Ex-post Evaluation of the 2017 European Capitals of Culture

Ex-post Evaluation of the 2017 European Capitals of Culture

Final Report

December 2018

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture Directorate D2 - Culture and Creativity

Contact: EAC-ECOC@ec.europa.eu

European Commission B-1049 Brussels

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Ex-post Evaluation of the 2017 European Capitals of

Culture

Final Report

Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture

2018

Ex-post Evaluation of the 2017 European Capitals of Culture

EN

Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the European Commission. However, it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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Table of Contents

1

1.1 1.2 1.3

2

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

3

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

4

4.1 4.2

INTRODUCTION..................................................................... 3

The European Capital of Culture .......................................................... 3 Policy history and context ................................................................... 5 Evaluating the European Capital of Culture............................................ 9

AARHUS............................................................................... 17

Background ......................................................................................17 Development of the ECoC ..................................................................18 Cultural Programme ..........................................................................23 Governance and funding ....................................................................31 Results ............................................................................................38 Legacy ............................................................................................48 Conclusions ......................................................................................49

PAFOS ................................................................................. 54

Background ......................................................................................54 Development of ECoC........................................................................55 Cultural programme ..........................................................................59 Governance and funding ....................................................................69 Results ............................................................................................79 Legacy ............................................................................................85 Conclusions ......................................................................................86

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................ 89

Conclusions ......................................................................................89 Recommendations ............................................................................96

ANNEX ONE: INTERVIEWS UNDERTAKEN........................................... 98 ANNEX TWO: TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................ 101 ANNEX THREE: TOPIC GUIDES ......................................................... 122 ANNEX FOUR: RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................. 130

1

Tables

Table 1.1: ECoC hierarchy of objectives ..............................................................................4 Table 1.2: Effectiveness / success criteria issues................................................................ 10 Table 1.3: Core Result Indicators ..................................................................................... 11 Table 2.1: Strategic goals of Aarhus 2017 ......................................................................... 22 Table 2.2: Proposed operational budget of Aarhus 2017 ..................................................... 32 Table 2.3: Proposed annual expenditure of Aarhus 2017 ..................................................... 32 Table 2.4: Proposed financing of Aarhus 2017 ................................................................... 33 Table 2.5: Actual operational budget of Aarhus 2017.......................................................... 33 Table 2.6: Actual annual expenditure of Aarhus 2017 ......................................................... 34 Table 2.7: Actual financing of Aarhus 2017 ....................................................................... 34 Table 2.8: Original communication goals of Aarhus 2017 .................................................... 35 Table 2.9: Focus of Aarhus 2017 communication ............................................................... 35 Table 2.10: Audiences at key museums in the CDR ............................................................ 40 Table 2.11: Museum audiences beyond the end of the title-year .......................................... 42 Table 2.12: Museum audiences in the CDR........................................................................ 43 Table 2.13: Aarhus 2017 social media statistics ................................................................. 45 Table 2.14: Number of visits to Visit Aarhus website (2013-17) ........................................... 45 Table 2.15: Visits to Visit Aarhus website (2016-2018) ....................................................... 46 Table 2.16: Overnight stays (all types of accommodation and visitor)................................... 47 Table 2.17: Overnight stays in the CDR (all types of accommodation, foreign visitors)............ 47 Table 2.18: Hotel bed-nights in Aarhus (city area only) ...................................................... 47 Table 2.19: Hotel bed-nights in Aarhus (Jan-Jun, 2016-18)................................................. 48 Table 2.20: Performance of Aarhus 2017against its key performance indicators..................... 50 Table 3.1: Timetable of planned income............................................................................ 74 Table 3.2: Budget .......................................................................................................... 76

Figures

Figure 3.1: Governance structure..................................................................................... 70

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