266.

Directions: Use the population density map on page 267 of your text to determine density for the following cities: Oslo, Dublin, Sarajevo, Rome, London, Reykyavik, Sofia, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Berlin, Skopje, Copenhagen, Paris, Warsaw, Madrid, Helsinki, Brussels, Tirana, Athens, Luxembourg, Bratislava, Bucharest, Ljubliana, Budapest, Zagreb, Belgrade, Bern, Prague, Vienna. Create a table that shows your results.

Assignment 4: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 – REGIONAL DATA FILE. 268.

Directions: Answer the questions on page 268 and 270 of your text. Be ready to share with the class.

Assignment 5: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 – REGIONAL DATA FILE- CREATING A BAR GRAPH. 271

Directions: Create a bar graph with two axes, one showing “Infant mortality per 1,000 live births” and the other showing “European Countries (M-Z).

Assignment 6: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 – INTERNET RESEARCH- WRITING A TRAVEL ARTICLE. 278.

Directions: Go to the web and find information appropriate for a travel article about the Mediterranean. Your travel article should include information concerning the weather, climate, and what a person might see during a particular season of the year.

Assignment 7: TOTAL POINT VALUE – 10 – CRITICAL THINKING- MAKING COMPARISONS. 283.

Directions: Looking at similarities and differences between regions or countries can help make put geographic information in perspective. Compare the physical geography of Venice and the Netherlands. Create a flow chart as you answer the following questions: 1) What key geographic factors do the Netherlands and Venice have in common? 2) How have they dealt with the problem? What results do you see?

Assignment 8: TOTAL POINT VALUE -10- PREPARING AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS REPORT. 284.

Directions: Using the text and the internet, research and prepare an oral report on one aspect of environmental progress in Europe. Possible research areas include recycling, anti-pollution efforts, species preservation, forest conservation, and urban development. You should identify an environmental problem, explain efforts to solve it, and describe the results. You may use charts, graphs, illustrations or other visual aid in your oral report.

Assignment 9: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- GEOACTIVITY AND INTERPRETING MAPS. 287

Directions: Complete the Geographic Skills and the Geoactivity on page 287.

Assignment 10: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- INTERNET ACTIVITY. 287.

Directions: Complete the Internet Activity describe on page 287.

Assignment 11: TOTAL POINT VALUE -10- CREATING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS USING A WORD PROCESSOR. 287d.

Directions: Choose two subregions of Europe in Chapter 13 to compare and contrast. Create an idea-web with circles and ovals extending out of a main topic circle entitled “subregions of Europe”. Your facts contained in your idea-web address the following questions. What are the origins of the current form of government in this subregion’s countries? What are some cultural customs in this subregion? What are some characteristics of the modern economy in this subregion? You should list at least two details for each of these three sections (history, culture, and economy) for each subregion.

Assignment 12: TOTAL POINT VALUE -10- CRITICAL THINKING. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS. 290.

Directions: Look on the map on page 290. Answer the following questions. Why did the Romans refer to the Mediterranean Sea as “our sea”? The Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome began in 264 B.C. and ended with the destruction of Carthage in 146B.C. Why was Rome so intent on destroying Carthage? Note the location of Rome relative to its empire. Why is it in the approximate center rather than on the edge?

Assignment 13. TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- LINK TO HUMANITIES-EXPLORING CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE. 291.

Directions: Using your computer, create a chart comparing the Parthenon to the Lincoln Memorial. Include the following information on your chart, year(s) built, location, and at least one physical similarity and difference on your charts.

Assignment 14: TOTAL POINT VALUE -10- INTERNET RESEARCH-UPDATING INFORMATION. 292.

Directions: Using the economic activity chart on page 292, research the internet and update the information from 1995 to the present. Create a current pie chart for the countries listed in the activity chart.

Assignment 15: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- INVESTIGATING THE BUBONIC PLAGUE. 295.

Directions: Using the internet, gather information on current status of the bubonic plague. Concentrate on recently reported cases of the plague and current types of treatment for victims of the disease.

Assignment 16: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- LINKS TO HISTORY-MAKING A TIME LINE. 297.

Directions: Choose a Western European country and conduct internet research on key events in that country’s history. You should select events you feel are most significant and then construct a time line based on those events. Look at page 297 for ideas. Illustrate your time lines.

Assignment 17: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- LINK TO ECONOMICS. 299.

Directions: Using the internet, make a list of European imports that we use in America. Answer the following question, what general conclusions can you draw from this list? (Impact on America).

Assignment 18: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- CREATING A CHART. 305.

Directions: Create a chart on the British rule in India. Your chart should include the following: explain how Britain became established in India, the impact of British rule in India, and events leading to independence. Write a paragraph to conclude if Britain’s impact was positive or negative on India.

Assignment 19: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- CREATING A TIME LINE. 311.

Directions: Refer to assignment 16. Use an Eastern European country this time.

Assignment 20: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- CRITICAL THINKING-MAKING INFERENCES. 313.

Directions: Using the chart on page 313, answer the following questions: Of the countries on the graph, which benefited most from conversion to a market economy? Which countries have suffered from problems caused by the conversion? What specific problems has Albania had to address?

Assignment 21: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- CREATING A TOURIST BROCHURE. 399.

Directions: Select a subregion of Africa. Create a tourist brochure that would attract world travelers. Use the internet to do research. Your brochure should include information about your subregion as well as photographs.

Assignment 22: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- MAKING COMPARISONS. 402, 404. 406.

Directions: Complete the “Making Comparisons” sections on pages 402, 404, and 406.

Assignment 23: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY. 403.

Directions: Remember that location answers the question of “where”. There are two types of location. Absolute location uses longitude and latitude to identify precisely where something is. Relative location tells where something is in relation to something else. Use the physical map on page 403 to answer the following questions: What continents are close to Africa? What oceans surround Africa? Where is Africa in relation to the Mediterranean Sea?

Assignment 24: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- EXPLORING LOCAL GEOGRAPHY- CREATING A DATA FILE. 411.

Directions: Refer to the U. S. data file on pages 108-113 to look up the total area of the state of Oklahoma. Next, choose an African country of a similar size. Create a chart comparing the two, using the categories of total area, population, infant mortality, and number of doctors.

Assignment 25: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- INTERNET RESEARCH- WRITING A NEWS REPORT. 422.

Directions: Go to the web site for World Geography at . Click on the Current Events button and follow the links to sources of information on current issues in Africa. Find two sources of information about current environmental issues in Nigeria or Egypt and use those sources to write a brief news report.

Assignment 26: TOTAL P OINT VALUE-10- DETERMINING CAUSE AND EFFECT. 425.

Directions: Answer the following questions: Which causes of desertification are physical processes, and which are human actions? Which actions are recommended to slow the process of desertification? Do the actions address physical or human causes?

Assignment 27: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- WRITE A POSITION PAPER. 426.

Directions: Sometimes the same geographic issue arises in more than one place. For example, China is constructing the Three Gorges Dam for many of the same reasons that led to the construction of the Aswan High Dam. Use the internet and information contained on pages 628-630 of the text to gather sources to write a position paper that tries to persuade Chinese officials either to halt or continue the project.

Assignment 28: TOTAL POINT VALUE-10- FAMINE IN SOMALIA. 436.

Directions: Read pages 436 and 437 in your text. Answer the following questions: What was the principal natural cause of the famine? What human factors complicated the famine? How did Somalia’s history cause the famine?

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